NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 9, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Naoiti INOUYE
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the preceding paper(1), the writer has reported many types of variations of water tem-perature observed by a resistance thermometer at a station 2 miles north-west off Osyoro on the west coast of Hokkaid ??, in the summer of 1937. Certain groups of these variations are remarkable having very short periods such as 5-15 minutes. They had been noticed by few earlier observers(2)(3)(4) and considered to be interesting and of quite unknown origin. In the summer of 1938 and 1939, some observations were repeated at the same station. The electric thermometers employed in those observations were the resistance thermometers and the SUN-DERS' thereto-electric apparatus(5); and the “printing dots” type self-recorder was also used. The mechanism of the recorder is illustrated in Fig. 1, and some examples of the records actually obtained are shown in Fig. 4, I, and 5, K.
    The results of these observations are summarised as follows :
    1. A considerably regular variation manifests itself through a day in the vertical distri-butions of water temperature in harmony with the tidal current, though irregular and con-spicuous changes happen on certain days, as shown in Fig. 2. In many cases, the disconti-nuities of the vertical temperature gradient are remarkable in the middle and lower layers.
    2. Rapid oscillations of temperture are observed at the layers where the temperature gradient is steep, and, in many cases, the steeper the gradient, the greater the amplitudes of the oscillations. These oscillations can be classified into two groups; periodic temperature oscillations of regular forms (Fig. 3, A, B, D, F, G, H, I, J, L, Fig. 4). and temperature fluctua-tions of quite irregular nature (Fig. 3, C, E, K, M, Fig. 5).
    3. About the regular periodic oscillations, the following facts should be remarked.
    a) Periods of various kinds can be traced, but each one is greater than 5 minutes (Tab. 1). The oscillations of periods of 5-6 minutes often appear with considerable amplitudes.
    b) In many cases, the phases of oscillations at the two or three adjacent layers coincide with one another (Fig. 4, D, G.).
    c) Sometimes, however, the oscillation is conspicuous in one layer, while no oscillation can be found in the adjacent layers, and the temperature gradients are equally remark-able (Fig. 3, B, Fig. 5, M).
    d) The sinking and rising of the fishing net situated near the observational station were investigated by means of pressure gauge (Fig. 3, No. 4). The motion of the net seems to be fairly coincident with the temperature variations observed at the same time.
    e) If it is supposed that these temperature oscillations result from the wave motions of sea water, the wave heights estimated from their amplitudes often reach 2-4 meters.
    f) It is not seldom that these rapid temperature oscillations appear in the course of the temperature variations of long periods (Fig. 3, D, G, I, J).
    4. The undulations of periods of 15-20 min. are often traced in the tide gauge record of Yoiti Wan (Bay).
    5. The characteristic of the temperature fluctuations belonging to the second group is a rapid, discontinuous, and irregular change of temperature as shown in Fig. 5. Some of these fluctuations appear just before or after the “Siome” or current rip passes the station.
    From these results, the following conclusions may be deduced. In the coastal summer water, the temperature gradient is conspicuous and its discontinuity is also remarkable. The discontinuity is often caused by the displacement of wedge-shaped, colder water mass on the bottom. The temperature oscillations of the first group result from the undulations that may occur in such coastal water. There are instances which seem to indicate that these undulations are of long wave nature, but in other instances they seem to be of internal wave nature.
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  • II. Fin Whale
    Yoshio MATSUURA
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present account deals with the results of direct observations on the fin whales brought into the floating factory “Kyokuyo-maru” during the Antarctic season 1938/39 in the whaling ground so-called Area IV. During the period extending from 16th November 1938 to 14th March 1939, a total of 352 fin whales was examined.
    (1) The average number of corpora lutea of 133 female whales (the average length of, which was measured 21.70m) was 11.36 (Tab. 7). It was seen from this that female fin whales averaged the same age during the 1925/26 season at South Georgia and during the 1938/39 season in the Antarctic Area IV.
