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Volume 59, Issue 6
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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Naohiko Watanuki, Toru Iwashita, Gunzo Kawamura1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 919-924
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the catching mechanism of cuttlefish basket traps for Sepia esculenta, the catches of 1, 373 cuttlefish basket traps were analyzed for sex composition, and 917 cuttlefish were assessed for sexual maturity. Females were caught in significantly greater numbers (58%) than males, and the sex ratio (female/male) tended to increase between February and May. The observed frequency of traps with only male or only female catch did not follow Poisson's distribution. From one to a maximum of four females appeared in each of 292 traps, and 1-5 males in each of 114 traps. All males and the majority of the females were sexually mature from December to June, except for two females captured in December and January. Most but not all females carried spermatophores in the buccal area. Cuttlefish preferred to lay eggs at the front side of branches placed outside the traps rather than on the inside. These results indicate that spawning and mating behavior are not the only factors governing the entry of cuttlefish into traps, but that there are probably some other factors which are still unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Tetsuya Umino, Masa-atsu Otsu, Minoru Takaba, Heisuke Nakagawa1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 925-928
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to get basic information about runty fish which eventually result in the seed pro-duction process of red sea bream, some biological and biochemical characteristics were compared with moderately-grown and precocious-grown fish of the same lot and a similar growth stage.
Runty fish were characterized by a low muscle ratio and viscerosomatic index. Analytical results indicated that the runty fish lacked energy reserves such as protein, lipid, and triglycerides. On the other hand, the protein/DNA value and RNA/DNA ratios of runty fish also were lower, compared to the other groups. Low energy storage and protein synthesis of runty fish could be partly explained in terms of low food intake under the pressure of size hierarchy.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
Takuya Otani1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 929-932
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe settling condition and metamorphosis of megalops of the mud fiddler crab Uca arcuata were studied on the basis of a series of laboratory experiments. All the megalops on the emerged substrate succeeded in the metamorphose, but those on the submerged substrate showed less than 20% metamorphosing success. When the mud and sand substrates were provided in the emerged condition, megalops settled to make their own burrows and metamorphosed only on mud. Five types of substrates with different grain size compositions were provided to test burrow making and metamorphosing success. The survival rate of megalops was not different over the whole substrate, but metamorphosing success was significantly higher in the muddier sediment, while no metamorphosis occured in the sandy sediment. When the chance to meet an adequate substrate was manipulated, the megalops extended their pelagic phase and kept their metamorphosing ability for 20 days after molting.View full abstractDownload PDF (333K) -
Yoichi Miyanohana, Ken Ishii, Masahiko Furusawa1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 933-942
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe calibration of transducers of quantitative echo sounders is indispensable. Recently, metal spheres have been used to calibrate acoustic systems. The suitability of three kinds of material is examined for calibration spheres, and the following conclusions are derived at: (1) although highcarbon steel spheres are machined in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) with regard to hardness and size, the uniformity of the acoustic parameters is rather questionable; (2)copper spheres are good for calibration at lower frequencies, but it is difficult to use them for rather high frequencies; and (3) tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder is a superior material for all frequencies. Therefore, if any accurate size can be provided, the tungsten carbide is suitable for calibration spheres at any frequency. A group of tungsten carbide spheres is proposed for calibration spheres, whose diameters are 35.0mm, 38.1mm, 41.7mm, 45.0mm, 48.8mm, 50.0mm, 52.7mm, and 54.1mm. They can be used for echo-sounders operating at any frequency in the range of 10kHz-200kHz in the environmental conditions likely to be encountered.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Yoichi Miyanohana, Koichi Sawada, Yoshimi Takao, Masahiko Furusawa1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 943-950
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight echo-traces of single fish were analyzed to derive information on the fish. The data-base for these analyses was collected in situ using a dual-beam system, whose operating frequency was 38kHz, on board an anchored vessel. The swimming depth and the speed of the fish were estimated to be 56-97m and 0.7-1.7m/s, respectively. The evaluated swimming orientation ranged from 5 degrees downward to 10 degrees upward. The extracted maximum target strength was transformed to the fork length for each fish, using an empirical formula. Except for one trace, the estimated lengths were distributed in a range from 45.3 to 71.1cm. The lengths were in good agreement with the length-range of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) hooked at the anchored position. The maximum target strengths were observed in the aspect of only several degrees head-down. The measurements of tethered specimens also show that the maximum values were found in a similar aspect. In one exceptional case, however, the estimated fork length (104.3cm) was far longer than the maximum size of this species (70cm), and the maximum target strength was observed at the head-down aspect of 10 degrees. Therefore, this extraordinary fish may be a different species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Yoshihiro Ikewaki, Masaru Tanaka1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 951-956
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding habits of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae collected in the western part of Wakasa Bay were studied. Gut contents analysis was conducted on 393 larvae (from 2.3 to 7.9mm in notochord length) collected with an opening and closing bongo-type larva net (60cm diameter and 200μm mesh) from 12 May to 10 June 1986.
