Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-9213
Print ISSN : 0369-4550
ISSN-L : 0369-4550
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Volume 63, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Greeting
Special Issue : “Gift from the Sea : Minerals, Life Forms, Economic Growth Strategy in Local Areas”
Review
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Original Paper
  • Effectiveness of Making Bay Scallops Parental Stock to Natural Spat Collection in Uragou-bay, Oki, Shimane Prefecture, Japan
    Hitoshi Semura, Koji Yamamoto, Toshio Sato
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 130-136
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.130
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    We investigated the effectiveness of making an artificial parental stock of Bay Scallops for the natural spat collection in Uragou-bay, Oki, Shimane prefecture.
    A total of 15,000 individual one-year old Bay Scallops divided into several groups were suspended at 5m, 15m, 25m, and 35m depths in June 1987. We measured the survival ratio of each depth group, the larval appearance frequency at the surrounding four stations, and the appearance condition of adhesion spat.
    The 25m depth group showed the highest survival ratio of 80% over all and we also observed a small quantity of extraneous matter till March 1988. These results suggested that a depth region from 20m to 30m was suitable for making parental stock due to the small influence of temperature and extraneous matter.
    It was clear that the ripening/spawning time of one-year old Bay Scallops was related to larval appearance/spat adhesion time. So making an artificial parental stock of Bay Scallops was estimated to increase the number of natural spat collection in Uragou Bay. However, the numerical relation between the number of parental stock and production number of spat could not be estimated.
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  • Growth Characterization and Production of Carotenoid of Gordonia terrae Isolated from the Seto Inland Sea
    Yukiho Yamaoka, Marvelisa L.Carmona
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 137-143
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.137
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    Gordonia terrae isolated from the Seto Inland Sea showed a wide tolerance to salinity; that is, the optimum salinity was shown to be between 0 and 9%. The optimum growth was at temperatures of 23 to 35°C, glucose at 3% and yeast extracts 0.3 to 1%, Gordonia terrae utilized glucose, mannose, mannitol, fructose, sacchalose, ramminarine and starch (potatoses) as a substrate for growth. The optimum carotenoid glucosyl mycosyl esters was at NaCl 1.5 to 3%, glucose at 5%, temperature at 23°C.
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  • Effect of Controlling Protein Degeneration and Maintaining Egg Cell Form by Addition of “Wild Plants Water Extract Minerals” to Sio-Tarako
    Takayuki Murakami, Mitose Kadowaki, Hironobu Oshima, Toshio Sato
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 144-149
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.144
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    The authors have developed application research for “Wild Plants Water Extract Minerals; WPE-Minerals” as an ingredient for making safe high-quality foods. In this report, we investigated additional effectiveness on Sio-Tarako, especially in terms of controlling protein degeneration and maintaining egg cell form. Additional amount of WPE-Minerals were 0.05 w/w % of cod roe weight in the salt-preserved process of Sio-Tarako. In the results, the production amount of volatile basic nitrogen for WPE-Minerals-added Sio-Tarako was less than that for non-WPE-Minerals-added Sio-Tarako. Moreover, based on the SEM observation, the egg cell form of WPE-Minerals-added Sio-Tarako was maintained due to no shrinkage or loss of follicular layer.
    From these results, it is clear that the addition of WPE-Minerals was effective in controlling protein degeneration and maintaining egg cell form of Sio-Tarako.
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  • Oral Administration of Plant Mineral Mixture Increases the Growth Rate and the Biodefense Activity, and Reduces the Excessive Stress Responsiveness of the juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
    Kiyomi Takase, Satoshi Sato, Takayuki Murakami, Mitose Kadowaki, Izuru ...
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 150-157
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.150
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    The influence of the oral administration of a mineral mixture derived from wild plants (Plant Mineral Mixture) on the growth rate, the non-specific biodefense activity and the stress responsiveness of the juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, weighing about 6g, were examined. Fish were divided into 3 groups: the control was fed a commercial diet, another group a low-mineral (50mg/kg body weight/day : L group) diet and a third group a high-mineral (500mg/kg body weight/day : H group) diet. All were cultured for 6 weeks. Significant increases in the growth rate and non-specific biodefense activities such as skin mucous lyso-enzyme activity, the number and the phagocytic activity of granulocyte were observed in fish with the oral administration of Plant Mineral Mixture (L and H groups) . The blind side pigmentation in the fish was reduced in L and H groups. Plasma cortisol levels from fishes in the L group in the recovering period after being kept out of water for 10 minutes were significantly low compared to those of the control, though no significant difference was found between the control and H groups. These results suggest that oral administration of the Plant Mineral Mixture increased the growth rate and the non-specific biodefence activity, and reduced the excessive stress responsiveness in the juvenile Japanese Flounder.
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Original Paper
  • Trace Element Deficiency, Especially Iron Deficiency, Causes the Discoloration of Sea Laver, Nori, in the Ariake Sea
    Jinghua Zhang, Tomonori Sato, Ryoma Maruyama, Yuji Takao, Tasuku Azena ...
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 158-166
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.158
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    As a result of intensive chemical analyses of discolored sea laver (nori) samples, the direct cause of discoloration could be ascribed to the deficiency of trace metals, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn, as well as to a deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this study, in order to clarify the effect of trace metals on the production of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a and phycobilins, Porphylla yezoensis was cultured in the presence and absence of iron, and the production of the pigments was monitored. Also, the suspended mud specific to the Ariake Sea was found to be a good source of iron and other trace metals for the production of the pigments. The actual cause of discoloration of nori in the Ariake Sea was speculated in view of struggling for the trace metal nutrition between nori and phytoplanktons.