    (2) Of 12 whales with only one corpus luteum 5 were pregnant, 1 was lactating and 2 were ovulating or pregnant. Thus at least 6 (50%) whales would be estimated as they were pregnant in the first breading season and nearly the same results were obtained also in the whales with two or three corpora 1utea and 9 whales out of 133 whales examined were found to be ovulating or pregnant. But no whales with multiple ovulations were observed, although there were found one twins and one triplets. Furthermore, the peaks of the frequency graph ?? of the number of corpora lutea (Fig. 3), were more sparsely distributed than those of blue whales. From these facts, it might be safely concluded that the number of unfertilized ovu-lations before pregnancy must be more in number than that of blue whales.
    (3) The apparent constitution of the stock i.e. the ratios of the different classes of whales examined might be summarized and compared with the results given by MACKINTOSH and WHEELER (1929) at South Georgia as shown in the above table.
    (4) Assuming that the onset of physical maturity in fin females coincides with the accu-mulation of 15 corpora lutea as was suggested by WHEELER (1930), the proportion of the phy-sically mature females was found to be 40% of the sexually mature females and 24% of the total females.
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  • Yosimiti MIYAMA, Isamu OSAKABE
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 16-20
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ratio of the liver to the whole body in weight of several fishes (Table 2) varied from 1 to 2.5%. Table 1 lists the fat content of the liver, and Table 3 gives hydrogen-ion concentration of the same. The authors obtained vitamin oil from the liver by the pepsin digestion method, and found the optimum of the temperature to be 40°C and that of pH to be 3•4 ?? 3•7 for this procedure. Table 6 tabulates various ingredients of the liver oil thus obtained.
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  • Masayosi HATANAKA
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present analysis was planned to see mainly the difference in the chemical composition among different organs and also between the sexes of the oyster during the time of reproduc-tion.
    Concerning the seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the whole body, the present results agreed in a general way with those of SEIINE et al. (1929), OKAZAKI & KOBAYASHI (1929) and MASUMOTO et al. (1934).
    The average amounts of glycogen were as follows ; in the mantle edges 33•58%, hepato-pancreas 19•12%, gills 14•73% and adductor muscle 7•89%. In May when the oyster was not yet ripen, the glycogen content in the gonads was very high, amounting to 34•00%. Thusglycogen was mainly stored during the fattening period in the mantle edges and the gonads. While in August, when the oyster was matured, the amounts of glycogen in the gonads de-creased down to 1•20-6•68%. From these facts there seems to be little doubt that much of the glycogen stored were utilized in the formation of reproductive elements.
    The percentages of protein varied inversely with those of glycogen, showing lowest in the mantle edges and highest in the adductor muscle. The percentage of fat was high in the hepatopancreas and matured eggs, and low in the adductor muscle. The fat content of the hepatopancreas decreased as the maturation of gonads proceeded.
    Speaking the percentage composition, the eggs contained more fat and glycogen and less inorganic matters and protein than the sperm. Sexual difference in the chemical composition was also found in the mantle edges, gills and adductor muscle.
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  • Saburô WARAMATU
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 27-29
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mit den in der Nähe von Otaru, Hokkaidô, gefangenen Heringen, forschte ich über die-Veränderungen des Fleischeiweiszes mit der Reife des Fisches, and die allgemeinen chemischen, Bestandteile des Fleisehes in Beziehung auf die Fangzeit.
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  • Toraichiro KINOSHITA
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 30-32
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the results of the experiment of collecting seed scallops which was made at Lake Saromako, Kitami, Hokkaidô, for four years, 1936-1939, conclusion can be drawn that the amount of setting seed scallops generally depends on the type of rise of water temperatures during the spawning season. Namely, the critical temperature of spawning of scallop in this district seems to be about 9°C, and the amount of setting seed scallops is great when the critical temperature occurs late in spawning season, (e.g. 1939), and is small when it, occurs early. (e.g. 1938).
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  • [in Japanese]
    1940 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 33-41
    Published: May 25, 1940
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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