The percentage of larvae with foods (feeding incidence) was low (25%) at the first feeding stage (stage A), in which the larvae were mainly fed on small copepod nauplii and invertebrate eggs. Feeding incidence increased with development and reached over 90% at stage C. Associated with the increase in feeding incidence, an increase in the size and size range of prey was observed. Main food items also shifted to Appendicularia (Oikopleura spp.) and/or large copepod nauplii (mainly Calanus sp.).
The size of main prey organisms changed at each developmental stage. At stage B prey shifted from small copepod nauplii to the large Oikopleura spp. Japanese flounder larvae enlarged their prey gradually due to this prey selection.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Siti Shapor Siraj, Shingo Seki, Ang Kok Jee, Yukio Yamada, Nobuhiko Ta ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 957-962
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of genetic manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of gynogenetic fry of Puntius gonionotus were investigated. Gynogenesis was achieved by cold-and heat-shocking eggs fertilized with ultraviolet irradiated sperm of P. schwanenfeldii at various times after fertilization and at different duration intervals. 66.6% viable, gynogenetic fry were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 2°C for 5 minutes duration 1 minute after fertilization. At warm water temperature shocks the fertilized eggs performed best at 42°C, with percent survival rates of 20.0% 1 minute after fertilization for 1.0 minute duration and 17.2% and 14.7% 13 and 23 minutes after fertilization respectively for a duration of 1.5 minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
Hiroshi Kabasawa, Sadako Ooka-Souda, Fumio Takashima1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 963-966
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLocomotor activity rhythms in the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri were recorded by use of an electronic photo-switch system. The activity in the hagfish occurred in the dark period of a 12L:12D cycle even if the cycle was reversed.
Entrainability of the activity rhythm to the reversed LD cycle was also measured under dim light intensities of the light period. Defective phase-formations were produced when the light intensity fell as low as 5.96×10-3lx. The activity phase was no longer entrained by the LD cycle in the intensity of 2.53×10-3lx. It is estimated that the light intensities used in the experiments occur at depths of 100-150m of Sagami Bay, which the hagfish inhabits in summer. Thus, an external LD cycle, even with such dim light, might regulate locomotor activity in the hagfish under natural conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Masahiko Furusawa, Yoshimi Takao, Koichi Sawada, Terushi Okubo, Kyozo ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 967-980
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA versatile quantitative echo sounding system using dual beam has been developed for acoustic surveys of fishey resources. Some new techniques were applied to this system to improve accuracy and precision in estimating fish abundance. The transmitting and receiving system was designed under the principle of minimum errors. Absolute echo levels can be measured by a paper recorder and by a color display facilitating a quantitative understanding of targets. The dual beam signals are utilized not only for target strength measurement, but also for schooling density observation and for echo integration. The sounder has been successfully used for walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma surveys in the Bering Sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (2288K) -
Tooru Kobayashi, Noriyoshi Sakai, Shozo Fushiki, Yoshitaka Nagahama, M ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 981-989
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTesticular development and hormone levels of triploid males of rainbow trout were compared with those of diploid males during three consecutive seasons. Changes in the levels of serum sex steroid hormones (testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) and pituitary and serum gonadotropin in triploids were similar to those in diploids. Although meiotic division first occurred in the July testes of both triploids and diploids, subsequent spermatogenesis was markedly delayed in the testes of triploids. During the natural spermiating season, a large number of atretic figures of spermatogenic germ cells were found in the testes of triploids with a sudden decrease in the gonadosomatic index. The amount of sperm was markedly less in triploids than in diploids. Some necrotic cells were invested by hypertrophied Sertoli cells lining the inner wall of the lobular lumen. Taken together, these results suggest that the cause of abnormality of spermatogenesis in triploids is the disruption of meiosis due to the odd number of chromosome sets.View full abstractDownload PDF (2355K) -
Kazuo Uchida, Hiroshi Kuwada, Katsumi Tsukamoto1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 991-999
