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Volume 60 (1994)
- Issue 6 Pages 713-
- Issue 5 Pages 569-
- Issue 4 Pages 433-
- Issue 3 Pages 311-
- Issue 2 Pages 143-
- Issue 1 Pages 7-
Volume 60, Issue 2
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Tatsuo Hamano1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 143-145
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Shuichi Satoh1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 147-152
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Teisuke Miura1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Noboru Kato1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 159-165
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Taisei Kumazawa, Shuichi Kutsuwa, Munechika Ishizaki, Shigeru Fuwa, Ta ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 167-171
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigates the relationship between drag coefficient of plane nets and Reynolds number. Thirteen kinds of twisted knotless nettings were used for the experiment, out of which seven kinds used the same twine diameter with different mesh sizes, and the other six used the same mesh size with different twine diameters.
Each plane net was fixed on a U-shaped frame to keep the meshes square. The nets were set in a flume tank normal to the flow direction while monitoring the mean velocity, and the drag was measured using a three-component tension meter and the results stored in a computer for analysis.
The induced velocity was used to calculate C´D(90), R´e(d) was based on the induced velocity, and the twine diameter was used as a representative length.
The drag coefficient (C´D(90)) can be expressed by the following equation;
C´D(90)=20.33/R´e(d)+0.33
The results obtained agreed well with the experimental values.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Mitsuharu Toba, Yoshifumi Miyama1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 173-178
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSManila clams Ruditapes philippinarum of 16.1-36.0mm in shell length, collected from Tokyo Bay, were divided into 5 size groups every 4.0mm (groups A to E) and conditioned for 100 days at 18°C with supplementary feeding of cultured microalgae Pavlova lutheri. Groups A and B were estimated to be almost 0 yr old by previous investigation; group C, 0-1 yr; group D, 1 yr; group E, ≥ 1 yr. In the experiment, sampled clams were subjected to thermal spawning stimuli at intervals of 14-15 days. In each size group, gonads developed to a ripe stage as the condition factor was continuously increased, and spawning was successfully induced on and after 72 days. The relative growth rate reduced with increasing clam size. The histological ripe stage was attained earlier in large size groups and the number of eggs released per spawned female reached a maximum at day 100 in groups A to C, at day 86-100 in group D, and at day 86 in group E. Small clams at 0 yr old (groups A and B) could produce as many eggs per soft tissue weight as larger clams at ≥ 1 yr (groups D and E). No significant differences in egg diameter, percent fertilization, and larval survival from straight-hinge to pediveliger stage were observed between clam size groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Zi-hua Wu, Takahiro Ohnishi, Tosio Misima, Katsuyasu Tachibana, Mutsuy ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 179-183
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change of resting metabolism (RM) with rapid lowering of water temperature was studied in cultured red sea bream Pagrus major acclimatized at 25 and 15°C.
The RM decreased with rapid lowering of water temperature from the habitat temperature to the range 10-9°C in the 15°C group (the group acclimatized to 15°C) and to the range 15-13°C in the 25°C group (the group acclimatized to 25°C). However, after RM reached the minimum level as the water temperature was lowered, the metabolism of both groups increased contrary to expectation. The inflection temperature of the 15°C group was lower than that of the 25°C group. However, the minimum level of RM showed no significant difference between the two groups.
The temperature dependence of RM in the 15°C group was significantly larger than that in the 25°C group within the range from the habitat temperature to the inflection temperature. On the other hand, the reaction temperature dependence of Mf Mg2+-ATPase activity in the 15°C group was larger than that in the 25°C group within the same range of RM. This result of the reaction temperature dependence of Mf Mg2+-ATPase activity coincided with that of RM.
