巻号一覧
59 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の24件中1～24を表示しています
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岡本 峰雄, 奥本 直人, 岩田 宗彦, 生田 和正, 福所 邦彦1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1813-1821
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAcoustic surveys were carried out to examine the diurnal-nocturnal behavior of Salmonidae mainly consisting of Hime salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in Chuzenji Lake located around 139°28' E, 37°45' N, with an area of 11.3 km2, a maximum water depth of 172m, and an altitude of 1, 271 m.
In summer and autumn, a remarkable level of themocline was shown between depths of 10 and 30m, and the water temperature range was more than 15°C at the top of this and less than 5°C at the bottom. During the night many Salmonidae were dispersed in the surface layer (summer: 10-40m, autumn: 20-30m) of the whole lake area, and in the daytime ascend to a shallower layer (summer: 3-20m, autumn: 10-20m). But during the day, their number was very small compared with the night-time. The reason for this was estimated as horizontal maldistribuion.
In winter, the water temperature was stabilized at 5.2 ?? 5.4°C in all layers, and Salmonidae were dispersed in the bottom layer (100-172m) around the deep area of the lake during the day, and were dispersed in the surface layer (20-60m) of the whole lake area at night.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (689K) -
趙 柏賢, 田中 栄次, 山田 潤一, 平山 信夫1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1823-1830
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn Kisakata fishing ground the fishermen exploit the stocks of Japanese black abalone Haliotis discus discus and Yezo abalone H. discus hannai. Japanese black abalone is a wild (indigenous) species while Yezo abalone is released. The cohort analysis was applied to catch data from 1985 to 1991. It was found that the size of the stocks had been continuously increasing over the seven years and that the trend was mainly caused by the stocking efficiency of released reared juveniles of Yezo abalone. Petersen's estimates using tagging experiments showed the similar trend. We discussed the possibility that a number of releases of Yezo abalone Would increase the catch level.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (462K) -
今 攸, 家接 直人, 木下 仁徳1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1831-1836
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn spite of the shortening of the fishing season and restrictions on the use of fishing grounds, the resources of snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio have been declining in the western region of the Sea of Japan. If such a low level of crab stock persists, more effective improvements will be needed in the snow crab fishery. The present paper deals with analyses of catch data of the crabs by Danish seines, and gives some suggestions for the improvement of the crab fishery. The results obtained are as follows: male crabs can be caught as fishing targets from the 12th molting stage (93.4mm in carapace width; legal size is 90mm or larger) in the crab fisheries resources off Wakasa Bay. On the other hand, female crabs embracing fertilized eggs can be caught as fishing targets from the adult stage, a year and a half after the 11th molting stage. Therefore, both male and female crabs are caught at the same age. More than half of the male crabs caught are those in the 12th molting stage and soft crabs. Similarly, on the basis of identical patterns found in the fluctuation in annual catches of male and female crabs, more than half of these newly adult female crabs are assumed to be fished.
Judging from an analysis of the catch data and biological information, it is necessary to use soft crabs effectively and to conserve the adult female crabs newly caught as fishing targets by the Danish seine fishery.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (412K) -
北野 聡, 中野 繁, 井上 幹生, 下田 和孝, 山本 祥一郎1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1837-1843
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDiet, foraging behavior, growth, sexual maturity, and spawning site selection were studied in a wild population of exotic rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the spring-fed Horonai stream in Hokkaido, Japan. During spring and summer, the rainbow trout ate primarily aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, but eggs and larvae of river sculpin Cottus nozawae constituted 10% of the diet by number in spring. Rainbow trout typically held focal points in the stream flow and intercepted food items in the drift. Sexually mature individuals caught in late January were ages 1-5+. Males ranged 11.0-36.5cm and females 16.8-33.1cm in fork length. Females constructed spawning redds in calm riffles with fine gravel substrate. Our re-sults suggest that introductions of rainbow trout may have detrimental effects on Japanese stream fishes and other aquatic biota through interspecific competition for food and space and/or predation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (552K) -
中井 一広, 武蔵 達也, 井ノ口 伸幸, 西洞 孝広, 岸田 達, 松田 裕之1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1845-1850