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome individuals of the red sea bream released in an experimental tank aggregated and tilted their bodies on the bottom, exhibiting dark stripes and stretching their fins. Such “tilting behaviour” was observed for longer times and higher ratios in larger fish groups (40mm in total length) than in smaller ones (12mm and 20mm TL). The recovery time from tilting behaviour was different among individuals in the same size group (80mm TL). The fish with a strong tendency to exhibit tilting behaviour, which exhibited tilting behaviour for longer times, were not eaten by 3+red sea bream (340-390mm TL), while the quicker recovering fish (with a weak tendency to exhibit the tilting behaviour) were eaten. A fish group with a stronger tendency to exhibit tilting behaviour in an experimental tank showed a higher rerapture rate (15.1%) when released in the field than fish with the weak tendency (8.9%). Tilting behaviour is regarded as a fear response to frightening stimuli and might be a predictive index for estimating fish quality and the stocking effectiveness of red sea bream juveniles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1547K) -
Satoru Yamauchi1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1001-1006
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of an antibacterial substance on the growth of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was investigated using various conditions for culture. Among the four antibacterial substances used (chemical substances for aquaculture on open sale), oxtetracyclin hydrochloride had the most significant effect when it was initially added into the culture medium at 20ppm. It is highly possible that increasing rotifer density in the batch culture was influenced by bacterial density due to the effects of antibacterial substances. This effect was confirmed in the mass batch culture, i.e. the maximum density reached 620 individuals per ml by the 11th day after the addition of oxytetracyclin hydrochloride into the medium at 20ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Makoto Shiba1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1007-1011
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMinced meat from several fish was ground with 3% NaCl and the salt ground meats were agitated under reduced pressure by employing a vacuum kneader. A portion of salt ground meat was seasoned by mixing with various additives including monosodium glutamate, and were treated under a vacuum as mentioned above.
The quality of the salt-ground meat as well as the seasoned salt-ground meat was assessed by investigating the gel strength of the kamaboko formed by applying joule heat or heating with a water thermobath.
It was thus found that the quality of the salt ground meat together with the seasoned salt-ground meat pretreated under a vacuum was relatively superior to that of the same materials without vacuum treatment, irrespective of the heating method. The relative reduction of myofibrillar protein concentration in the salt-ground materials may result in lowering its gel formation, because the dispersion of a large number of air bubbles was observed in a crosssection of the kamaboko seen under a microscope.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Eiji Niwa, Shiho Suzuki, Alam AKM Nowsad, Satoshi Kanoh1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1013-1016
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA protein band around that of crosslinked myosin heavy chain (CMHC) was investigated in the SDS-PAGE patterns for Alaska pollack mince dehydrated at 80°C for 4h and Pacific cod mince stored at -20°C for 30 days. The intensity of the band remaining around the top of the electrophoretic gel was increased by the above treatments of the minces. Proteins were extracted with 8M urea -2% SDS -2% 2-mercaptoethanol -20mM Tris-HCI (pH 8.0) from the top 5mm portion of the unstained gel after the SDS-PAGE of the minces. The bands were observed around the top of the gel, 205kDa, and 66kDa in the pattern for the extract from the former mince, and around the top, 170kDa, and 66kDa for that from the latter mince. The relative intensity of the band around the top was lowered by such repetition of extraction and following SDS-PAGE. From the results, it was presumed that myosin heavy chain, 170kDa protein, and 66kDa one were aggregated or confined by the network structure of CMHC in the minces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1687K) -
Alam AKM Nowsad, Satoshi Kanoh, Eiji Niwa1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1017-1021
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of various amine salts on the physico-chemical properties of suwari gel was investigated. Frozen Alaska pollack surimi was set at 30°C after grinding with various amounts of ammonium chloride (salt-0), primary amine hydrochloride (salt-I), secondary amine hydrochloride (salt-II), tertiary amine hydrochloride (salt-III), and quaternary am-monium chloride (salt-IV), along with sodium chloride, in which the total amount of the amine salt and sodium chloride was held at 0.5M. The decrease in the breaking force and breaking strain of the resulting suwari gel and the increase in its expressible water were especially remarkable by the addition of the salts 0 and I, but not so much by that of the other salts. The formation of the crosslinked myosin heavy chain (CMHC) during setting was suppressed by the former two salts but weakly suppressed by the other salts. The activity of muscle transglutaminase (TGase) in the suwari gel was inhibited by the former two salts but not inhibited by the other salts up to their mole fraction of 0.5. From the findings, it was presumed that there were factors, along with the TGase action, which might play a role in the crosslinking of myosin heavy chain during setting.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Yoshiaki Tanaka1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1023-1027