We consider that the increase of metabolism in low temperature water might be caused by the increasing Ca2+ concentration around myofibrils.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Zhenlin Liang, Ko Matuda, Tadashi Tokai1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 185-191
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the fish behavior model proposed by Matuda and Sannomiya was extended to behavior for the netting wall and reverse structure which are important substructures in set-nets. This model assumes that the netting wall releps fish like the walls of a water tank and that the center of reverse structure attracts fish. The swimming behavior of fish to the netting wall and reverse structure in an octagonal water tank was recorded by a video tape recorder. In this experiment, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Japanese dace Tribolodon hakonensis were used. The model parameters were estimated by applying the least-squares algorithm to time-series data of fish positions obtained from the water tank experiment. The validity of the model was confirmed from the fact that the swimming trajectory of fish in the simulation was similar to that in the experiment. The swimming area of the school of fish was greatly reduced by setting the net structure in the water tank. However, this did not significantly change the non-dimensional model parameters except the propulsive force for Japanese dace. The value of the repulsive force against the netting wall was not larger than that against the wall of the water tank.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Chang-Doo Park, Ko Matuda, Tadashi Tokai1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 193-199
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the relationship between the surface flow and stall on the flat plates in relation to angle of attack, and discusses the effect of the bottom on the flow. Two flat plates (aspect ratio λ=0.5 and 1.5) were used for flow visualization by the tuft method in a circulating water tank. Thin nylon twine tufts were attached to the suction side of the flat plate surface. The results show that as the angle of attack (a) increased, the separation from the leading edge also increased, extending laterally towards the trailing edge of the suction side. When the suction side was completely covered by the separation, the flat plate was stalled. In the case of λ=0.5, the suction side in free stream did not completely separate until the angle of attack reached a=40°, however, there was already complete separation on the bottom even at a=30°. When λ=1.5, the rate of separation in free stream was almost the same as that on the bottom.View full abstractDownload PDF (1291K) -
Shigeru Fujieda, Yasuhisa Matsuno, Yuichi Yamanaka, Yong-jin Chung1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 201-205
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper describes the period change, power, and continuation time of swimming sounds by fish. The underwater sounds measured in net cages at the Hayato culture ground were analyzed with the zero-crossing method.
The results show that: 1) the swimming sound of fish schools had periods from 4ms to 100ms; 2) histograms of zero-cross periods for yellowtail and amberjack were sharp with one mode; red sea bream, mode with a shoulder; amberjack, bimode; and tiger puffer, mode; 3) high-speed swimming sounds by large-size fish consisted of pulse waves of narrow-range periods; 4) the swimming sounds of small and/or altering-speed fish largely changed in period; 5) the present method makes. it possible to separate swimming sounds of fish from ambient noise and to detect small power swimming sounds by fish such as tiger puffers.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Kenji Yoshimura, Chikara Kitajima, Yoshitsugu Miyamoto, Genji Kishimot ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 207-213
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the factors inhibiting the growth of rotifer (S-type) in high density cultivation, a series of experiments were conducted, cultivating rotifer in 30l and 1kl vessels by feeding condensed Chlorella.
Although there was no difference in the maximum population of rotifer in the culture experiments at different temperatures of 24, 28, and 32°C, the growth rate increased as the culture temperature increased.
In the cultivation system supplied with air, the maximum rotifer population did not exceed 4, 000-5, 000 individuals/ml because oxygen levels were restricted due to the accumulation of undissociated ammonia. Feeding oxygen gas to the rotifer culture system enabled high density cultivation with a population of 20, 000 individuals/ml. In such an oxygen-rich culture system, the concentration of undissociated ammonia is considered to be the main factor inhibiting the growth of rotifer.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
Tohru Mukai, Noritatsu Sano, Kohji Iida, Seiji Sasaki1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 215-222
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe target strength (TS) of fish varies with acoustic frequency, fish size, fish activity, orientation, swimbladder and so on. Among these, the swimbladder is recognized as having the most important effect on TS. The dorsal aspect TS as a function of tilt angle of fish caught by bottom trawling in the East China Sea was measured at two frequencies (25 and 100 kHz). The swimbladder sizes (length and height) and inclination angle of the swimbladder to the lateral line of the fish were measured by X-ray photographs. TS and swimbladder data were then compared and analyzed, and the following results were obtained:
(1) The eight species of fish, except the silver pomfret, have swimbladders, but the angle and size of the swimbladder varies.
(2) For bladder fish, the angle of the maximum dorsal aspect TS agrees with the broadside direction of the swimbladder.
