日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
61 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の26件中1~26を表示しています
  • 林 周, 道津 光生, 太田 雅隆
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cutaway and surface reading methods to count the number of opaque zones of sagittae were compared to test the reliability of aging marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus taken off Kyushu, Japan. A total of 175 specimens was examined with the two different methods. The maximum number of opaque zones recognized by the surface reading method was seven, as compared to eleven by the cutaway method. The difference in counts of opaque zones between the two methods increased with the increasing counts by the cutaway method. The opaque zone recognized by the cutaway method proved to be formed once a year. The annual formation of the opaque zone was also supported by the yearly shift of dominant year class. These results suggest that the conventional surface reading method is inadequate to age S. marmoratus, because of its underestimation.
  • 太田 博巳, 楠田 聡, 工藤 智
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 7-12
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Anadromous shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus returns to rivers a few days before spawing. Fish were caught in the mouth of rivers in Hokkaido, Japan. Artifical insemination in the smelt by the dry method is difficult because the semen collected through abdominal pressure is scanty. First, we compared sperm motility between ejaculated semen spermatozoa and spermatozoa in testicular semen, and verified the insignificant differences in the duration of sperm motility and percent motility of them. Secondly, we examined the motility of tesicular spermatuzoa in various artificial solutions in order to determine the adequate constitution of testicular semen diluent. The spermatozoa were motile in NaCl and mannitol solutions at osmolalities between 0 to 400mOsm/kg. In KCl solution, they were motile at 200mOsm/kg and below, but the motility was remarkably lower than that in NaCl solution. The duration and number of moving spermatozoa decreased as the KCl concentration in the artificial testicular fluid increased, and motility was almost inhibited when the KCl concentration was over 25mM. In this case, the concentration of K+ was approximately twice as high as those of testicular fluid (12.5mM), obtained by centrifugation of testicuar semen, or seminal plasma (11.0mM). It was concluded that artificial testicular fluid containing 25 mM KCl is an efficient testicular semen diluent for the shishamo smelt.
  • 島野 顕継, 渡邊 精一
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 13-20
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fish propagation program that produces fish to be released into natural bodies of water is dramatically increasing. The swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is one of the most valuable species for fisheries. The simulation model was constructed to evaluate the optimal stocking strategy for the swimming crab.
    The simulation process was formed by the six components, the swimming crab, the prey of the crab Musculus senhousia, two competitors (Portunus sanguinolentus and Charybdis japonica), and two predators (the gobies and the hermit crabs). The population growth of the mussel was assumed to obey the logistic equation. The crabs decreased by natural mortality (competition, predation, and cannibalism) and fishing, but increased by reproduction and releasing juveniles.
    The results of our simulation showed that the exists an optimal day to release the crabs in order to get the maximum catch in weight. The crabs grew larger when they were released early in the year. In combination with the releasing day and number, we could get the optimal day for the target catch amount.
  • 韓 慶男, 荘 恒源, 松井 誠一, 古市 政幸, 北島 力
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 21-26
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In three separate experiments, the effects of salinity on growth, survival rate, and feed efficiency of the puffer fish Takifugu rubripes were studied under laboratory conditions.
    Juveniles of 10.5±1.0mm (Exp. I), young of 37±3.5mm (Exp. II), and immature fish of 97±3.8mm (Exp. III) were reared at salinity levels of 12.8-32.0‰, 10.0-35.0‰, and 5.0-30.0‰, respectively.
    In Exp. I, the maximal growth performance, survival rate, and feed efficiency were observed among the groups of fish reared at higher levels of salinity (25.6-32.0‰).
    A significant high (p<0.05) in young fish (Exp. II) was obtained at the lower salinity level of 10.0‰. Poor growth was seen among the groups of fish reared at higher levels indicating a converse relation between growth and salinity.
    In Exp. III, the optimum salinity for growth was estimated to be 15.0‰. A gradual decrease of growth were observed at lower salinities below this level.
    These results indicate that the optimum salinity changes drastically through the early stages, and clearly reflects the habitat transits of this species under a natural environment.
  • 飯田 浩二, 向井 徹, 黄 斗〓, 早川 知子, 松山 幸浩
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 27-34
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The distribution and behavior of so-called spawing walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma around Funka Bay were investigated during the acoustic survey by the R/V “Ushio Maru” in late 1993.
