The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences
Online ISSN : 2185-0968
Print ISSN : 0915-6380
ISSN-L : 0915-6380
5 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • Ncbuko KOBAYASHI, Hideki KOBAYASHI, Amanda J. BAKER, Richard W. FULLER
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    β-Adrenergic agonists are used in the treatment of bronchial asthma for their bronchodilator effect, in addition, they may have anti-allergic effects. We investigated the effects of procaterol, a long acting β2 agonist, on human inflammatory cells including monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and lung mast cells. Procaterol caused dose-related inhibition of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) release from monocytes (63.43±3.36% at 10-5 M of procaterol: percentage of control TXB2 release) ; this effect was completely abolished by propranolol, suggesting that it is mediated via β2 receptors. In contrast, there was no inhibition of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) release. Further, procaterol dosedependently inhibited superoxide anion release from neutrophils (40.99±10.74% at 10-5 M: percentage of control O2-·release), which was partially reduced by propranolol. Procaterol had no effect on f ormyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylala-nine (FMLP) -induced neutrophil chemotaxis.Procaterol dose-dependently inhibited lung mast cell histamine release after anti-IgE challenge (59.66±6.13% at 10-5M) ; this effect was completely abolished by pre-treatment with propranolol. Procaterol (10-4M) only inhibited basophil histamine release 5 min after anti-IgE stimulation. Thus, procaterol, has inhibitory effects on some but not all functions of human monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells.
  • Yukio KATSUMURA, Koh-ichiro OHTSUBO, Shigeki SAIKI, Eisei NOGUCHI
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 13-25
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined the lungs from 214 autopsy cases, mainly elderly, to estimate the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism and its correlation with clinical features. At autopsy, each lung was distended and fixed by transbronchial infusion with 10% formalin, cut coronally into 5 mm thick slices, and inspected for thromboembolism. Clinical data of every case were reviewed with emphasis on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis, shock, malignancy, and cardiovascular disorders. Pulmonary thromboembolism was found in 86 cases (40.2%) . The total number of the thromboemboli was 194, and most of them were distal to the subsegmental pulmonary artery. Histologically confirmed complete pulmonary infarction was found in 10 cases (4.7%) . Statistically significant correlation existed between the thromboembolism and DIC (p<0.01), shock, sepsis, and malignancy (p<0.05) . Many patients in a state of shock or sepsis were concomitantly complicated with DIC. We concluded that blood hypercoagulability was critical to the formation of pulmonary thromboembolism.
  • Sun Bae HONG, Shizen ISHIKAWA, Yang Won KIM, Yoshiro NOZAKI, Kazuo OKU ...
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 27-38
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Drinking contaminated water remains a major concern for people involved in limiting health risks from environmental toxins. Among those toxins, the chlorinated solvent, trichloroethylene (TCE), is recognized as a remarkably potent teratogen for developing embryos. The purpose of the present investigation was to demonstrate teratogenic effects of TCE on the developing cardiovascular system of the avian embryo. In addition, physiological impairment was studied to obtain evidence of the possible mechanism. In the early stage, on day 4 of incubation, TCE (30 μM or 40 μM/0.05 ml of solution) was administered on the chorioallantoic membranes of developing chick embryos. Various types of cardiac malformation were noted in the experimental group. Abnormal electrocardiographic changes were detected 6 to 30 minutes after TCE application. The dorsal aortic flow was remarkably decreased in the same time phases. Ultrastructually, the cell degeneration of the embryonic myocardium was significant. The most characteristic cardiac anomalies, for example the developmental arrest types, are related to the interference of normal physiological and structural patterns in early stages of the embryonic cardiovascular system.
  • Masako OKAZAKI, Mayumi TSUJI, Hironori KATOH, Manabu MATSUMOTO, Katsuj ...
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 39-49
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Coagulative and fibrinolytic activities were simultaneously determined in isolated or cultured rat hepatocytes, since most coagulative and fibrinolytic factors are synthesized by liver parenchymal cells. Rat hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion. The hepatocytes were suspended in William's E medium containing fetal bovine serum, and cultured in plastic dishes previously coated with collagen for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Isolated and cultured hepatocytes were collected and sonicated, and medium from cultured cells was concentrated by ultrafiltration. Using these hepatocyte suspensions, the protein contents of the fibrin formed by incubation with Ca++ and tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA), which denoted coagulative activity, were stimulated by epinephrine addition. The protein contents of the insoluble residual fibrin after incubation without t-AMCHA, which expressed fibrinolytic activity, were stimulated by urokinase addition. The degrees of coagulative and fibrinolytic activities of the isolated and cultured hepatocytes were similar. In concentrated medium from cultured hepatocytes, coagulative and fibrinolytic activities can be determined by the same method. From these results, a simultaneous determination of coagulative and fibrinolytic activities in hepatocytes and concentrated medium can be utilized asin vitromodel systems to investigate the direct response of hepatocytes.