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  • Development of Novel Ion-Exchange Membranes for Electrodialysis of Seawater by Electron-Beam-Induced Graft Polymerization
    (I) Selection of Trunk Polymeric Films
    Kazuyoshi Miyoshi, Tadashi Miyazawa, Naohiro Sato, Daisuke Umeno, Kyoi ...
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 167-174
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.167
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    Cation- and anion-exchange membranes were prepared by electron-beam-induced graft polymerization of an epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer, glycidyl methacrylate, onto trunk polymeric films and subsequent introduction of sulfonic acid and trimethylammonium groups into the epoxy group, respectively. Nine kinds of commercially available polymeric films were used as a trunk polymeric film: low-density and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyamide (NY), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), and copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoethylene (PFA). HDPE- and NY-made films were selected as favorable trunk polymeric films according to the grafting rate of GMA and the strength of the resultant GMA-grafted membranes. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis demonstrated that the distance between the crystalline regions of HDPE increased from 25 to 49 and 38 nm, accompanied by the graft polymerization of GMA and introduction of sulfonic acid and trimethylammonium groups, respectively.
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  • Development of Novel Ion-Exchange Membranes for Electrodialysis of Seawater by Electron-Beam-Induced Graft Polymerization
    (II) Graft Polymerization of Vinyl Benzyltrimethylammonium Chloride and Sodium Styrenesulfonate onto Nylon-6 Film
    Tadashi Miyazawa, Yuki Asari, Kazuyoshi Miyoshi, Daisuke Umeno, Kyoich ...
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 175-182
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.175
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    Anion- and cation-exchange membranes were prepared by means of electron-beam-induced graft polymerization of vinyl benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), respectively, onto a nylon-6-made film. VBTAC- and SSS-grafted membranes prepared for a reaction time of 48 and 8h in methanol and water as a solvent of VBTAC and SSS had membrane resistances of 3.2 and 2.2Ωcm2, respectively, for 0.5mol/L sodium chloride. These membrane resistances were to 20% higher and 8% lower than those of commercially available ion-exchange membranes, ASA and CSO, supplied by AGC Engineering Co. Electrodialysis of 0.5mol/L sodium chloride with the resultant ion-exchange membranes was performed at a current capacity of 30mA/cm2 (25°C). The chloride ion concentration in brine for the electrodialysis with a pair of the VBTAC-grafted membrane and CSO were 3.8mol/L, which was 95% that for electrodialysis with a pair of ASA and CSO; whereas a pair of ASA and the SSS-grafted membrane exhibited 105% chloride ion concentration in brine compared to a pair of ASA and CSO.
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  • Study on Bridge Formation Mechanism between NaCl Crystals and Functions of Anti-caking Agents
    Hayato Mineo, Yuiko Saito, Ayako Ohno, Kazumasa Nakamura, Hitoshi Shin ...
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 183-189
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.183
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    As a model for the caking of salt particles, bridge formation processes between NaCl single crystals were observed using optical microscopy. Starting with a liquid bridge of NaCl aq. connecting two crystal plates, NaCl crystal growth was observed during the evaporation of water at room temperature, both on the liquid surface and at three-phase boundaries on the substrates. In a rare case, under lower relative humidity (32%), small crystals formed on the liquid surface connected with one another, forming a tubular solid bridge. In most cases, however, the crystal growth occurred mainly at the three-phase boundaries on the substrates. The crystals grew along the liquid surface, finally forming a tubular solid bridge. The bridge contained a substantial amount of solution inside, which later caused efflorescence growth along the contact line of the tubes grown from both sides. In low temperature experiments at –10°C with the same experimental setup, growth of NaCl·2H2O crystals were observed in the solution. A mechanism for low temperature caking due to the crystal formation. With the addition of K4 [Fe(CN)6], an anti-caking agent, at room temperature, lots of pores were formed on the tubular wall of the NaCl bridge. Due to stabilization of {120} faces, the growth front of the wall most probably took a rugged shape, resulting in the formation of a fragile bridge. The functions of other anti-caking agents, namely, the water-retaining effect of CaCl2 and isolation effect of basic magnesium carbonate, were also studied.
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Note
  • Effect of Initial Biofilm Formed Inside an Aluminum Brass Pipe on the Fouling Factor
    Kouta Shioda, Haruo Mimura, Kazutoshi Yoshida, Takashi Miwa
    2009 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 190-194
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.63.190
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    We used an aluminum brass pipe, which had been removed from a main condenser and cleaned, to measure the overall heat transfer coefficient. The initial value was 3.4×103 (W m–2·K–1), which scarcely changed during 7 days of seawater flow. After 7 days, the value reduced linearly and showed 2.4×103 (W m–2·K–1) for 35 days of seawater flow. The fouling factor was calculated based on the values of the overall heat transfer coefficient. The value for 7 days of seawater flow was 2.4× 10–5 (m2·K W–1). It increased linearly and reached 1.5×10–4 (m2·K W–1) over 35 days. For 21 days, no growth of any small living things was observed, but adhesion of organic substances was confirmed with a scanning electron microscope. Marine bacteria and microorganisms with string shapes were observed during 35 days of seawater flow. These results indicate that the point where the fouling factor starts to increase is qualitatively related to the period during which the amount of adhesion of organic substances starts to increase inside the pipe, and the linearity of the increased fouling factor depends on an increase in the total amount of organic substances, regardless of whether they are living or not.
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