NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
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Volume 78, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 76 articles from this issue
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2011 Awards of Excellence for Scientific Papers
Achievement Award for Young Scientist in Fisheries Science 2011
Originals
  • Selectivity of experimental drift net for chub mackerel Scomber japonicus
    AYAKO YANO, TADASHI TOKAI, ATSUSHI KAWABATA
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 681-691
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.681
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      Fishery surveys of pelagic fish resources with experimental drift nets of 16 different mesh sizes were conducted in the waters off Sanriku and east of Hokkaido from 1984 to 2002. From the survey data, 37 data sets of fork length distributions of chub mackerel which were caught by drift nets of 12 different mesh sizes (26, 30, 33, 37, 43, 48, 55, 63, 72, 106, 112, and 121 mm) were used to estimate the master curve for expressing the size selectivity. The skew normal model was selected as the best-fitted selection curve by AIC. Girths at three positions (the center line of the eye, the posterior edge of the gill cover, and the anterior end of the first dorsal fin base) and maximum girth were measured with fork length. For the chub mackerel with the optimum fork length at the modal selection curve, the position of the girth equivalent to the mesh perimeter was within the range from the posterior edge of the gill cover to the anterior end of the dorsal fin base. This suggested that most of the chub mackerel were wedged or gilled by the mesh of the drift net.
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  • Phenology and photosynthetic characteristics of a Japanese seagrass Zostera marina at the southern end of its distribution in the northwestern Pacific
    TAKASHI KAWANO, GREGORY N. NISHIHARA, RYUTA TERADA
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 692-704
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.692
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      The phenology and photosynthetic characteristics of a Japanese seagrass Zostera marina were examined from April 2010 to September 2011 at Yamagawa, Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture, which is near the southern distributional limit in the northwestern Pacific. A line-transect survey conducted to elucidate its community structure showed that it is distributed at depths of 2-2.5 m. The biomass of this species showed a peak in May accompanying maturation; meanwhile, it disappeared from the substratum from August to October, suggesting that this population has an annual life history. Photosynthesis in this species was determined over a range of temperatures (12-32℃) by dissolved oxygen sensor, and revealed that the net photosynthetic rate was highest at 20℃. An ANOVA analysis indicated that there were no significant differences from 12℃ to 24℃. Pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry was used to demonstrate that the relative electron transport rate (rETR) of photosystem II (water/plastoquinone oxido-reductase) increased quickly with increasing PAR, was highest at 611 μmol photons m−2 s−1, and decreased as PAR further increased. Summer seawater temperature was around 28-31℃ in the natural habitat of the community examined, suggesting that respiration and photosynthetic activity might be influenced by the natural conditions.
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  • Effect of drifted sands on the establishment of stocked ayu Plecoglossus altivelis
    JUN-ICHI TSUBOI, AKIHIKO ASHIZAWA, NAO KUMADA, TOMOKO ARIMA, SHINICHIR ...
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 705-710
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.705
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      We investigated factors preventing the establishment of stocked ayu Plecoglossus altivelis by sampling with casting nets and measuring microhabitat at several locations. In our analysis, three factors were selected as explanatory variables of the probability of capture of more than one ayu (or not) per casting net: 1) larger diameter of drifted sands, 2) lower frequency of cobbles (size class of 65-256 mm) and boulders (>256 mm), and 3) higher frequency of cobbles and boulders buried by sands or caddisfly cases. These three factors were strongly correlated with the amount of drifted sands. We concluded that the amount of drifted sands is useful as an indicator for management decisions concerning stocking sites.
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  • Eradication of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu illegally released into Lake Motosu
    HIDEKI OOHAMA, TAKUMI OKAZAKI, TOSHIHIRO AOYAGI, KOICHI KAJI
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 711-718
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.711
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      We captured smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from Lake Motosu by gillnets and spearfishing. From 1997 to 2004, 68 smallmouth bass were caught by gillnets and 18 by spearfishing. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of smallmouth bass by gillnets gradually decreased from 0.36 in 1997 to 0 in 2002. The CPUE by gillnets and underwater observation rate were high in the southeast zone before 1998 and significantly higher in the northwest zone after 1999. The annual estimated capture rate of smallmouth bass by gillnets was consistently more than 50%. Smallmouth bass were illegally released into Lake Motosu for fishing; however, they were unable to establish in the water body. Smallmouth bass might have been eradicated since they did not reproduce, their extermination began quickly, habitat information was fed back to gillnet operation, and the capture rate using gillnets was high.