    Three types of echo, namely, near surface echo patches, near bottom echo patches and the sound scattering layer (SSL) in the middle layer, were recorded on the echogram of the dual frequency quantitative echo sounder.
    Hydrographic data by CTD observation showed that cold and less salty water mass below 5°C and 33.5 layers on the bottom of the shelf of Oshima Peninsula then formed a water front along the boundaries to surrounded the warmer and more salty waters.
    By comparing the hydrographic and acoustic dana, the sound scattering layer appeared along the water front and demersal echo patches were found in great numbers in the cold water mass, Activity of fishing boats and hydrographic conditions in this area suggested that the demersal echo patches were the schools of walleye pollock which were migrating for spawning and the sound scattering layer consisted of zooplankton aggregation in the water front.
    Distribution of the echograms indicated that the height of fish schools were 1 to 4 meters and the SV of the echo were about -65 to -60 dB. The density of the schools of walleye pollock along the transects were 5.8 in November to 8.1 shoals/nautical mile in December, respectively.
  • 松山 幸彦, 永井 清仁, 水口 忠久, 藤原 正嗣, 石村 美佐, 山口 峰生, 内田 卓志, 本城 凡夫
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 35-41
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Large-scale red tides of Heterocapsa sp. (Dinophyceae) occurred in Ago Bay during the summer and autumn of 1992. The seawater was discolored to yellow brown, and the maximum cell density was 87, 420 cells/ml. The summer red tide occurred from mid to late August, and the autumn red tide from late October to late November. Water temperatures and the salinities were 23.8 to 26.9 °C and 33.2 to 33.4 during the summer red tide, and 16.9 to 22.2 °C and 30.5 to 32.2 during the autumn red tide. Thus, Heterocapsa sp. can form red tides over a wide range of water temperature. The autumn red tide developed slowly as compared to the summer one. This may be due in part to the lower water temperature in autumn. Both red tides were preceded by heavy rainfall and/or vertical mixing of the seawater associated with a typhoon. It is suggested that these physical events promoted and supported the growth of this species. The red tides caused mass mortality of pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata); however, mortalities of cultured and feral fish were not observed. During the red tides, pearl oysters closed their shells tightly and died despite the high concentration of dissolved oxygen. This is the first report of Heterocapsa sp. red tides causing mass mortaliy of pearl oysters in Japan.
  • 黄 斗〓, 飯田 浩二, 向井 徹
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 43-50
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper discusses methods for the stable bottom detection and the optimum bottom offset which enable to separate the fish echoes from the bottom echoes with echo integration of demersal fish.
    In preprocessing of the echo signal, the bottom detection has to be done stably against the fluctuation of echo level and the bottom offset has to be set to a minimum height such that near bottom fish echoes are included.
    Two methods of bottom detection, namely echo level threshold method and maximum echo slope method were compared and analyzed. The echo level method works well if the ideal threshold level was given but it sometimes misses the bottom because of the fluctuation of the echo. Another method to detect the bottom which uses maximum echo slope indicates the simple and stable bottom detection.
    In addition, the bottom offset has to be set near to the bottom but not to include the bottom echo. Optimum bottom offset should be set a few samples before the detected bottom echo which relates the beginning of pulse shape and acoustic beam pattern to the bottom feature.
  • 滝口 明秀
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 51-57
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hydrolysis and oxidation of the lipids were compared between roasted and unroasted seasoned-dried products of filefish Novodon modestus during storage. These roasted and unroasted samples were stored at 20, 0, -20, and -30°C for 150 days, and at appropriate intervals, analyzed for L, a, and b values, oxygen absorption, lipid class composition, acid value, absorbance of diluted total lipids (TL) at 440nm and fatty acid composition of TL.
    With the unroasted products stored at temperatures higher than -20°C, the ratios of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to total saturated fatty acids of TL gradually decreased, and acid values, PV and percentages of free fatty acids of TL increased to some extent. This indicates the occurrence of hydrolysis and oxidation of TL during storage. The roasting process caused slight decreases in percentages of PUFA of TL in seasoned-dried products and tinged the products brown. The roasted samples showed no serious deterioration of lipids during storage for 150 days regardless of the storage temperature up to 20°C.
    From these results, it has been suggested that the stabilization of the lipids against hydrolysis and oxidation in roasted seasoned-dried products were mainly due to heat inactivation of endogenous lypolytic enzymes and the formation of brown pigments by Maillard reaction during the roasting process.
