日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
61 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の33件中1~33を表示しています
  • 奥澤 公一
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 473-476
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原田 泰志
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 477-480
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 佐藤 健司
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 481-484
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 長谷川 英一
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 485-489
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 藤田 孝夫
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 490-493
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 竹内 照文, 小久保 友義, 辻 泰俊, 本城 凡夫
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 494-498
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cell densities of Gymnodinium mikimotoi and currents in Tanabe Bay were investigated during late May to early September, 1990. From early June to early August, before the red tide appeared, cell densities of G. mikimotoi increased gradually through the water column, with most cells occurring in the middle layer at 5m depth. The growth rates during this period were estimated to range from 0.2-0.5 divisions/day. An extremly high growth rate was estimated for the surface layer just prior to discoloration of the water. It is possible that this rapid increase was caused by the movement of G. mikimotoi cells from the middle layer to the surface layer. There was a clear counterclockwise current in the bay. The movement of the red tide from the southern area to the northern area and then toward the entrance of the bay during the last stage of the red tide was consistent with this counterclockwise pattern, implying that the distribution of G, mikimotoi red tide is at least partly dependent upon this current.
  • 工藤 孝也, 山岡 耕作
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 499-504
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Behavioural characters of the juvenile crimson sea bream, Evynnis japonica, were studied in a nursery ground by scuba diving observation in the summer, 1993. Two distributional types were distinguished: solitary and aggregation. Every solitary individual formed a feeding territory and showed strong aggressive behaviour toward conspecifics and juveniles of goat fish, but the behaviour toward a closely related species, Pagrus major, was not so strong as toward conspecifics. It was suggested on the basis of the observation of their behaviours in the field that the interrelationships between juveniles of E. japonica and P. major are not so intimate as have been supposed and their competitive interaction is not strong.
  • 小澤 貴和, 三浦 信昭, 鶴田 和弘
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 505-509
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Age and growth of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were studied with 198 females and 107 males, totaling 305 specimens (265-875mm in total length) collected in the sea of south-west Kyushu. Judging from changes of the marginal growth index, age marks were formed during the period from January to April in the spawning season. Though significant data was not obtained in males due to shortage of specimens, the growth of females was expressed with the Bertalanffy curve of Lt=840.45[1-exp {-0.406(t+0.067)}] (Lt, total length; t, age). The growths of Japanese flounders around Japan were compared among 19 localities, and divided into three groups: the slow growth in the Touhoku and Hokuriku Districts and the Seto Inland Sea, the intermediate growth in the Sanin District, and the fast growth in the Pacific coast south of the Kantou District and around the Kyushu District.
  • 荒木 晶, 松浦 修平
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 510-517
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The patterns of relative growth and gonadal maturation in a freshwater crab Geothelphusa dehaani were studied in a natural population inhabiting the Taniyamagawa River, Fukuoka, Japan.
    The relative growth in secondary sexual characteristics (SSC) with respect to carapace width (CW) was categorized into three phases, juvenile, adolescent and adult. There were two discontinuities among the phases: primary, between juvenile and adolescent, and secondary, between adolescent and adult. We fitted a regression formula to each phase of allometric growth. In both sexes, the allometric growth of SSC was not constant, and the adolescent and adult phases were clearly distinguishable. In the female, SSC appear at the abdominal segment, and the slope of the allometric regression formula increases in adolescence, and decreases in adulthood. In the male, SSC appears on one of the chelae, and the slope of the formula increases in adolescence and more in adulthood. The puberty molt occurred at the secondary discontinuity, when CW was about 18mm in males and 19mm in females. These sizes correspond to the CW which was attained at functional sexual maturity, and this was confirmed by an abrupt increase in the maturity index (MI). Accordingly, it is suggested that the marked trend in relative growth of the exoskeleton is closely related to the onset of functional gonadal maturation.