  • Hironori KATOH, Mayumi TSUJI, Masako OKAZAKI, Katsuji OGUCHI
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 51-62
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hepatocyte culture is useful for study of the secretory processes of plasma proteins such as coagulative and fibrinolytic factors, because most coagulative and fibrinolytic factors are synthesized by parenchymal cells in the liver. To investigatein vitrocorrelation between hepatotoxicity and coagulative and fibrinolytic activities, effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on primary cultured rat hepatocytes were studied. Hepatocytes (1 × 106 cells/ml) were obtained by collagenase perfusion from male Sprague-Dawley 6 week-old rats and suspended in William's E medium with fetal bovine serum. Treatment with CCl4 increased leakage of enzyme activity dose dependently. Urea-nitrogen content and amylase activity decreased significantly with high-dose CCl4 exposure. Coagulative activity in the medium, as expressed by the protein content of fibrin formed by incubation with Ca++ and tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA), increased in 24 and 48 h incubation with 10 and 15 mM CCl4. Fibrinolytic activity, as the insoluble residual fibrin after incubation without t-AMCHA, also increased. Plasminogen (PLG) content in hepatocytes decreased, and PLG content released into the medium increased in 24 and 48 h incubation with the high-dose CCl4. These results indicate that the hepatocytes that survive after CCl4 treatment retain coagulative and fibrinolytic activity, although the membrane integrity and capacity for synthesis of urea-nitrogen and amylase are severely limited.
  • Ken SASAKI, Hidekatsu MIZUSHIMA, Yoshinobu SUZUKI, Motohiko SHIMAZU, T ...
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 63-71
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    We analyzed the immunohistology and the quantitative temporal changes of immunotinctable endogenous vasodilators [calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ] induced in the rat amygdaloid complex (corpus amygdaloideum) by one-hour cerebral Ischemia. Blood levels of these vascular agonists were also measured and compared with the Immunohistochemical observation results. The immunotinctability of CGRP immunoreactive fibers decreased significantly 12 h after cerebral Ischemia. CGRP concentration in the blood increased significantly in the 6 to 12 h after cerebral Ischemia, decreased slightly at 24 h, and returned to normal levels at 3 days. The immunotinctability of SP immunopositive fibers decreased significantly 12 h to 24 h after cerebral Ischemia, recovered slightly at 3 days, and returned to near normal level at 1 week. Blood levels of SP decreased significantly 12 h after cerebral Ischemia and appeared normal at 24 h and 3 days. No significant changes were observed in the blood levels of VIP nor in the immunotinctability of VIP immunopositive fibers from 3 hours to 2 weeks after cerebral Ischemia. Our results suggest that after cerebral Ischemia increases CGRP secretion into the blood stream and CGRP synthesis in the amygdaloid complex decreases. SP is synthesized in the amygdaloid complex and its release into the blood stream during the first 12 to 24 h and does not change the blood levels of VIP in this model. Hence the effects of cerebral Ischemia effects on individual vasodilators vary.
  • Shuichi SUZUKI, Arata KANAMARU, Masato SIBUYA, Ikuo HOMMA
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 73-80
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The response of abdominal muscle to tapping stimulation was investigated in man. Phasic electromyogram (EMG) of abdominal external oblique muscle was recorded through a coaxial needle electrode simultaneously with the respiratory volume. Tapping stimulation was applied ipsilateral to the electrode using a moving coil driven by rectangular electrical pulses. The abdominal muscle was more sensitive to tapping stimulation in the expiratory phase than in the inspiratory phase. The respiratory discharge started earlier in the expiratory phase and continued even into the early inspiratory phase during tapping stimulation. These results suggest that the profile of abdominal EMG activity may reflect the waxing and waning of central respiratory drive potentials (CRDP), and tapping stimulation-induced afferent activity may lower the threshold of the expiratory motoneurons.