(3) The dorsal aspect TS of the silver pomfret is clearly lower than that of bladder fish at the two frequencies.
(4) The maximum and averaged dorsal aspect TS values of the silver pomfret, were lower by about 7-8 dB, 8-10 dB at 25 kHz, and by 8-10 dB, 9-11 dB at 100 kHz than two other bladder fish (yellow sea bream and whitefin crevalle).View full abstractDownload PDF (621K) -
Tohru Mukai, Noritatsu Sano, Kohji Iida, Seiji Sasaki1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 223-227
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dorsal aspect target strength (TS) of four live swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus were measured at 25kHz and 100kHz in Cheju port (Korea). Probability density functions (PDF), i.e., Rayleigh PDF and Rice PDF, were fitted to the distribution of backscattering amplitude from the live swimming crab. The following results were obtained:
(1) TS was more dispersed at 100kHz than at 25kHz.
(2) The PDFs of the backscattering amplitude agree approximately with Rice PDF at 25kHz and with Rayleigh PDF at 100kHz.
(3) The Rice parameter γ tends to decrease with increasing carapace length, carapace width and acoustic frequency.
(4) The averaged TS <TS>, estimated from PDFs, is about 2dB higher at 25kHz than at 100kHz.
(5) Mean values of averaged target strength B, which is normalized with respect to body weight, are -52.5dB at 25kHz, -54.9dB at 100kHz. These values agree approximately with those of bladder fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
Hiroyuki Okouchi, Shuichi Kitada, Taizo Morioka, Shigeo Imamura1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 229-233
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper evaluates the difference in quality of red sea bream fingerlings reared by different methods. We released two groups of fingerlings to the same fishing ground at the same time in the Seto Inland Sea. One group had been reared in net cages and the other had been conditioned with food in the sea around the net cages. We estimated mortality rates simultaneously from two series of tag recoveries and obtained the maximum likelihood estimates for four models with constant fishing and natural mortality rates. The correlation coefficient between the two recoveries was estimated to be more than 0.9, and the likelihood ratio test rejected the hypothesis of no difference in the two groups (p ?? 0.01). We found that fingerlings reared in net cages had higher mortality rates and a stronger tendency toward schooling than those reared in the wild. This paper also discusses methods for obtaining high survival rates after release.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
Shuichi Kitada, Hiroyuki Okouchi1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 235-240
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper proposes a simulation model to evaluate the contribution of hatchery-releases to fishery management strategies. Reproductive relations are introduced to a yield-per-recruit model. We applied the model to red seabream fisheries in two areas. In the eastern Seto Inland Sea, a strategy of releasing one million fingerlings while reducing fishing by small trawlers was recommended by common consent. In western Kyushu, a strategy of releasing two million fingerlings while prohibiting the fishing of 0 yrs old wild juveniles for aquaculture seeds, and reducing the number of fishing days per week was proposed. The effects of the model assumptions on the simulation results are discussed with reference to other models.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K) -
Hiroko Watanabe, Hideaki Yamanaka, Hiroshi Yamakawa1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 241-246
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in content of glucose, D-, L-lactic acids, and other organic acids were investigated in the adductor muscle and the rim of the foot muscle of juvenile disk abalone exposed to air, after being fed with “arame” Eisenia bicyclis, “tunomata” Chondrus ocellatus, or starved for 46 days.