  • 小杉 玲, 大貝 秀雄, 石岡 宏子, 大池 数臣, 原 彰彦, 三原 茂
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 518-524
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for red sea bream Pagrus major growth hormone (rsbGH) was developed using recombinant rsbGH, which was produced by gene technology. No cross reactivities were observed with human, bovine, and chum salmon GHs in this RIA system. The minimun detectable concentration of rsbGH dose was 40 pg/tube (0.4 ng/ml). The level of immunoreactive (IR)-rsbGH in serum was 1.17±0.53 ng/ml (mean±S. D., n=170). Dilution curves of serum and plasma paralleled the standard curve of recombinant rsbGH, indicating that the activity in the samples was indistinguishable immunologically from rsbGH. IR-rsbGH concentrations were found to be similar in both serum and plasma, and did not appear to change with fish age or gender.
  • 梨本 勝昭, 鈴木 健吾, 高木 力, 本松 敬一郎, 平石 智徳
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 525-530
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fishing of whelks Neptunea arthritica in Shiriuchi, Hokkaido is carried out using three types of trap. However, the size selectivity of these traps is not known. Size selectivity significantly depends on the mesh size and hanging ratio of the bottom net of the trap. In this study the size selectivity curve of traps for whelks was estimated by calculating the probability of retention (Pn) that en-trapped whelks can not pass through the bottom net of a trap. Pn is expressed as a function of mesh bar length l, hanging ratio α and shell length L'.
    The results of an examination of 48 individuals with α values of either 0.50 or 0.29 indicate that Pn can be expressed as a partial sigmoid curve. The regression curve can be expressed approximately as:
    where L' is the measured shell length.
    The slope of the latter is greater than that of the former and the values of the selection span (the difference of L'/2l between 25% and 75%) are 0.22 when α=0.50 and 0.19 when α=0.29. The resultant selection factors are 0.60 for the former and 0.65 for the latter.
  • 藤永 克昭, 中尾 繁
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 531-539
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The hatching rate of the sea snail Neptunea arthritica in Usu Bay, Hokkaido was investigated on the basis of embryonic developmental stages and the hatching process. Factors influencing embryo mortality were also examined. The development of embryos was classified into four stages: egg-swal-lowing, protonch-forming, shell-developing and juvenile. The hatching process was investigated by examining seasonal changes in the proportions of seven egg capsule types, including egg capsules with an embryo in the four developmental stages mentioned above, and three additional egg capsules, one with a hatched juvenile, one with an embryo that suffered from predation, and one with an embryo that had ceased developing. The hatching rate of embryos was calculated from the expectant number of juveniles in September and the number of egg capsules in July, and estimated to be 18.6%.
    Of the factors that influence the hatching rate, such as predation, exfoliation of egg masses, cessation of development and coating of sponges, predation and exfoliation were the most common causes for decreased hatching rates, followed by developmental cessation. Egg masses deposited on soft substrata, such as ropes and holdfasts of Laminaria sp., were susceptible to detachment more than those on solid substrata, such as rocks and concrete blocks. Cessation of embryonic development decreased with an increae in the number of egg capsules per egg mass.
  • 虫明 敬一, 河野 一利, Wisuthi Verakunpiriya, 渡邉 武, 長谷川 泉
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 540-546
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata broodstocks, captured by set-net fishery and reared on raw fish for one and a half years, were fed frozen raw fish (RF group), moist pellets (MP group), or soft dry pellets (SDP group) for 6 months before egg collection. The MP group received a 1:1 diet mixture consisting of a formula feed prescribed by the National Research Institute of Aquaculture and raw fish, whereas the SDP group was fed a commercial soft dry pellet. After 6 months the fifh in each net-cage were injected with hormone (HCG) to induce spawning, and eggs were collected from each broodstock either after induced spawning or by strip spawning of adults followed by the dry method of insemination. Parameters of the SDP group such as number of eggs per spawner, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival rate of the larvae were compared with those of the RF and MP groups. The success of egg collection from the SDP group was as good as that from the MP group, and those from the SDP and MP groups were superior to that from the RF group. These results clearly indicated that both DP and MP were efficacious for broodstock management of yellowtail and their egg collection.