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe artificially cultured young abalone Haliotis discus hannai of individuals were released in the survey area of Iwate prefecture for estimating the mortality rate. The population size and mortality rate were estimated from the data of the recoveries from the multiple experiments using the Petersen method, Bayes estimation method and revised Jolly model. Validity of these estimations was examined by the same method in the test tank. The Bayes method gave the stablest estimation under the condition that there is no immigration and the initial population size is known. The value of the mortality rate estimated by the Bayes method was 0.0162•day-1 during the first 23 days after the release. The decrease of resource was divided into death and emigration using the Skellam model. It was shown that the decrease of abalone was caused mainly by death.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (409K) -
乃一 哲久, 草野 誠, 神原 利和, 千田 哲資1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1851-1855
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFish predation on larval and juvenile Japanese flounder was studied at Yanagihama Beach in Nagasaki Prefecture from March to July 1990-1991. Of 21 fish species examined for their diets, 9 had eaten a total of 57 flounders. The conspecific elders, two Psedoblennius species and Chelidonichthys spinosus were the most significant predators. The eaten flounders were mostly newly settled ones, while older juveniles seldom occurred in the diets of predators. Incidences of predation suggested that both larval flounder and their predators are diurnal animals. The flounder larvae settling later in the season are considered to have a greater risk of cannibalism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (324K) -
赤嶺 達郎1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1857-1863
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis formula is based on the Richards formula, which includes well-known growth formulae, and is invariant for allometry. It is expanded by exchanging the independent variable from time to its function, in other words the cumulative water temperature. This standard formula includes the method of substituting values for the cumulative water temperature into the time term, the mathematical model of adding sine functions to the time term, and switched growth rate models. This standard model is given by general theory, which makes the character of parameters clear and helps to analyze the growth formula statistically.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
内田 基晴, 中山 昭彦1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1865-1871
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA search was undertaken to isolate bacteria capable of decomposing Laminaria fronds directly. Among 89 strains isolated from seawater samples with an agar plate enriched with Laminaria powder, 62 strains showed a Laminaria-frond decomposing ability which was detected by a rheometer test after 4 weeks' incubation at 20°C. The Laminaria-frond decomposing bacteria (LDB) were isolated from 10 locations out of 11, suggesting their widespread distribution in the Japanese coastal waters. Most of the LDB were assigned to the Vibrio group according to Simidu's scheme and had an alginate-degrading ability. Gel filtration analysis of saccharides dissolved in the culture medium during the decomposition test showed that the algal polysaccharides were degraded, and that the decomposition products differed greatly in molecular size from strain to strain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (487K) -
酒井 久治, 武田 誠一, 佐藤 要1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1873-1877
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA line braking device applying a load to a line hauler was built in the laboratoly. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of a line braking device. The results showed that the line braking device applied a load to the line hauler firmly, safely, and continuously. It was possible to reproduce the actual loading situation, approximately except for the rapid fluctuation in the tension. Thus the initial objective was satisfied. A testing set for line haulers including the line braking device could be widely introduced to study and training using fishery machine for lines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (329K) -
山田 作太郎, 今井 利為1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1879-1882
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper we study the estimation of the reporting rate of recaptured tagged fish and, as an application, of the population size. We take up the red sea bream Pagrus major fishery in the western shore of Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture. Our Chapman-type estimate of the reporting rate is virtually unbiased. If the product of the population tagging rate and the catch in number in a fishing market, where the perfect report is expected, is large then this new estimate of the population size has a very small mean square error. The estimate of the reporting rate in the numerical example is about eighty percent. The estimated population size in 1990 is about two million.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (296K) -
示野 貞夫, 美馬 孝好, 山本 修, 安藤 嘉生1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1883-1888
