The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences
Online ISSN : 2185-0968
Print ISSN : 0915-6380
ISSN-L : 0915-6380
Volume 4, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Yasuyuki TADOKORO, Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO, Seiji SHIODA, Yasumitsu NAKAI
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 115-123
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The innervation of vasopressin (VP) -containing neurons by brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) -containing neurons was examined by electron microscopy using a pre-embedding double immunostaining technique based on the consecutive use of silver-gold intensified peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex-3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (SGI-PAP-DAB) and the traditional PAP-DAB method in the same tissue sections. BNP-like immunoreactive (BNP-LI) nerve fibers and terminals were distributed in the ventral and dorsal parts of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) . Ultrastructural observation revealed that BNP-LI terminals that contained immunoreactive granular vesicles (90-120 nm diameter) formed synapse-like contacts with cell bodies and processes of magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the SON. On observation of double-immunostained sections of the rat hypothalamic SON, BNP-LI terminals were found to make synapse-like contacts with VP-like immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and processes. These findings suggest direct synaptic influence of BNP neurons on the secretory activity of VP-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamic SON.
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  • Tetsuo SAKAI, Shin INOUE, Tsukasa SAITO, Hideaki TACHIBANA, Youichi KO ...
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    HLA-DR antigen activity was examined in biopsied heart tissues from patients with pathologically diagnosed myocarditis to determine the relevance of immunoregulation. Biopsied specimens were stained with a monoclonal antibody for HLA-DR antigens using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Of 39 cases examined, 16 were active myocarditis (M group), 14 were healed myocarditis (HM group), and 9 had normal myocardium (N group) as controls. HLA-DR antigens were mainly observed on the surface of the vascular endothelial cells. In M and HM groups, HLA-DR positive cells per high power field (×400; HPF) were observed more frequently than in the N group (HM: 14.7±5.6, M: 9.7±6.3, N: 4.6±2.3; mean±S.D.) . All specimens were then classified into three groups according to the number of HLA-DR positive cells: negative group (0-5/HPF), positive group (5-10/HPF), and strongly positive group (10-/HPF), and the clinical findings of each group were compared. In the clinical diagnosis, 80% of the acute myocarditis strongly expressed HLA-DR antigens in their healing stage, and 71 % of dysrhythmic diseases expressed positive HLA-DR antigens. The results suggest that aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigens on vascular endothelial cells indicates a local immunological reaction in myocarditis.
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  • Takao SATO, Tadashi HISAMITSU, Michio SATO, Chifuyu TAKESHIGE
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 135-140
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Muscle stiffness occurs frequently after various physical exercises. It is palpable but is not expressed quantitatively. Acupuncture needling is known to be effective in reducing post-exercise muscle stiffness and pain. The present study was undertaken 1) to find suitable equipment to measure the degree of muscle hardness, and 2) to examine acupuncture needling effect on muscle stiffness. For this purpose we devised a new muscle hardness meter. Bilateral triceps surae muscles (TSM) of 30 male volunteers were loaded for 20 min by repeatedly standing on tiptoe at the edge of a table. The hardness of the bilateral TSM was increased 20% after exercise, but this increase was significantly (p<0.05) diminished by acupuncture needling immediately after the exercise. Sixty percent of the volunteers reported that the degree of pain was lower in the acupuncture needled side than in the control side. It was concluded that the muscle hardness meter was useful for quantitative analyses of muscle stiffness, and acupuncture needling was effective in reducing post-exercise muscle stiffness and pain.
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  • Takahiro JIMI, Yoshihiro WAKAYAMA, Atsushi TAKEDA, Nobuko MISUGI, Tosh ...
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 141-150
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We synthesized six peptide fragments of cysteine-rich and Carboxy (C) -terminal domains predicted from the dystrophin cDNA map, and immunohistochemically studied 62 biopsied muscles using six antibodies against these synthetic peptides. Twenty-two normal controls and 16 patients with diseases other than Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) clearly revealed continuous staining of dystrophin in the myofiber surface membrane by five antibodies, whereas 11 DMD patients showed negative staining. Seven of 13 BMD patients revealed patchy and faint immunolabelling, but immunostaining was negative for the other BMD patients. Most BMD patients had deletion sites at exons 45-47 or 45-48. Immunoblotting of normal muscles using six antibodies gave a 400 kDa single band, whereas no band was observed in DMD patients. An additional 320 kDa band was noted in controls with C-terminal antibodies.