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  • Heterocapsa circularisquama coming up north—Mass mortality of Pacific oysters due to its blooming at Lake Kamo in Sado Island, Japan
    SHIN-ICHI KONDO, REIKO NAKAO, MITSUNORI IWATAKI, SETSUKO SAKAMOTO, SHI ...
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 719-725
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.719
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      Lake Kamo is a small brackish lagoon located in Sado Island, Niigata, Japan (38°06′N, 138°44′E) and is famous for cultivation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In autumn 2009, a dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama formed a bloom in this lake, causing mass mortality of a considerable proportion of the cultured Pacific oysters and fisheries damage estimated to be 190 million Japanese yen. Although the origin or cause of entry of the H. circularisquama population into Lake Kamo is unknown, heavy stirring due to a large typhoon is considered to be a possible trigger of its blooming. This was the first attack by H. circularisquama in this lake; prior to this bloom, the northern limit of the distribution range of H. circularisquama had been Obama Bay, Fukui, Japan (35°50′N, 135°72′E). A H. circularisquama bloom recurred in Lake Kamo in the summer of 2010, although it did not cause considerable damage to cultured oysters. This phenomenon is considered to be a typical case of the northward expansion of harmful algae in the Northern Hemisphere.
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  • Proteolytic process of two fish sauce mashes prepared from deepsea smelt and waste from kamaboko processing using soy sauce koji mold in the early stage of fermentation
    AYUMI FURUTANI, YASUHIRO FUNATSU, KEI-ICHI SHOZEN, YASUYUKI HARADA, TA ...
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 726-735
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.726
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      To clarify the pattern and process of protein degradation of fish sauce mashes containing salt and koji mold, and deepsea smelt Glossanodon semifasciatus or wastes from kamaboko processing, which have already been heated during the process of making kamaboko, the production of degradation products during fermentation was studied. The liquefaction ratio in deepsea smelt and wastes mash increased markedly during 7 days of fermentation. The insoluble protein content of both mashes also decreased rapidly with the liquefaction despite the difference in main material. These results suggest that the rapid protein degradation in both mashes at the early stage of fermentation could be caused by the koji mold rather than endogeneous digestive enzymes contained in viscera of fish. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, the disappearance of protein components and the production of low-molecular-weight components which could not be separated by 12.5% polyacrylamide gel during the fermentation period were different between the two mashes. Moreover, the content of free amino acids in deepsea smelt mash was higher than that in wastes mash. As a result, the production and accumulation of low-molecular-weight protein and free amino acids in fish sauce mash were affected by the characteristics of protein in the main material.
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  • Influences of freshness and washing frequency on the quality of washed meat prepared from dark muscle of skipjack tuna
    KYOKO KOIZUMI, SEIICHI HIRATSUKA, SHUJI AOSHIMA, NOBORU KATO
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 736-741
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.736
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      To investigate the relationship between freshness, washing frequency and quality of washed meat, fresh and unfresh dark muscles of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis were subjected to washing at various frequencies. Meat washed immediately (0 h) after thawing and that washed after storage for 4 h at 25℃ were analyzed for color values (L*, a*, b*), lipid content and volatile compounds. The a* values, lipid content and total aldehyde content of the meat washed at 4 h were higher than those of meat washed at 0 h. Although washing frequency was increased, these values were higher for the meat washed at 4 h than those for meat washed at 0 h. These results indicate that the decline in freshness of the dark muscles resulted in lower quality of washed meat. In addition, insolubilization of sarcoplasmic proteins in the dark muscles increased under low pH. Therefore, it was suggested that deterioration in the quality (color and fishy odor) of surimi prepared from dark muscles can be prevented by removing lipid from raw materials and suppressing the denaturation of sarcoplasmic proteins by maintaining a high pH of raw materials.
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  • Financial and business analysis of fisheries cooperatives in Japan
    MASAHIKO ARIJI, TAKAHIRO MATSUI
    2012 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 742-748
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: September 08, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.78.742
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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      Japanese fisheries cooperatives play a very important role in the management of coastal fisheries. The management of fisheries cooperatives influences the management of coastal fisheries, for the fisheries cooperatives are a kind of communal organization not only for business but also for fishery resource management. However, a financial analysis of the data of Japan Fisheries Cooperatives (Zengyoren) shows that the management condition of the fisheries cooperatives is bad, labor productivity is low, and labor cost has little relationship with results. To solve these problems, management guidance on reviewing the business model, and on the personnel and management system in line with changes in the management environment, is required.
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