  • 鶴田 和弘, 大渕 孝, 川村 軍蔵
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 547-552
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    To obtain mesh selectivity curves for trammelnets for the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, probabilities of truncations by interior meshes were calculated on the basis of a lengthgirth relationship of the fish. For the calculation, girths at the end of the operculum and the anus (Ga) were measured with specimens from commercial catches. As a twine was tangled at the pterygiophore of the anal fin and fish tended to be enmeshed obliquely, the Ga-truncation curves calculated were revised by substituting a mesh perimeter φ with 0.8φ which was obtained from girths along net marks on fish bodies. The mesh selectivity curves closely fitted the length frequency distribution of the catches from commercial nets of respective mesh sizes.
  • 鄭 龍晋, 松野 保久, 藤枝 繁, 山中 有一
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 553-560
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The underwater noise emitted by fishing boats is one of the main noise sources in coastal fishing grounds. This paper intends to investigate the underwater noise emitted by fishing boats, by means of measuring both drifting and cruising noise for small trawlers and medium purse seiners.
    The spectrum of noise when drifting showed some harmonics (line component spectrum) of basic frequency which corresponded to the main engine and generator revolution pitch. The noise at cruising showed a powerful continuous component spectrum above 50 Hz frequency zone to the propeller influence as well as line components spectrum. It dominated when applied to full speed ahead and astern. The sound spectrogram of underwater noise emitted by fishing boats when cruising showed furthermore doppler phenominon and interference. These functions at cruising were influenced by distance from noise source, depth, reflection number, main engine and generator revo-lution, and cruising speed.
  • 吉田 陽一, 中原 紘之
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 561-565
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relationships between the dominant phytoplankton and the factors of water quality were examined in Lake Biwa, referring to the Shiga Prefecture's data.
    In the lake, TN (total nitrogen): TP (total phosphorus) and DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen): DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) ratios tended to be lower with increased WT (water temperature), and this was more remarkable for DIN: DIP ratios than TN: TP ratios. As one of the causes, it was suggested that TN: DIN ratios increased and DIN decreased with increased WT.
    The relationships between the dominant phytoplankton and the factors of water quality were considerably variable and complex. Uroglena americana and Asterionella formosa occurred in waters with low WT and TN: DIN ratios and with high DIN, TN: TP and DIN: DIP ratios. On the other hand, Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena affinis occurred in waters with high WT, TN: DIN, TP: DIP ratios and with low DIN, TN: TP and DIN: DIP ratios.
    These results suggest that the examination on the relationships between the dominant phytoplankton and the factors of water quality was one of the useful methods to clarify the distinctive features of phytoplankton and to forecast the occurrence of algal blooms.
  • 舩津 保浩, 伊藤 裕佳子, 川崎 賢一
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 566-573
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rheological properties of meat blocks examined by creep measurement with cross-linking of myosin heavy chain (HC) were investigated during soaking and dehydration. The meat block from walleye pollack was soaked in 0.5M NaCl (pH 7.0) solution with 0 ?? 1.0M sorbitol at 5°C for 24 hours. After soaking, the meat block was dehydrated at 20°C for 24 hours.
    Both values of elastic modulus and viscosity of meat blocks soaked in 0.5M NaCl solution with 1.0M sorbitol were higher than those of the blocks during soaking and dehydration without sorbitol.
    During soaking and dehydration, cross-linked myosin HCs of small molecular size in the blocks soaked in 0.5M NaCl solution with 1.0M sorbitol were formed in large quantities compared with those in the blocks without sorbitol.
    These results indicated that sorbitol in meat blocks affected the cross-linking of myosin HCs of those blocks and contributed to an improvement of elastic modules and viscosity of meat.
  • 高場 稔, 北田 修一, 中野 広, 森岡 泰三
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 574-579
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Domestic strains of red sea bream made by different hatcheries were released in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. Group A was reared in Hakatajima Experimental Station with an intensive system. Groups B and C were respectively reared in Momoshima and Setoda Experimental Stations with a semi-extensive system. Changes in survival, feeding behavior, and liver constituents in the natural environment were monitored during 20 days after release.