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  • Mayumi TSUJI, Kyoko KODAMA, Daichi MORIOKA, Masako OKAZAKI, Katsuji OG ...
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 151-159
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on two kinds of membranes, biological and model membranes, were studied Erythrocytes and freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats were used to examine the effects of MAO inhibitors on biological membranes. Hydrazide and hydrazine derivatives, except isonicotinic acid, enhanced hemolysis and the stability of isolated hepatocytes membrane. Deprenyl and moclobemide stabilized the biological membranes of erythrocytes and isolated hepatocytes, and moclobemide induced slight enzyme leakage from isolated hepatocytes. Clorgyline and brof aromine had opposite effects. At lower concentrations, they remarkably inhibited hemolysis and enzyme leakage. At higher concentrations, they enhanced hemolysis and apparent enzyme leakage. To investigate effects of MAO inhibitors on a model membrane, changes of phase transition temperature of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes was determined. Brofaromine induced the most extreme decline of phase transition temperature. Deprenyl and clorgyline also induced moderate decline of transition temperature, and phenylhydrazine and ρ-tolylhydrazine induced mild decline. These results suggest that the effects of clorgyline and brofaromine on the membranes of erythrocytes and freshly isolated hepatocytes might be partly due to increased fluidity of membrane phospholipid. These severe membrane effects of MAO inhibitors might be the reason for their cytotoxicity.
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  • Hiroaki SANO, Takaki HAYASHI, Seiji SHIODA, Yasumitsu NAKAI
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 161-168
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Synaptic inputs of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) -like Immunoreactive axon terminals to neurons containing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region of the rat diencephalon were examined ultrastructurally by a pre-embedding double immunostaining technique combining the silver-gold intensified peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex-3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (SGI-PAP-DAB) method for ANP with the nonintensified PAP-DAB method for CRF. CRF-like Immunoreactive axon terminals were found to make asymmetrical or symmetrical synaptic contacts with ANP-like Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and processes in the AV3V region. These findings suggest that CRF-containing neurons may regulate the secretory activity, or other functions, or both, of ANP-containing neurons through synapses in the AV3V region of the rat diencephalon.
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  • Shigeo HASEGAWA, Youichi TAKEYAMA, Juichi HIROSHIGE, Takashi KATAGIRI
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 169-178
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Alteration of subcellular localization of atrial granules (AGs) and changes in serum level of α-human ANP (α-hANP) were studied in twenty patients with various heart diseases by right atrial biopsies and sampling blood from several intracardiac sites before and after atrial pacing at a rate of 150/min for 20 min. After atrial pacing the mean right atrial pressure (RAP) was significantly increased from 4±2 mmHg to 6±2 mmHg (p<0.01) and pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP) was also significantly increased from 8±3 mmHg to 14±5 mmHg (p<0.01) . The serum level of α-hANP in the right atrium (RA) was surprisingly increased from 64±35 to 295±119 pg/ml (p<0.01) after RA-pacing. The response to higher atrial pressures due to pacing caused tremendous secretion of α-hANP. The normal value of α-hANP level in the peripheral vein in the present study was 27±11 pg/ml. Electron dense AGs with diameters of 0.3 to 0.4 μm were abundant in atrial myocytes in the perinuclear area, especially in the Golgi area before atrial pacing. There were a few in the intermyofibrillar area, but they were scarce in the subsarcolemmal area, which suggested that the granules were produced in the Golgi apparatus. All AGs were confirmed to contain α-hANP. In this study the regulation of ANP in response to atrial pacing was elucidated by determining serum concentration of ANP in various cardiovascular sites and ultrastructural alteration of the distribution of atrial granules that contained α-hANP identified by immunocytochemistry. This study was performed in the complete absence of heart failure, and there were scarcely any disease specificities, or biased responses of the distribution of AGs in the atria to pacing.
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  • Yoshinobu SUZUKI, Ken SASAKI, Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO, Hidehiko OCHIAI, Yasu ...