  • Michiaki NARUSHIMA, Hajime SUZUKI, Eisei NOGUCHI
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 81-87
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hyposensitization therapy for asthmatics is widely used in Japan. In this study, we report the status of house dust hyposensitization in Fujigaoka Hospital during the last 16 years. We investigated the number of asthmatics who received house dust hyposensitization from 1975 to 1990, especially in 1983 and 1987. For 1983, we examined the efficacy and clinical course of that therapy in 89 patients. The number of asthmatics visiting our department has gradually increased, but the number of asthmatics receiving hyposensitization has decreased in the last 8 years. The therapy was received by only 30 patients (33%) from 1983 to 1990, and 59 patients discontinued therapy because their condition improved. Anti-allergic drugs were mostly used after therapy discontinuation. Hyposensitization efficacy was 75%. The results for 1987 were nearly the same as for 1983. House dust hyposensitization has been one of the most effective therapies against bronchial asthma, but the number of asthmatics who receive that treatment is decreasing because anti-allergic drugs are now becoming equally effective.
  • Qing-Ping WANG, Hidehiko OCHIAI, Yasumitsu NAKAI
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 89-98
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    GABA-like immunoreactive neuronal profiles and their synaptic relations in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat midbrain were studied by electron microscope Immunocytochemistry, using anti-GABA antibody. By pretreatment with colchicine, the GABA-like immunoreactive neurons could be clearly identified. The perikarya and dendrites usually received synaptic inputs from nonimmunoreactive axon terminals, but also received some synaptic contacts from GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals. These synapses were usually symmetrical, but sometimes asymmetrical. The GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals made synapses, usually symmetrical, with non-immunoreactive perikarya and dendrites, although some dendritec synapses were asymmetrical. In the neuropil, a few synapses appeared between GABA-like immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive axon terminals. In this case, the GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals were either presynaptic or postsynaptic.
  • Toshinori KATO, Kazuo OKUYAMA
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 99-114
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    To assess the maturation of the sagittal brain and estimate the prognosis of brain impairment, SPECT after injection of N-isopropyl-p- [I-123] -iodoamphetamine (I-123-IMP) and MR imaging was performed on 40 patients with brain injury at birth or with pediatric brain diseases. The sagittal image patterns of SPECT were compared with the myelination process on MR images. The 40 children were followed neurologically for more than two years after these examinations. The sagittal images of SPECT in 28 normal neurological developed children ranging in age from the neonatal period to 17 years old were classified into eight patterns, and clear increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) correlated with myelination. Four patients with mild brain impairment showed that the developmental pattern was lower than that for the corresponding age of normal neurological developed children. Eight patients with severe brain impairment yielded images that did not correspond to any of the eight patterns, and an increase in rCBF did not correlate with myelination. Our preliminary results may provide useful milestones for estimating the impairment and the prognosis in developing brain using SPECT.
  • Motoki OTSUBO, Tadanao KIMURA, Etsuo FUJIMAKI
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 115-127
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The myofibrous composition of the tibialis anterior and vastus intermedius muscles in 8-week-old Wistar strain rats was studied after a 3-week program of treadmill running to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and the effects of different exercise intensity. The animals were classified into three groups: Group I ran 30 minutes three times a week, Group II ran 30 minutes six times a week and the control. The tibialis anterior and vastus Intermedius muscles were removed at the age of 8 weeks, and cross-section areas were measured and classified into three muscle fiber types: red, white and intermediate in the section stained by succinic dehydrogenase or Sudan black B. The size of the muscle fibers and the ratio of the three muscle fiber types in a cross-section were measured and calculated to assess the muscle composition. The ratio of muscle fiber types in the loaded groups was not different from the control in either the tibialis anterior or the vastus Intermedius. The size of muscle fibers, however, increased in Groups I and II. In the tibialis anterior, the ratio of hypertrophy was particularly high in the white muscle fibers; in the vastus intermedius, it was very high in the red muscle fibers.
  • Yoshiroh TOHMA, Yukiko SHIMIZU, Kiyofumi KAWAI, Hiroshi CHIBA, Masafum ...
    1993 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 129-135
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    A highly specific method, selected ion monitoring (SIM), using [7, 7-2H2] 19-hydroxytestosterone (19-OHT) as an internal standard, was newly developed to determine 19-OHT in serum. Steroids in serum obtained from the ovarian vein were extracted with ethyl acetate. Following separation by thin layer chromatography, the 19-OHT fraction was subjected to SIM after formation of the methoxime-trimethylsilyl (MOTMS) derivative. Mass spectra of the 19-OHT-MOTMS derivative was dominated by the molecular cation [M] + (m/e 477) . Serum concentration of 19-OHT was 280 pg/ml in ovarian vein. This is the first evidence of 19-OHT in human blood.
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