  • 河津 大輔, 田中 みさ子, 藤井 建夫
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 59-69
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The increase in the ratios of Bifidobacterium in the rat cecum by the intake of susabinori, Porphyra yezoensis, has been demonstrated. In the present study, we examined in vitro the ability of various intestinal bacteria to Ferment polysaccharides (xylan/mannan, porphylan, and floridean starch) extracted from susabinori, and the effects of these polysaccharides on the microfiora and metabolic products in the cecum of rats. Both xylan/mannan and porphylan were fermented by a few strains of intestinal bacteria, and floridean starch was fermented by many intestinal bacteria, except for Eubacterium. The cecum microfeora of rats was changed by the administration of xylan/mannan or porphylan added to diets and the number of Bifidobaterium increased by xylan/mannan. On the other hand, by administrating 1.0% porphylan, the total viable count, particularly that of Bifidobacterium, decreased. The pH of the cecum contents dropped by xylan/mannan or porphylan. Microflora and metabolic products were not significa-ntly changed by floridean starch. These results suggest that dietary fiber of susabinori influences the intestinal environment and each constituent dietary fiber shows a different function.
  • 飯塚 俊輔, 望月 義範, 小川 廣男, 水野 治夫, 磯 直道
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 71-74
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The salt contents of salmon meat linearly increased from 0.8% raw meat to 4.4% after 14-day's salting process at 15 wt% NaCl addition. From the DSC analysis, it became clear that the denaturation of the meat mainly occurred on myosin by salting. As the denaturation proceeds, the enthalpy change, ΔH (mcal/mg of meat) of 0.999 rapidly decreased to 0.646 for 1-day salting and then gradually decreased to 0.567 for a 14-day salting. Elastic modulus (E), viscosity, and rupture strength of meat decreased by 1-day salting, but they increased during salting. The temperature dependence of dynamic rigidity (G'), of the salmon meat pastes, suggests that the gelation occurred at ca. 58°C. The phenomena of disintegration (“himodori”) were observed on the smples excepts those of 1st day and after 10 days. The reason that has been considered is said to be due to the network structure of salt soluble proteins that were not yet formed in the 1st day's sample, and that polymerization of heavy chains of myosin proceeded in the samples after 10 days.
  • 来住 晃, 伊藤 慶明, 小畠 渥
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 75-80
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The polymer of protein through SS bonding on the top of 5% SDS-PAGE gel was found to be made up of only a myosin heavy chain from the analysis of two-step SDS-PAGE, and from the results it was a dimer, trimer, tetramer, and above-decamer with 1.8% SDS-PAGE gel. The polymerization was suppressed in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, dithiothreitol, or EDTA. The polymerization of myosin light chains as well as myosin heavy chain was promoted in the presence of transition ion (Cu+, Cu2+), while Ca2+ and Mg2+ did not affect the polymerization.
    From the above results, it was made clear that the polymerization of protein through SS bonding during the heating of myosin is the reaction that the SH groups of myosin heavy chain are oxidized in the presence of catalysts such as copper ion, and contribute to the smooth and swift formation of the polymer larger than decamer.
  • 望月 聡, 高橋 美香, 山元 亜弥子
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 81-84
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Male Wistar rats, starved for 24 hours, were given a glucose solution with a stomach tube to provide 250mg of glucose per 100g of body weight. Blood samples were collected after intubation and blood glucose was measured. The time course of blood glucose concentration after an administration of glucose solution containing “kajime” powder changed more gently than that of glucose solution alone. The degree of the effect depended on the amount of “kajime”. Secretion of insulin was also depressed by the administration of “kajime”. We concluded that “kajime” had blood glucose-and serum insulin-flattening activity. The delay of gastric emptying was assumed to be one of main factors in the activity.
  • 川崎 賢一, 舩津 保浩, 伊藤 裕佳子
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 85-86
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 藤井 建夫, 山口 勝己, 菅原 庸
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 87
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 藤井 建夫
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 89-90
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 木村 凡
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 91-92
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 和田 俊
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 93-94
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 岡 弘康
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 95-96
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 横山 理雄
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 97-98
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 能登谷 正浩
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 99
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 名畑 進一
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 101-102
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 桐原 慎二
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 103-104
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 能登谷 正浩
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 105-106
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 前川 行幸
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 107-108
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 木村 創
    1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 109-110
    発行日: 1995/01/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1995 年 61 巻 1 号 p. 135
    発行日: 1995年
    公開日: 2008/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
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