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 179-187
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Dual Innervation of magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat hypothalamus by substance P (SP) - and catecholamine-containing neurons was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels by preembedding double immunostaining techniques using the antisera of SP and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and also by triple immunostaining that combined the preembedding double immunostaining with postembedding immunogold staining using the antiserum of neurophysin II (NPII), the carrier protein of vasopressin. The preembedding duoble immunostaining was accomplished by the double immunostaining technique which combined the silver-gold intensified (SGI) peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) -3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) method (SOT-PAP-DAB method) using the antiserum of SP with the non-intensified traditional PAP-DAB method using the antiserum of TH. In the double-immunostained sections, both TH-like and SP-like immunoreactive axon terminals were occasionally found to make synapses with the same magnocellular neurosecretory neurons. Furthermore, in the triple-immunostained sections, TH-like and SP-like immunoreactive and other unknown immunonegative axon terminals could be found to make synapse-like contact with the same NP II-like immunoreactive neurons in the SON of the rat hypothalamus. These findings suggest that at least catecholamine- and SP-containing neurons may co-operate to regulate the secretion of vasopressin from the same magnocellular neurosecretory neurons.
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  • —An Immunoelectron Microscopic Study—
    Juichi HIROSHIGE, Youichi TAKEYAMA, Shigeo HASEGAWA, Takashi KATAGIRI
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 189-201
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ultrastructural distribution and nature of atrial granules (AGs) in canine atrial muscle cells were examined by Immunoelectron microscopy. Changes in subcellular distribution of AGs after atrial pacing were evaluated relative to the serum level of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and atrial pressure. Thirty mongrel dogs were divided into three groups: group A, nonpaced group; group B, paced for 20 min; and group C, paced for 60 min. Atrial pacing was performed at a rate of 300 per minute, and serum ANP levels and hemodynamics were measured before and after the pacing for 10, 20, 40 and 60 min, in groups B and C. Specimens were excised from both atrial appendages and atria at the end of each experiment. Some were prepared for electron microscopy by either the usual transmission method or an immunocytochemical method, and the others were prepared for measurement of tissue concentration of ANP by radioimmunoassay (RIA) . In groups B and C, mean right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were both significantly higher throughout the pacing. In groups B and C, serum levels of ANP increased rapidly from 24±11 to 75±39 pg/ml within the first 10 min of pacing and remained higher, accompanied by higher atrial pressures, during atrial pacing. However, tissue concentration of ANP was not changed significantly by pacing in any part of the atrial tissue. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that all AGs contained immuno-positive α-hANP. In group B, AGs were predominant in the subsarcolemmal area. A number of caveolae, reflecting exocytosis of AGs, were also found along the sarcolemma. In group C, AGs and coated vesicles were increased especially in the Golgi area, suggesting accelerated synthesis of AGs. These results indicate that α-ANP containing in AGs are released by exocytosis, and the secretion is promoted by atrial pacing for 20 min, which also results in higher atrial pressures. Synthesis of α-ANP is concluded to be stimulated by further pacing for 60 min.
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  • Keiko SASUGA, Chiaki FUKAZAWA, Yukio KITAGAWA, Sadayuki SHO
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 203-210
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Inhibitory effects of several chlorides (NaCl, KCl, LiCl and CaCl2) and nitrates (NaNO3, KNO3, Ca (NO3) 2, Ba (NO3) 2 and Mg (NO3) 2) on the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) were studied in mitochondrial membrane preparations obtained by hypotonic treatment of mitochondria from the brain of hogs. The MAO activities were determined according to a modification of McEwen's method by measuring the benzaldehyde produced by enzymatic oxidation of the substrate benzylamine. All the chlorides strongly inhibited MAO activity. It was shown that the inhibition was not attributable to the positive ions such as Na+, K+ and Li+, but that negative ions such as Cl- and NO3- were responsible for the effects. The NO3- ions all showed 10 times the inhibitory effects of the Cl- ions. Analysis of the double-reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that all of the inhibitory actions were non-competitive and reversible.
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  • Kunihiko MURAMATSU, Takashi YOKOYAMA, Takafumi KAZAMA, Michio INOUE, H ...
    1992 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 211
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There were 18 cases of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur treated in Kitashinagawa General Hospital during the last five years. These have been examined for fracture type, fixation device, and results. It is very difficult to attain the stability of a fracture which is not only subtrochanteric, but may also be comminuted or intertrochanteric or both. In some cases, an intramedullary nail is the most beneficial for an old patient. However there is always a possibility of complication, such as malunion, especially if it is an unstable fracture. In young and middle age patients, it may be that open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) is usually better than a blind intramedullary nail. Each device has advantage and disadvantage, therefore in deciding the fixation device, consideration should be given to the exact fracture type, the age and activity of daily living (ADL) of the patient.
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