NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
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Volume 75, Issue 6
Displaying 1-34 of 34 articles from this issue
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  • Validation of acceleration records to monitor swimming and prey-capture behavior in the captive northern fur seal
    TAKASHI IWATA, YOKO MITANI, SHIROH YONEZAKI, KAORU KOHYAMA, AKINORI TA ...
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 989-994
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.989
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      This study aimed to evaluate the utility of acceleration data for monitoring the swimming and foraging behavior of a marine mammal. We examined the matches between the acceleration records obtained by animal-borne data loggers and the video observation of flipper movement and prey capture for a captive northern fur seal. The results showed that 93% of forelimb strokes were successfully detected. Furthermore, elevated swim speed, large changes in body angle and elevated stroke frequency were detected during prey pursuit or capture events. These results suggest that the swimming costs and the number of prey pursuits or captures can be estimated in free-ranging otariids using acceleration data.
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  • Effects of different photoperiods and water temperatures on survival, growth, feeding and initial swim bladder inflation of greater amberjack Seriola dumerili larvae
    YOSHIRO HIRATA, KATSUYUKI HAMASAKI, AKIHIKO IMAI, KAZUHISA TERUYA, TAK ...
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 995-1003
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.995
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      To determin the appropriate rearing conditions for early stage larvae of greater amberjack Seriola dumerili, we investigated the survival, growth, feeding and initial swim bladder inflation of larvae reared in two or three replicates in 500 L tanks under different photoperiods (0L: 24D, 12L: 12D, 18L: 6D, 24L: 0D) and water temperatures (22, 24, 26, 28°C). In the 0L: 24D group, few larvae showed feeding incidence and growth, and total mortality occurred 8 days after hatching. Photoperiod (12-24 hours light condition) and temperature did not affect the larval feeding and swim bladder inflation, whereas larval survival and growth were improved in the 18L: 6D group and larval survival was the best at 22°C.
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  • Effect of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on survival, molting and growth of larval snow crab Chionoecetes opilio reared in the laboratory
    TAKAYUKI KOGANE, SHIGEKI DAN, KATSUYUKI HAMASAKI
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1004-1010
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1004
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      The effects of varying levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and the ratios of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) on survival, molting and growth of larval snow crab Chionoecetes opilio were examined in two separate experiments, in which larvae were reared in small containers until reaching the first stage crab. In experiment I, zoea larvae were fed rotifers enriched with n-3 HUFA at three levels, and rotifers without n-3 HUFA enrichment. In experiment II, zoea larvae were fed rotifers enriched with n-3 HUFA at a constant level, which was considered as optimum from experiment I, but having different DHA/EPA ratios, and fed non-enriched rotifers. In both experiments, megalopa larvae were fed non-enriched Artemia sp. Larval survival and growth were improved by feeding rotifers enriched with n-3 HUFA. The occurrence of abnormal moltings during the metamorphosis from megalopa to the first stage crab decreased with increasing n-3 HUFA content in rotifers. The better survival rates from the first zoea stage to the first crab stage were observed when zoeae were fed rotifers containing ∼2.3 g/100 g n-3 HUFA (dry matter basis) with the DHA/EPA ratio of ∼1.5.
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  • Biodegradation of several fibers submerged in deep sea water and isolation of biodegradable plastic degrading bacteria from deep ocean water
    TAKAYOSHI SEKIGUCHI, AKIRA EBISUI, KOJI NOMURA, TOSHIHIRO WATANABE, MA ...
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1011-1018
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1011
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      Biodegradabilities of aliphatic polyester fibers and natural fibers were evaluated in deep sea water at the depth of about 2000 m offshore of Tottori Prefecture and deep sea water pumped up from the depth of 321 m at 2600 m offshore in Toyama bay. The breaking strengths of all soaked fibers decreased considerably in one year. On the surfaces of the soaked fibers, hollows engraved by biodegradation were observed. These results confirm that biodegradation takes place in the deep sea and in deep ocean water. Two kinds of PCL-degrading bacteria were isolated from the deep sea water. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these strains belong to the Pseudomonas genus. The isolated bacteria showed growth and PCL degradation activity under low-temperature conditions.
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  • Behavior properties of Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus using ultrasonic biotelemetry in artificial reef off the coast of Hamochi, Sado Island, the Sea of Japan
    YASUSHI ITO, HIROSHI MIURA, KENJI NAKAMURA, TSUKASA YOSHIDA
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1019-1026
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1019
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      To investigate behavioral properties of the Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus, an ultrasonic biotelemeter (V9P-1H, VEMCO) was externally attached to 30 cm-long Jack mackerel principally in an artificial reef put in place at a depth of 45 meters in the Sea of Japan, off the coast of Hamochi, Sado Island. Each fish was tracked seven times from June to July in 2008. Their circadian behaviors are quite clear. The Jack mackerel stays in an area within 10 meters from the top of the reef during the daytime and swims in the reef near the sea surface at depths of 5 to 10 meters during the nighttime.
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  • Annual net production and annual carbon and nitrogen absorptions of Eisenia arborea in the eastern coast of Ise Bay
    SATORU KAMOHARA, KATSUYA HATTORI, YASUKO HARADA, MITSUYASU WAKU, SHUIC ...