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKinetic studies on nitrification were performed to examine oxygen demand caused by oxidation of inorganic nitrogen. Kinetic parameters for the progress of nitrogen were determined from an N-BOD curve by modifying Lee's graphical method. Nitrification is defined as two distinct stages representing the oxidation of ammonium and nitrite. If the processes of the respective oxidation reactions are expressed as first order kinetics, a mathematical model of the progress of N-BOD can be expressed by using composite two first order kinetics. The rate constants in the first and second steps are 0.17-0.18/day and 0.19/day, respectively. Accordingly, it is considered that nitrification is a sluggish biochemical reaction. The N-BOD curve calculated from the sum of two first order kinetics agrees well with the observed data. The agreement between the theoretical oxygen demand calculated from a stoichiometric equation and experimental ultimate oxygen demand obtained from kinetic analysis is excellent for reactions in the first and second steps.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Pantip Suwansakornkul, Yoshiaki Itoh, Shunji Hara, Atsushi Obatake1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1029-1037
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gel-forming characteristics of unwashed and washed meat from three lizardfish species (maeso Saurida undosquamis, wanieso Saurida wanieso, and tokageeso Saurida elongata) were investigated at various heating temperatures from 30 to 80°C for 20 minutes and 2hours. Judging from evaluation of gel strength by tensiometer and a folding test accompanied by degradation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) by SDS-PAGE analysis, the gel degradation of unwashed meat gels occurred at 40, 60, and 70°C in tokageeso, while it occurred at 60 and 70°C in maeso and at 60°C in wanieso. Washing of meat did not improve the gel strength or MHC degradation of meat gel at 40°C in tokageeso or at 60°C in maeso. Moreover, washing of meat showed an enhancing effect on MHC degradation of maeso and wanieso meat gels at 40°C. These findings indicate that the gel-degrading factors (GDFs) which existed in these species were not only sarcoplasmic (Sp) and myofibrillar (Mf) type active at 60°C but also Mf type active at 40°C and Sp type active at 70°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1866K) -
Pantip Suwansakornkul, Yoshiaki Itoh, Shunji Hara, Atsushi Obatake1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1039-1045
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibitory effects of several selected proteinase inhibitors, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, antipain, E-64, NEM and EDTA, on myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation of unwashed and washed meat gels from three lizardfish species, maeso or true lizardfish Saurida undosquamis, wanieso Saurida wanieso, tokageeso or shortfin lizardfish Saurida elongata, were investigated in order to identify the proteolytic activities of gel-degrading factors (GDFs) existing in mat. It was apparent that the proteolytic activities of GDFs responsible for MHC degradation of meat gels from all species at 40°C resulted from two myofibril-associated (Mf) type proteinases, mainly of serine proteinase and slightly of cysteine proteinase. In addition, as indicated by the amino acid patterns obtained from TCA-soluble fraction of meat gels with the presence of various inhibitors, these proposed proteinases were not distinct in these three species. With regard to the MHC degradation at 60°C, the proteolytic activity present in GDFs of maeso, proposed as myofibril-associated gel degrading factors (Mf-GDFs), belonged to cysteine proteinase while that of wanieso and tokageeso were sarcoplasmic-type serine proteinases. The Mf-GDF corresponding to the MHC degradation at 60°C, which occasionally occurs in wanieso meat gel, showed the proteolytic activities of serine proteinase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1099K) -
Jo Shindo, Hitoshi Ichiki, Jun-ichi Nishimoto, Hidemasa Miki1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1047-1050
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heat of solidification by freezing of myosin B-0.6M KCl solution and of 0.6M KCl solution alone was determined by use of a water calorimeter. The experimental values thus obtained were 79.3 and 81.2 cal/g for myosin B and 0.6M KCl solutions, respectively. On the other hand, the heat of solidification of 0.6M KCl solution could be calculated from values of its water activity vs. temperature based on Fennema's equation as 75.4cal/g. Both the values for 0.6M KCl solution coincide within the limit of an experimental error of ca. 5cal/g. It was, therefore, assumed that the difference in experimental values for myosin B and 0.6M KCl solution were negligibly small. Furthermore, both solutions solidified at the same temperature. It was concluded that the value of heat of solidification for myosin B-0.6M KCl solution is the same as that for 0.6M KCl solution alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Masahiro Hayashi, Kyoji Toda, Takashi Yoneji, Osamu Sato, Shozaburo Ki ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1051-1058
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince Euglena gracilis incorporate and accumulate n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA), the fatty acid composition of the cells can be controlled by supplementation of the fatty acids into growth media. Rotifers and Artemia were enriched with Euglena that ac-cumulated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The DHA content of the rotifers fed on more than 100000 cells/ml of Euglena increased in 12 hours. Also, the feeding density of more than 100000 cells/ml gave an increase in the DHA content in Artemia. As for Artemia, however, DHA was degraded fast after 6 hours of enrichment.