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was conducted to determine the effects on the growth, feed conversion, and body composition of fermented defatted soybean meal (SBM) either with Aspergillus oryzae or Eurotium repens in single moist pellet diets for juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. The growth and feed efficiency of fish fed on the fermented SBM diets were superior to those fed on an unfermented SBM diet, but they were slightly inferior to those fed on a high fish meal diet without SBM. There were no marked differences in the body or blood components between any of the groups. Though neither of the fermentations of SBM with fungi affected POV, trypsin inhibitor activity, or amino acid composition, both treatments similarly increased low molecular weight-proteins and decreased oligosaccharides, resulting in higher digestibilities of dietary protein and carbohydrate. These improved digestibilities through fermentation of SBM might contribute to better growth performance in the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
示野 貞夫, 美馬 孝好, 今永 哲生, 東丸 一仁1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1889-1895
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to evaluate large amount replacements of fish meal by the inclusion of a combinations of soybeam meal with several protein sources, juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were fed on single moist pellet diets including 0-30% of meat meal (MM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) together with 20% defatted soybean meal (SBM). Though the inclusion of a combination with the highest amount of CGM slightly reduced the growth and feed efficiency, probably due to its poor amino acid profile, a combination with up to 20% MM or CGM showed comparable growth performance to single SBM inclusion. The best performance was found in the group fed on the diet including the combination with 10% MM, which was superior to that in not only the single SBM-including diet group but also the SBM-free high-fish meal diet group. Furthermore, there were no marked differences in the body composition and hematological characteristics of any of the groups tested. These results have indicated that the inclusion of SBM with an adequate combination of several abundant and cheaper protein sources can replace larger amounts of fish meal in yellowtail diets without any adverse effects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
長久 英三, 菅野 信弘, 佐藤 美和, 佐藤 実1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1897-1901
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe occurrence of free D-aspartic acid was measured in various tissues and organs of the octopus Octopus vulgaris by means of chiral HPLC amino acid analysis. This amino acid was detected in appreciable quantities in almost all of the tissues examined (muscle, renal appendage, ventricle, branchial heart, gill, crop, stomach, cecum, intestine, salivary gland, brain, and eye) except the hepatopancreas and gonad. In particular, the amount of D-aspartic acid in the intestine was 5- to 10-fold that in other tissues. The ratios of D/L were 2 or more in brain, eye, and intestine, but were less than 1 in the other tissues. D-Aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1) activity was found in various digestive organs and in the muscle of the octopus, but it was not detected in the brain, eye, gill, salivary gland, or gonad. The enzyme activity was highest in the cecum (1.3U/g tissue) and was relatively high in the renal appendage, hepatopancreas, and intestine (0.8, 0.6 and 0.5U/g tissue, respectively). The oxidizing activity towards L-aspartic acid was only slightly detected in all of the tissues examined. These results imply that the D-aspartic acid in octopus tissues originates mainly from intestinal bacteria and feed, and that the D-aspartate oxidase secreted from the cecum controls the accumulation of this amino acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
山田 亜樹子, 高野 克己, 鴨居 郁三1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1903-1908
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーProteoytlic enzyme of the stomach of Tilapia nilotica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose), chromatofocusing (polyexchanger PBE 94) and gel filtration (Sephadex G-100). The enzyme was found to be in pure forms when examined by electrophoresis.
The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 22 times that of the crude extract.
The protease had a molecular weight of 54, 000, and showed the highest activity at pH3.5 and 50°C. This was stable at pH3.5-5.5 and below 50°C.
The Km value of the enzyme for hemoglobin was calculated to be 5.4mg/ml.
The enzyme activity was inhibited by 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane, diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester, and pepstatin.
The effect of various inhibitors on enzyme activity was examined. As a result, it was presumed that this enzyme may be classified into an asparatic protease. The enzyme specifically digested carbobenzoxy-glycyl-tyrosine, carbobenzoxy-glutamyl-tyrosine, benzoxy-glycyl-phenylalanine, and carbobenzoxy-glutamyl-phenylalanine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1002K) -
豊原 治彦, 木下 政人, 安藤 正史, 山下 倫明, 小長谷 史郎, 坂口 守彦1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1909-1914
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe cause of the jelification of Japanese flounder meat was investigated. Infection by parasites was not histologically detected, while the arrangement of myofibrils was notably disturbed. Large amounts of trichloroacetic acid soluble materials and a breakdown of myosin heavy chain suggested the occurrence of proteolytic degradation in the jellied meat.