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1027-1035
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1027
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      It is reported that seaweeds help to prevent global warming and decrease eutrophication by fixing carbon dioxide and absorbing nutrients such as nitrogen. From June 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the annual net production and annual carbon and nitrogen absorptions of Eisenia arborea in the eastern coast of Ise Bay. The annual production in terms of dry weight was estimated by counting the number of new bladelets and was found to be 5.23 d.w.kg m-2y-1. The annual carbon and nitrogen absorptions were estimated by measuring their concentrations in the bladelets; these were found to be 1.13 kgC m-2y-1 and 0.09 kgN m-2y-1, respectively.
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  • Influence of larval size and feeding on the ratio of their settlement to spat collectors presoaked in seawater containing adult Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas
    YASUSHI HIRATA, YOSHINOBU TAMURA, KAZUYA NAGASAWA
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1036-1041
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1036
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      The presoaking of spat collectors in seawater containing adult Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas is known to induce their larval settlement. In this study, we examined the effect of the size and feeding condition of larvae on the ratio of their settlement. Although the presoaking of collectors increased their settlement ratios in larger larvae with a mean shell height of 344 μm, the treatment of collectors did not increase the ratios in smaller larvae with a mean shell height of 295 μm. There were no significant differences in the ratios of larval settlement among the larvae fed with a cultured diatom at a variety of concentrations (0.0∼10.0×104 cells/mL) during the 24-hour periods of the experiments.
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  • Development of method for estimation of 0+fish abundance index of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus by mid-water trawling and area-swept method in the southwestern Sea of Japan
    TSUYOSHI SHIMURA, SEIJI OHSHIMO, HIROYOSHI TERAKADO, YONGJUN TIAN
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1042-1050
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1042
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      Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) is an important commercial fish which is distributed widely along the Japanese coast and for which a total allowable catch is designated. However, the 0+fish stock can not be estimated by VPA. In this paper, a 0+fish abundance index was examined using mid-water trawling (10 by 10 m trawl mouth, 7mm codend mesh) and the area-swept method. A total of 62,387 0+fish jack mackerel were caught in the waters of the southwestern Sea of Japan during early summer (2003 to 2008). Jack mackerel were distributed in areas that were 50m depth at a temperature of 12.5-20.5°C. The 0+fish abundance index was presumed by pattern A: divided into two sea areas (Tsushima area and Oki area), and by pattern B: divided into four sea areas in consideration of the water temperature distribution. The coefficient of variation of 0+fish abundance index estimated by pattern B (13.8-48.5%) was lower than that by pattern A (19.4-50.3%). This indicates that the mid-water trawling method with area-swept method considering the water temperature can be used to estimate the 0+fish abundance index of jack mackerel.
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  • Suitable substrate for thalli attachment of the agar alga Gelidium elegans (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)
    MIHO TSUCHIYA, KENJI TAKIO, KAZOTO ANDO, KATSUTOSHI KAWABE, ICHIRO KOM ...
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1051-1060
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1051
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      After the volcanic eruption in 2000, the quantity of agar alga Gelidium elegans remarkably decreased in Miyakeshima Island, and so efforts to increase the production are necessary. We identified a suitable substrate to enhance thalli attachment of agar alga and examined its properties.
       (1) We set artificial reefs with substrates of mortar blocks, steel fence, stainless steel bolts, and stainless steel bolts covered with chemical fiber fabric on the bottom of the fishing port of Oshima and observed the attachment, adhesion, and growth of thalli of G. elegans on each substrate. Many thalli of G. elegans attached rapidly to the perpendicular substrate of stainless steel bolts with the chemical fiber fabric. After one year this substrate was mainly covered with G. elegans. (2) In the laboratory we examined the change of density of attached thalli on the above four kinds of substrate and also tested five kinds of chemical fiber. Density of attachment and residual ratio of the thalli were the highest on the substrate with chemical fiber fabric. (3) It is considered that the attachment of the thalli is related to the number and curve ratio of prominent fibers in the chemical fiber string.
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  • Molecular species of digalactosyldiacylglycerols in the brown alga Sargassum yezoense
    MASAKI HONDA, AKIHIRO KASHIMA, KORETARO TAKAHASHI, YUTAKA ITABASHI
    2009 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 1061-1069
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.1061
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      Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), we have determined the molecular species of digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) in the brown alga Sargassum yezoense, which is widely distributed in the coast of the Sea of Japan and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids but not used effectively. The diacylglycerols released from DGDG by periodate oxidation followed by hydrazinolysis were converted to their 3,5-dinitrophenylurethanes (DNPU) and subjected to HPLC on a highly efficient ODS column (250×4 mm i.d., 4 μm particle size) using acetonitrile as the mobile phase, which gave clear resolution of individual molecular species. Reversed-phase HPLC in conjunction with negative ESI-MS gave weak [RCOO]- ions in addition to prominent deprotonated molecules [M-H]-, by which individual molecular species could be identified. The most predominant molecular species was 20:5n-3/18:4n-3 (46.8% of total DGDG), followed by 20:5n-3/18:3n-3 (11.1%). The DNPU derivatives were also analyzed by chiral-phase HPLC on (R)- and (S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine polymers, which gave complete resolution of enantiomeric 1,2- and 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerols. The results clearly showed that the glycerol moieties in all the DGDG molecules had S-configuration(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols). The present study demonstrates that S. yezoense is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich DGDG.
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