NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 62, Issue 3
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • Akinobu Nakazono
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 347-350
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hiroki Abe
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 351-354
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kyosei Sato
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 355-360
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The maturity of the north Pacific giant octopus Octopus dofleini and its mating season were investigated by regular samplings during the period from November 1992 to November 1993. The sampling area was the coastal waters off the northern tip of Honshu (Cape Shiriya, Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori pref.). Females were classified into immature and mature stage by coloration of the ovary. In males, maturation stages were classified into three stages: mature stage by the length of spermatophore exceeding 70cm long; maturing stage by the length of spermatophore less than 70cm long; and immature stage by the absence of spermatophore. Mature females appeared from January to May. Male maturing specimens were present from March to December and mature ones appeared from December to May. Immature specimens of both sexes were taken throughout the year. Mated females were caught from January to April. The number of ovarian eggs ranged from 38, 000 to 94, 000.
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  • Satoshi Suyama, Yasunori Sakurai, Kenji Shimazaki
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 361-369
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The maturation process and age in days of female Pacific saury Cololabis saira (Brevoort) in the central North Pacific Ocean were examined based on histological observations and otolith daily growth increments. The maturation process of Pacific saury used in this study (243-342mm in knob length) was divided into 6 stages: early yolk vesicle stage, late yolk vesicle stage, yolk formation stage, maturation stage, atretic stage I, and atretic stage II. Atretic stage fish were considered to be post-spawning as many degenerated oocytes were observed. The large size group (more than 296mm), in which fish were more than 1.5 years old as estimated from daily growth increments in otoliths, contained spawning and post-spawning individuals, although all individuals from the medium size group (241-295mm), from 10 months to 1 year and 3 months old, were immature. Since post-spawning fish were seen to have recovered their initial condition factors, it is suggested that they survive beyond the first spawning season. Based on observations of asynchronously developing oocytes, it is considered that Pacific saury spawn several times during a single spawning season.
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  • Jun Aoyama, Takanori Kobayashi, Katsumi Tsukamoto
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 370-375
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The Phylogenetic relationship among 8 species of the eel Anguilla, collected from various parts of the world, was inferred by mitochondrial DNA base pair sequences of cytochrome b gene (410 bp). Phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum parsimony and the neighbor-joining method assuming Anguilla celebesensis as the out-group. The observed sequence divergence between A. anguilla and A. rostrata showed a lower level of divergence (0.024) than the others (0.051-0.085). These Atlantic species were placed as a clade with A. australis australis and A. mossambica, whereas A. marmorata formed a clade with A. reinhardti. The mitochondrial phylogeny agreed with the phylogenetic relationships suggested by morphological studies, except the position of A. japonica.
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  • Jun Kakino
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 376-383
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Three cage tests for the growth and survival of Japanese littleneck clam juveniles were conducted on the tidal flat of Kuzuma along the coast of Kisarazu district in Chiba Prefecture, Tokyo Bay, and the sharpness index defined as width/length of shell was examined. The area having good conditions for juvenile growth was not consistent with that for a high survival rate, and juveniles with a high survival rate did not always grow faster than those with a low survival rate.
    Juveniles on the offshore side grew faster than those on the shoreside, but the juvenile survival rate in the intermediate zone of the flat was higher than those on the offshore and shore sides. The juveniles having a high sharpness index tended to show a high survival rate. At the same age, the juveniles with a high sharpness index grew faster than or equal to those with a low sharpness index. But as the sharpness index approached the maximum value on the tidal flat, the shell growth of the juveniles was less than those of younger clams and the sharpness index was lower.
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  • Katsuyuki Numaguchi
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 384-392
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Histological changes in gonad development of the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii were observed in 1-, 2-, and 3-year old broodstock from May to October 1984 and in 4-year old broodstock from May to December 1985. Animals were cultured in cages at the farming ground in Kasado Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture. The spawning season of the ark shell broodstock cultured in Kasado Bay throughout the year was estimated to be from early July to middle September, and the maturative degrees of these ark shells were not sufficient. On the other hand, the spawning season of the ark shell broodstock which were cultured for 3 years in Kagawa Prefecture and transplanted to Kasado Bay in May 1985 was estimated to be from late May to middle October, and the maturative degrees of these shells were sufficient. It is thought that the nutritive and growth condition of the ark shell caused the differences of maturative degree. The sex ratios of 3-year old ark shells cultured in Kagawa Prefecture were 50% males, 44% females and 6% immature. In late June 1986, maximum fecundity of 3-year old ark shells cultured in Kagawa Prefecture was estimated to be about 1.2×107 per female. During histological observation of the ark shell gonads, only one harmaphrodite was found among the 741 samples prepared in this study.