Mortalities of 36 h air-exposed disk abalone which were fed with arame, tunomata, or starved were 90%, 66%, and 33%, respectively. During exposure to air, glucose, D-lactic acid and succinic acid increased most remarkably in the muscle of disk abalone fed with arame. The level of D-lactic acid was closely related to mortality. Increased values of glucose and D-lactic acid in the muscle of air-exposed disk abalone fed with arame decreased most slowly when returned to seawater. It was elucidated that foods and starvation influenced significantly the tolerance to hypoxia. D-Lactic acid appeared to be a useful index for the physiological conditions of disk abalone.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Ken-ichi Kawasaki, Tooru Ooizumi, Seishi Hayashi, Kenji Hayashi1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 247-251
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid content and composition of the liver of firefly squid Watasenia scintillans from the Sea of Japan were investigated. The amount of liver lipids of firefly squid increased from March to April and then decreased in May or June. From March to July the liver of firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained a larger amount of lipids than that from Wakasa Bay. The liver lipids of firefly squid were characterized by high levels of triglycerides (60.9-72.7%) with small amounts of other components. The lipid class composition was more or less constant in spite of the differences in the fishing ground and season. The component fatty acids of liver lipids consisted of saturates (22.4-26.4%), monoenes (37.5-45.6%), and polyenes (29.9-37.8%). The major fatty acids were palmitic (13.6-16.3%), palmitoleic (6.5-9.2%), oleic (16.3-21.5%), eicosenoic (5.3-9.3%), eicosapentaenoic (13.0-20.0%), and docosahexaenoic (7.6-12.3%) acids. Firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained higher percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid than that from Wakasa Bay. The seasonal change in the eicosapentaenoic acid level was coincident with that of the lipid contents in the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Hiroyasu Oka, Yoshinobu Hiraoka, Tadaaki Kan, Kazuhito Ono, Junichiro ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 253-258
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dried product of anchovy was prepared by vacuum-frying cooking in the following manner: salting, desalting in running water, drying in an air-flow, and frying under vacuum conditions (60mmHg, 100°C, 5-7min). During the preparation of the dried product, the myofibrillar protein subunit composition was determined by using SDS-PAGE and the quality of the dried product was evaluated by its appearance and elasticity. It was thus found that the cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain proceeded rapidly at the salting stage and slowly at subsequent stages. In addition, the rate and extent of cross-linking of myosin heavy chain seemed to affect the quality of the final product through the vacuum-frying cookingView full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Akihide Takiguchi, Masako Yamaguchi1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 259-264
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of repeated use of seasoning pickle on the quality of mirinboshi, the seasoned and dried anchovy Engraulis japonica, was investigated. Anchovies were soaked in the seasoning pickle, a water solution of sugar and salt, which had been repeatedly used 10, 20, and 30 times, then sun-dried. After each use, the seasoning pickle was supplemented with the proper amounts of sugar and salt.
Total-N, amino acid-N, free amino acid, and inosinic acid concentrations of the seasoning pickle increased as the number of times of use increased, and brown color of the seasoning pickle also deepened. The losses of water soluble components such as free amino acids, inosinic acid, and other nitrogenous components from anchovy meat seem to be higher freshly prepared seasoning pickle than to the repeatedly used pickle. When the seasoning pickle was repeatedly used, therefore, the concentrations of extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, and inosinic acid in the final mirinboshi products were fairly high compared with those processed using freshly prepared pickle. Also, the products were tinged deep brown, which resulted in high stability to lipid oxidation, as evaluated from the POV and fatty acid composition of the lipids during storage at -20°C.
These results suggest that the repeated use of seasoning pickle is very effective for improving the flavor, color, luster, and stability against lipid oxidation in mirinboshi.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Tateo Fujii, Mayumi Matsubara, Yoshiaki Itoh, Masayo Okuzumi1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 265-270
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the effect of microbes on the formation of amino acids during the ripening of squid shiokara, changes in the viable cell counts in 2.5% and 10% NaCl-BPG medium, 10% NaCl-PDA medium, and 10% NaCl-LBS medium, and amino acid contents etc. during ripening at 20°C were compared to shiokara containing 10% NaCl with and without antibiotics.
Though the viable cell counts in the shiokara without antibiotics markedly increased during the ripening in contrast to those with antibiotics, neither the total nor the individual amounts of amino acids significantly differed between the samples, suggesting that microbes have a slight effect on the formation of amino acids.
The initial bacterial flora of the shiokara without antibiotics were dominated by Staphylococcus, irrespective of the medium used for counting. The dominant flora in the later stage of ripening, however, differed depending on the media: Staphylococcus dominated on the 2.5% NaCl-BPG medium, while Micrococcus dominated and Streptococcus appeared in the deteriorating stage on the 10% NaCl-BPG medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
1994 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 305
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (23K)
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