Crude extract of the jellied meat showed proteolytic activity on myosin heavy chain, which was hardly detected in the normal meat. The extract hydrolyzed Z-Phe-Arg-MCA most preferentially among the synthetic peptide substrates tested. Activities on myosin heavy chain and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA were inhibited by leupeptin, antipain, and E-64, but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor or pAPMSF (a specific inhibitor for trypsin-like proteases), suggesting that the activities were ascribed to a cysteine protease(s). Both myosin heavy chain and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA hydrolyzing activities were co-eluted from TSK G3000SWXL column at an eluting position whose molecular weight corresponded to 34, 000. Together with these results, the protease activity elevated and possibly involved in the jelification of Japanese flounder meat was taken to be due to an endogenous cathepsin L-like protease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2218K) -
田中 宗彦, 黄 俊儒, 邱 文貴, 石崎 松一郎, 田口 武1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1915-1921
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the possible participation of chitosan in the Maillard reaction, model systems consisting of chitosan and glucose (1:0.1, 1:0.5, and 1:1, w/w) with different water activity (Aw 0.33, 0.51, and 0.84) were prepared. By heating the model systems at 65°C, it was discovered that chitosan took part in the Maillard browning reaction and its rate was faster with a higher ratio of glucose and water activity. Furthermore, it was disclosed that some of the unique functional properties of chitosan were altered as a result of the Maillard reaction with glucose. Water binding capacity and antibacterial activity of chitosan decreased to some extent at the initial stage of the Maillard reaction, while acidic dye binding capacity increased considerably with the progress of the reaction. Most of the changes due to the Maillard reaction became significant when more than 80% of amino groups of chitosan were lost by the reaction. On the contrary, the fat binding capacity and iron chelating properties were not affected by the reaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (490K) -
吉野 芳和, 村本 光二, 後藤 利奈, 神谷 久男1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1923-1928
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA protease inhibitor, named tugalistatin, was isolated from the muscle of the marine gastropod Tugali gigas. Tugalistatin inhibited the proteolytic activity of trypsin and α-chymotrypsin. It also suppressed the activity of kallikrein as well as elastase to some extent. On the other hand, it was inactive against metallo-proteases and cysteine proteases. These suggest that tugalistatin is a serine protease inhibitor. In SDS-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis it showed a single band corresponding to 22, 000 under reduced conditions. The molecular weight of intact inhibitor was calculated to be 17, 000 when checked by FPLC on a Superose 12 column. Amino acid analysis revealed tugalistatin contained a large amount of glutamic acid (14.0%), half-cystine (11.1%), and aspartic acid (9.7%) in the molecule.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1068K) -
任 恵峰, 林 哲仁, 遠藤 英明, 渡辺 悦生1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1929-1935
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーProximate and free amino acid compositions of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese traditional sauce made from grain or fish were analyzed to describe not only their common and individual characteristics but also their formative role in the food culture of the pan-Japan Sea region. Ordinary Japanese soy sauce (Koikuchi type) was used as a comparative index. Since wheat bran is used in China as one of the principal raw materials, Chinese soy sauce contained higher glutamic acid and a little less lysine than that the Japanese product. Korean soy sauce was generally rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine because hydrolyzed vegetable protein was added as a supplementary material to the fermented sauce. The amino acid composition of the Chinese fish sauce was similar to that of the Japanese product, but the total amount was almost half.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (605K) -
任 恵峰, 林 哲仁, 遠藤 英明, 渡辺 悦生1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1937-1943
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOrganic acid and mineral concentrations were analyzed along with β-buffer capacity measurement to characterize Chinese and Korean soy and fish sauce. The organic acid composition of Chinese products resembled that of Japanese ordinary soy sauce (Koikuchi) and lactic and succinic acids formed about 70% of total organic acid. However, these two organic acids occupied less than half of the total amount in Korean products and volatile acids such as formic acid accounted for a considerable part. In Chinese soy sauce, the magnitude of the β-buffer capacity was parallel with sweetness and Umami, although saltiness and bitterness showed a counter correlation with the β-buffer capacity. Korean soy sauces showed almost the same curve as each other and no clear feature was observed with reference to their flavor. Small but distinct peaks, resulting from the presence of fish extractive constituents, were observed in the case of the fish sauce-buffer curve.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (576K) -
荒川 敏久, 竹内 俊郎, 渡邉 武1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1945-1949
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo feeding experiments were conducted to determine suitable levels of dietary starch and compare the availability of dietary gelatinized starch (α-) and raw starch (β-) as an energy source for juvenile striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex. Juveniles (initial body weight: 1.6g or 36g) were fed on 12 white fish meal based diets containing different amounts of α-starch (5-20%) and β-starch (10 and 15%) for 24 or 42 days.
In both experiments, the growth and feed efficiency were low in fish fed diets containing a 5% starch level. Growth performance together with feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were highest in fish fed a diet containing 15% α-starch, but further elevation of dietary α-starch levels did not result in better growth. On the other hand, growth and feed efficiency were lowest in fish fed a diet containing 15% β-starch, in spite of having the highest daily feed consumption. Replacement of two-thirds of α-starch with β-starch slightly improved the growth, but it was still far inferior to that of the α-starch based diets.
It is inferred that a suitable level of dietary starch is approximately 15% and that more than 50% of starch should be gelatinized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (304K) -
清水 延寿, 勝岡 正幸, 溝渕 重幸, 伊奈 和夫, 幹 渉1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1951
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (86K) -
後藤 利奈, 加戸 隆介, 村本 光二, 神谷 久男1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1953
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (120K) -
原田 勝彦, 宮崎 泰幸, 田村 幸吉1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1955
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (105K) -
Alam AKM Nowsad, 加納 哲, 丹羽 栄二1993 年 59 巻 11 号 p. 1957
発行日: 1993/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (779K)
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