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  • Akio Tsujimura, Nobuhiko Taniguchi
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 393-398
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Clones were induced through a mitotic-gynogenetic diploid fish in Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, by retaining the second polar body of eggs inseminated with ultraviolet ray irradiated-sperm. The phenotypic variation in reproductive traits, such as gonad weight, spawning day, spawning duration, and the size of eggs and hatched larvae were compared betweeen normal-2N and clones. The phenotypic variations of clones were distinctly smaller than those of normal-2N. The mean values in spawning duration and the size of eggs from clones did not change over several generations. The genetic variation indices (GVI) were calculated to esimate the level of genetic vatiation of reproductive traits on the basis of comparison of phenotypic variation between clones and normal-2N. GVI of eggs and hatched larvae sizes were relatively high, suggesting the high heritability in normal-2N.
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  • Syozo Yamamoto
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 399-405
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    This paper describes the diurnal rhythm of feeding activity and daily ration estimated by a new approach for reared larval red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. The larva fed only during the daytime, and the number of food organisms in the gut increased at dawn and dusk, however, the number remained at a moderate level during the middle of the day. This phenomenon became more evident as larval growth proceeded. The larvae of TL 3.9 and 9.9 mm fed on 193 rotifers and 293 Artemia nauplii per day, respectively. The daily food uptake was estimated to be 30.1% of the wet body weight in the 3.9 mm larva and 28.2% in the 9.9 mm larva. The growth rate of this species was relatively higher compared with those estimated in marine fish species, although the food uptake was relatively low.
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  • Ken-ichi Watanabe, Nobuhiro Suzuki
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 406-413
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The one year-old red tilefish Brachiostegus japonicus (smaller than 20cm in total length (TL)) possesses an intersexual gonad, in which primary oocytes and spermatogonia are observed. Thereafter, the gonad differentiates into either an ovary or testis. In the ovary, spermatogonia disppear and oocytes markedly increase in size and number, whereas in the testis, oocytes, although decreasing and degenerating, are observed to remain long. Most males over three years old (larger than 30cm in TL) possess a complete testis.
    Gonadal maturation is observed to occur from late May through late October in females, and from mid-May through late January in males. The biological minimum size is 21.4cm TL in females and 23.7cm TL in males. Most females and males mature at two and three years-old, respectively.
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  • Mikio Kikuchi, Tohoru Miyagaki, Meiko Wakabayashi
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 414-419
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To assess the effects of pesticides sprayed in golf links on aquatic organisms, twenty pesticides were assayed by acute toxicity test using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Susceptibility to several pesticides, i. e. captan, chlorothalonile, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fenitrothion, was measured at different developmental stages: embryo, sac fry, and fry. No remarkable difference in susceptibility was observed among developmental stages on four pesticides except for chlorpyrifos, which showed a remarked difference in susceptibility among the different stages. Of the 20 chemicals tested, the 96 hour median lethal concentration (96h-LC50) of less than 0.1mg/l was obtained in captan, chlorothalonile, thiuram, chlorpyrifos, and oxine-copper. On the other hand, 96h-LC50 exceeding 10mg/l was obtained in flutolanil, mepronil, benfluralin, and mecoprop. The 96h-LC50 values of several pesticides were lower than the current effluent guideline values for golf links, suggesting that the guideline value is inadequate to conserve fishes in natural waters.
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  • Hisayuki Arakawa, Sokjin Choi, Takafumi Arimoto, Yoshihiko Nakamura
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 420-427
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The spectral distribution of downward irradiance in the sea around a squid jigging boat (<30Gt) was investigated with special reference to the type and total kW output of fishing lamps, in the fishing ground of Toyama Bay and off Tsushima Island in June and November 1994, respectively.
    The downward irradiance distributions in the waters shallower than 20m depth and within the horizontal distance from the bow to the stern of the boat were coaxial semicircles in shape with a center at the midship position of the boat: Below 30m depth, the downward irradiances, however, were almost equally distributed in the horizontal direction for the same distance. The downward irradiances in the water just under the boat were considerably lower than those around the boat. Such differences decreased with increasing depth in irradiance intensity, and almost disappeared below 30m. When the vertical profiles (510nm wavelength) of underwater irradiances from 0-100m across-ship of the midship position were compared for different wattage fishing lamps, if the wattage of the fishing lights was in the ratio 80kW:150kW:240kW, the irradiated area of more than 10-2μW•cm-2•nm-1 was in the ratio 1.0:1.4:1.8, respectively. This increase is not proportional to the total kW ratio output of the fishing lamps.