    Recoveries of released fish were made by trawling till 20 days after release. Mortality in the natural environment estimated from the recapture ratio was high in Group A (p<0.05). The fish began to ingest within 8 days after release and the feeding rate gradually increased. Perturbation caused by environmental changes after release depressed the condition factor, feeding activity, and triglycerides and protein in liver. Increase in liver acid phosphatase after release would be connected and would imply that hatchery procedures can be modified to improve seed quality in reference to survival and physiological condition in the natural environment.
  • 山下 民治, 関 伸夫
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 580-587
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Salted surimi pastes containing 74% moisture were prepared by griding walleye pollack surimi and either whole egg, egg albumen, or egg yolk with 3% NaCl.
    (1) When the paste was heated at 90°C, the gel strength of kamaboko produced was slightly increased by the addition of whole egg and egg albumen below 7 and 10%, respectively. The addition of egg yolk markedly decreased the gel strength.
    (2) The surimi paste with 10% egg component was set at 10°C for 0-48h or at 40°C for 0-2h followed by heating at 90°C for 30 min. The addition of all egg components made slightly negative contribution to the strengthening of gel structure induced by the setting.
    (3) Preheating of surimi paste at 60°C for 2-3h before heating at 90°C for 30 min markedly decreased the jelly strength of the resulting gel. It was found that the decrease, modori, was depressed by the addition of egg yolk as well as egg albumen. Among the components of egg albumen and yolk, ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomucoid and egg yolk water soluble fraction were effective against modori, whereas lysozyme and egg yolk granule fraction and low density lipoprotein had no effect.
  • 奥 修, 鎌谷 明善
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 588-595
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    To evaluate the role of phospholipid in the phosphorus cycle of marine ecosystems, diatom and zooplankton samples from Tokyo Bay and Sagami Bay were used to determine phospholipid-phosphorus (phospholipid-P) and their classification. The concentration of phospholipid-P in plankton population ranged from 28.0 to 67.6μmol P/g for dry samples, corresponding 10.4 to 22.2% for the total phosphorus: Tokyo Bay samples had a higher concentration than those from Sagami Bay. In the Tokyo Bay samples, the phospholipid-P concentraions had a good correlation with the percentage of copepoda, while no correlation was found in the Sagami Bay samples. Phosphatidyicholine, phosphatidylinositol and other unknown components were isolated and identified for classification of phspholipids using silica gel chromatography, 1HNMR and gas chromatography. These phosphorus compounds were concluded to play an important role in the downward conveying systems of phosphorus in marine ecosystems.
  • 大久保 忠利, 林 哲仁, 渡辺 悦生, 遠藤 英明, 後藤 純雄, 遠藤 治, 溝口 次夫, 森 康明
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 596-601
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mutagenicity of 19 chlorohydrins, including 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol, and 4 protein hydrolysates which contained 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol, were demonstrated with two Salmonella mutation assays, ultramicro forward-mutation assay using TM677 in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9mix) and preincubation assay using TA100 and TA98 in the presence and absence of S9mix.
    As a result, 11 chlorohydrins and 3 protein hydrolysates showed mutagenicity. Three dichloroalkanols were more mutagenic than 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol. Eight monochloroalkanols showed mutagenicity. Optical isomers of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol and 2-chloro-1-propanol showed different mutagenic activities. It was suggested that the hydrolysates contained not only 3-chloro1, 2-propanediol but also other mutagens.
  • 吉村 研治, 岩田 剛, 田中 賢二, 北島 力, 石崎 文彬
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 602-607
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two experiments (Exp. I: batch method using 1l vessels and Exp. II: semi-continuous method using 200l tanks) were carried out in order to investigate the effect of acidification of the media in high density cultures of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis on the reduction of poisonous undissociated ammonia.