A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary value of living feed enriched with Euglena. Rotifers and Artemia enriched with Euglena contained much more DHA than those enriched with Nannochloropsis or methyl esters of n-3 HUFA. The larval red sea bream fed on living feed containing more DHA showed higher activity in the activity test.
Thus, the dietary value of rotifers and Artemia to red sea bream was effectively improved by enrichment with Euglena. Euglena is expected to be profitable feed for the DHA enrichment of rotifers and Artemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Katsuyuki Hamasaki, Kishio Hatai1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1059-1066
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental infection was conducted in the eggs and larvae of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and the mud crab, Scylla serrata, through inoculation with zoospores of seven fungal strains belonging to the order Lagenidiales, which were isolated from eggs or larvae of these crabs cultured at Tamano Station of the Japan Sea-Farming Association, Okayama.
Fungal infection occurred in eggs and larvae as a result of inoculation with 102;-103; zoospores/ml and the water temperature influenced the infectivity of each strain. Judging from the infection rate, the pathogenicities of four strains belonging to three genera, Haliphthoros, Lagenidium, and Atkinsiella, were high. The fungal infection rate of the eggs decreased as their developmental stage progressed, and newly hatched larvae were most susceptible to fungal infection of all the different larval stages. Thus, it was thought that zoospores released from the infected eggs of an ovigerous female in a hatching tank caused fungal diseases in newly hatched larvae in the rearing tank. Consequently, to control the occurrence of fungal diseases in larval rearing tanks it is necessary to inhibit the transmission of the fungus from eggs to hatched larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
Katsuyuki Hamasaki, Kishio Hatai1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1067-1072
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to control fungal diseases caused by Lagenidiales in the eggs and larvae of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and the mud crab, Scylla serrata, experimental infection of the crabs' eggs within one day of spawning and one day before hatching was tested. The eggs were reared in seawater containing several different concentrations of formalin, followed by inoculation with zoospores of five virulent fungal strains belonging to the order Lagenidiales (each one strain of Haliphthoros, Sirolpidium, Atkinsiella and two strains of Lagenidium).
Bath treatment with 25ppm formalin was found to prevent the occurrence of fungal infection in eggs and newly hatched larvae. However, the bath treatment with 25ppm formalin is toxic to eggs up to one day after spawning, and also toxic to ovigerous females if they are treated for a longer period, so it was thought that the prevention of fungal infection by formalin bath treatment of eggs was not practical. On the other hand, hatching and newly hatched larvae did not show any changes by the same bath treatment. Consequently, the bath treatment with 25ppm formalin of newly hatched larvae in the hatching tank was concluded to be a practical method for inhibiting the occurrence of diseases caused by Lagenidiales in larval rearing tanks.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Masashi Ando, Haruhiko Toyohara, Yutaka Shimizu, Morihiko Sakaguchi1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1073-1076
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the structural change involved in the post-mortem tenderization of fish muscle, histological study was performed for yellowtail, flatfish, red sea bream, and tiger puffer. After decapitation, each fish was stored at 5°C and the change in breaking strength was measured. Histological observation was performed by using a light microscope for the stored muscles after compression at 100g/cm2 for 10sec. Muscle tenderization was demonstrated for yellowtail, flatfish, and red sea bream, but not for tiger puffer. Detachment of muscle fibers by compression was observed to be dependent on the storage time for yellowtail and flatfish. In the case of red sea bream, the compression condition employed in the present study was so strong that the detachment of muscle fibers were demonstrated even immediately after death. In contrast, in the case of tiger puffer, detachment of muscle fibers after compression was hardly observed 72h after death. These results suggest that the weakening of the pericellular connective tissue detected by compression causes tenderization of muscles during chilled storage.View full abstractDownload PDF (2652K) -
I.α-Globin Gene Structure of No. 3, No. 6, and No. 7Masato Miyata, Ikuo Hirono, Takashi Aoki1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1077-1083