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  • Yasuzumi Fujimori, Susumu Shimizu, Teisuke Miura
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 428-433
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The performance of bio-polyester (Biopole) as a net material for traps was investigated in a water tank experiment using the freshwater shrimp Palaemon paucidens. The numbers of shrimp that settled on net panels composed of different materials and placed side by side in pairs were measured. Net panel materials examined included bio-polyester, nylon-monofilament, nylon-multifilament and steel. A smooth surface bio-polyester without cracks was compared with a rough surface bio-polyester with many cracks caused by soiution. More shrimp settled on the bio-polyester panels with a smooth surface than the nylon-multifilament and steel net panels, but less than on the nylon-monofilament panels. When bio-polyester panels with many cracks were examined, fewer shrimp settled on the bio-polyester panels than on the two nylon panel types, but more than on the steel net panels. These results suggested that the texture changed the attractiveness of the bio-polyester to the shrimps.
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  • Takayuki Nakagawa, Masashi Ando, Yasuo Makinodan
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 434-438
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The properties of glycogenolytic enzyme and α-glucosidase were examined by using the crude extracts from the ordinary muscle of five species of fish. Highest activities of both enzymes were detected in the extract from black sea bream. Optimum pH values of glycogenolytic enzyme from five species of fish ranged from 6.8 to 7.6, whereas those of α-glucosidase showed species-specificity, that is, pH 4.2-4.4 for Pacific mackerel, ayu and Japanese eel, pH 5.5 for black sea bream, and pH 6.2 for frog flounder.
    Maximal activities of black sea bream enzymes were observed at 35°C for glycogenolytic enzyme and 40°C for α-glucosidase. Glycogenolytic activity fell by 50% during incubation at 20°C for 10min, whereas α-glucosidase activity retained 90% of its activity when incubated at 40°C for 10min. Km values for glycogen and ρ-nitrophenyl α-D-glucoside were 1.8% (pH 6.9) and 7.0×10-4 M (pH 6.0), respectively. The Elution profile of glycogenolytic enzyme on Sephacryl S-200 revealed a single peak and its molecular weight was estimated to be 70, 000. On the other hand, two active peaks of α-glucosidase were observed on the gel filtration, and their molecular weights were estimated to be 100, 000 and 40, 000, respectively. Glycogenolytic activity from the black sea bream muscle was not activated by NaCl, while the enzyme was activated by 50% by 0.1mM CaC12.
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  • Yoichi Abe, Kousaku Yasunaga, Seiichi Kitakami, Yuriko Murakami, Takao ...
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 439-445
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    On applying an additive containing TGase (Trans-glutaminase), kamaboko gels were prepared from six preparations of Walleye pollack frozen surimi with various grades through preheating at 25°C or 40°C for various durations.
    The Characteristis of kamaboko gel were assessed by measuring the breaking strength together with breaking strain by a rheometer, and heuce the gel strength and spring constant were also evalueted.
    The gelling property of the frozen surimis was clearly strengthened by the additive containing TGase. However, the quality of kamaboko gel produced from a low grade surimi (Such as 2nd grade) by applying the additive containing TGase was not comparable to that from a high grade frozen surimi such as SA without applying the same additive as above.
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  • Yoichi Abe, Kousaku Yasunaga, Seiichi Kitakami, Yuriko Murakami, Takao ...
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 446-452
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two-step heating gels (kamaboko gels) were prepared from walleye pollack frozen surimis of SA and 2nd grades with a 0.3% food additive containing transglutaminase (TGase) or a 0.5% bovine plasma powder by heating at 90°C for 30 minutes after preheating at a fixed temperature between 10 and 80°C.
    The characteristics of the kamaboko gels were evaluated from the breaking strength, breaking strain, and spring constant as a function of the preheating time.
    A positive correlation was found between the breaking strength and the spring constant with a high correlation coefficient. The correlation was not affected by the grade of frozen surimi, temperature or duration of the preheating.
    A linear relation between the breaking strength and the spring constant of kamabako gels without the additive agreed well with that of the gels with a bovine plasma powder, but did not agree with the additive containing TGase.
    These results suggested that the kamaboko gels produced with a food additive containing TGase are more heterogeneous in quality compared to those of the other two products.
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  • Satoshi Mochizuki, Akiko Sato
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 453-457
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Specimens of chub mackerel and round scad were killed by three different procedures, i.e. stabbing in the spinal bulb (instant killing), dipping in cold sea water (temperature shock), and leaving to die in the air (struggled killing). After death, the fishes were stored at 0°C. In chub mackerel, the rate of progress of rigor-mortis, and the rates of change of concentrations of ATP, IMP, creatine phosphate, and breaking strength of the dorsal muscle in the instant killing group were the slowest. The rates of change in the temperature shock group were almost similar to those in the struggled killing group. The K-value in the instant killing group was also lower than in the other two groups. In round scad, these was a clear difference in the post-mortem changes between the three groups.
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  • Takashi Koike, Kyouko Yoshimi, Yutaka Nagata
    1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 458-459
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1996 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 545
    Published: 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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