    Rotifer were cultured in media with pH adjusted to 6, 7 and 8, and without pH adjustment, bubbling oxygen gas and feeding commercial condensed Chlorella regularis. The pH was adjusted with the automatic addition of HCl (35%) and NaOH (10 N) through a pH controller.
    The concentration of undissociated ammonia in the medium without pH adjustment (Exp. I) and of 8 pH (Exp. II) increased to 27 and 16 ppm, and the growths of rotifer population were inactive and their maximum densities were 8, 000 and 3, 000 individ./ml, respectively. On the other hand, the concentration of undissociated ammonia in the medium of 7 pH remained less than 10 ppm, and in the medium of 6 pH, it was only 2 ppm. The growths of rotifer population in their media were remarkably active, and their maximum densities reached 22, 000 to 34, 000 individ./ml (Exp. I) and 9, 000 to 13, 000 ìndivid./ml (Exp. II).
  • 劉 達嘉, 加納 哲, 丹羽 栄二
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 608-611
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of L-lysine on the elasticity of kamaboko prepared by setting was examined. The salt-ground paste from Alaska pollack frozen surimi was set at 30°C for 5h or at 40°C for 1h, followed by heating at 85°C for 30 min. The breaking force and strain of the resulting kamaboko were markedly increased by setting at 30°C, but slightly increased by setting at 40°C. The addition of L-lysine to the paste, however, invalidated the effectiveness of the setting on the breaking force and strain and sup-pressed the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain in the muscle proteins.
  • 山中 英明, 松本 美鈴, 畑江 敬子, 中谷 肇
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 612-618
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Sensory tests and analysis on extractive components were carried out to clarify the off-flavor components in raw and boiled muscles of American jumbo squid.
    The results of the sensory tests indicated that strong salty, sour, bitter, and fishy tastes were characteristic to the off-flavor of American jumbo squid, and such tastes were the main factor of unacceptability of the raw mucle as food. Boiling of the muscle hardly improved the acceptability.
    Although VBN contents were very high, TMA and polyamines contents were still low, suggesting that the American jumbo squid used in the present experiment was not at the stage of decomposition. The high level of VBN was primarily due to ammonia. The pH values (less than 6.7) and the amount of chloride ion suggest the existence of ammonium chloride in the squid muscle. Therefore, the off-flavor of American jumbo squid seems to be due to the saltiness and bitterness of ammonium chloride.
    In addition, the significantly low level of free amino acids was not enough to mask the off-flavor of American jumbo squid.
  • 畑江 敬子, 香川 実恵子, 松本 美鈴, 島田 淳子, 山中 英明
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 619-626
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Six extracts from raw squid were prepared one each with 6% perchloric acid (PCA), hot water (HW), 80% ethanol (ET), cold water (CW), 80% ethanol after cold water extraction (EW), and cold water after ethanol treatment (CE) and then compared. The amounts of total free amino acids and ATP-related compounds were higher in the PCA, HW, CW, and CE extracts than in the others. The amounts of peptide-bound amino acids and inorganic ions were also high in the HW and CE extracts. However, degradation from ADP to AMP in the HW extract and the production of glucose from glycogen by enzymatic reactions during the extraction process with CE were suggested. Degradation of ATP-related compounds into hypoxanthine was apparent in the CW extract, in addition to an accumulation of glucose and lactic acid. The ET and WE extracts contained a lesser amount of chemical components than the other extracts. Only the amounts of trimethylamine and glucose being higher in the ET extract.
    Members of the sensory panel judged that the raw common squid taste was reproduced best by CE extraction.
  • 山根 猛
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 627-628
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小池 隆, 森川 由隆, 前川 行幸, 平山 昌子, 永田 豊
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 629-630
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 野口 玉雄, 宮澤 啓輔, 松居 隆, 塩見 一雄
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 631
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 長島 裕二
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 632-633
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 荒川 修
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 634-635
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 浅川 学
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 636-637
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 浮 永久
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 638-639
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 吉松 定昭
    1995 年 61 巻 4 号 p. 640-641
    発行日: 1995/07/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
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