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven kinds of α-globin genes were isolated from the genomic library of carp Cyprinus carpio chromosomal DNA. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequences of three carp α-globin genes (Nos. 3, 6, and 7) were determined. These carp genes had analogue with the arrangement of trans-lated, untranslated, and intervening sequences of the vertebrate α-globin gene, i.e. two intervening sequences interrupting the coding region into three parts. The coding region of exon 1, 2, and 3 in Nos. 3, 6, and 7 were 95 base pair (bp), 208bp, and 129bp, respectively. The first and second intervening sequences of No. 3 were 159bp and 96bp in length, respectively. The intervening sequences of No. 6 were 179bp and 99bp, and of No. 7 159bp and 92bp in length, respectively. In the 5'- and 3'-untranslated region, sequences homologous with the consensus sequence of the signals for expression were observed. The individuality of the nucleotide sequences suggests that the carp α-globin genes constitute a family structure. The amino acid residues of the predicted carp α-globin concern quaternary structure were extremely conserved with other vertebrate, e.g., human, duck, and frog.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Masako Sato, Seiichi Hayashi, Daiichi Kakimoto1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1085-1091
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRadioactive thiamin, C-2 of thiazole labeled with 14C, was parenterally administered to carp. After 24h, thiamin, its phosphate esters and thiazole in the eleven kinds of tissues and in the water of the aquarium, were fractionated by SP-Sephadex C25, and their radioactivities were measured. The radioactive thiamin was used to synthesize thiamin phosphate esters, mostly thiamin diphosphate (TDP), retained as a free form of thiamin, or decomposed to thiazole. The ratios of 14C-TDP to the total incorporated radioactivity in the ordinary muscle, kidney, and red muscle were 47, 42, and 34%, respectively. The eye tissue contained 14C-thiamin corresponding to over 50% of total incorporated radioactivity, which was very different from the other tissues. The ratios of 14C-thiazole, a decomposed product of 14C-thiamin, was highest in the kidney, followed by the gill and the heart. Furthermore, the amount of 14C-thiazole excreted into the water of the aquarium was ten times more than that in these tissues. To ascertain whether thiazole was truly produced by tissue such as liver, 14C-thiamin was added to cultured carp hepatocytes, and the radioactivities were analyzed both in the cell and in the medium by the same method. After 24h incubation, 14C-thiazole was mainly found in the medium, while no production of 14C-thiazole was observed in control experiments, in which 14C-thiamin was added to the cells treated with trichloroacetic acid or to the medium without hepatocytes. Furthermore, cultured hepatocytes produced 14C-TDP corresponding to 71% of total radioactivity incorporated in the cells. These results indicate that thiazole is produced by carp liver in vivo, and thiamin phosphate esters, especially TDP, are also synthesized from thiamin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Yasuhiro Funatsu, Noboru Kato, Ken-ichi Arai1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1093-1098
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSardine surimi which contained only sugar was ground with 2.5% NaCl. The pH of salt-ground meat was fixed at 7.0 or 6.0 with dilute NaOH or lactic acid and incubated at 25°C for setting, followed by at 90°C for 20 min to prepare setting-heating gel. Breaking strength and breaking strain as well as the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain (HC) of the setting and setting-heating gels were investigated as a function of setting time.
The breaking strength as well as the breaking strain of setting and setting-heating gels formed by setting at pH6.0 were lower than those of the gels formed by setting at pH7.0.
A decrease in the amount of myosin HC with a concomitant formation of cross-linked myosin HC of the salt-ground meat at pH6.0 was small compared to the case at pH7.0. However the contents of myosin HC and cross-linked myosin HC of both setting gels were practically unchanged during the Subsequent heating at 90°C.
Discussion was made on the type of intermolecular force of myofibrillar protein formed in the setting and setting-heating gels.View full abstractDownload PDF (1047K) -
Kazuo Shiomi, Masatoshi Hosaka, Takeaki Kikuchi1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1099
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (114K) -
Haruhiko Toyohara, Masato Kinoshita, Ikuo Kimura, Mikio Satake, Morihi ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 1101
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1072K)
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