All issues
Volume 64 (2010)
- Issue 6 Pages 317-
- Issue 5 Pages 243-
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 64, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Greeing
-
Hideki Tsuge2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 317
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (760K)
Special Issue : “Developments of crystallization technologies for utilization of seawater resources”
Review
-
Hiroshi Takiyama, Ryo Ohmura, Koji Masaoka, Ryuta Misumi, Masakazu Mat ...2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 318-322
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this review, the following five contents were mainly studied for investigating the integrated utilization technology of sea water resources. (1) Re-consideration of the sea water resources. (2) Reappraisal of the production economy of the resources. (3) Trend survey of utilization technology of sea water resources. (4) Proposal of novel integrated utilization process for sea water resources. The novel utilization process is an integrated process which consists of CO2 capture, desalination, salt production and soda process. This process flow is as follows: The sea water is fed into a reverse osmotic membrane process after sulfate ion is removed. The residual of desalination water is fed to an ion exchange membrane as condensed sea water. The condensed sea water is fed into a salt production process. The salt is fed in to an electrolytic soda process.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K)
Note
-
Kouji Maeda, Yoshinori Komoto, Hidetoshi Kuramochi, Yusuke Asakuma, Ke ...2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 323-328
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe major marine resources are electrolytes, and they are mainly dissolved as ions. More than 70 wt% of electrolytes are sodium chloride, but other electrolytes are also dissolved in seawater. To develop a separation or recovery of electrolytes in seawater, we discussed the electrolyte solution model applied to several electrolytes in seawater. The electrolyte NRTL (Non-Random Two Liquid model) for activity coefficient can be applied to multicomponent systems. Twelve solubility data of two-component systems (water + one electrolyte) are correlated by the solubility product function with the electrolyte NRTL model, and we determined the parameters of solubility products. Some solubility data of three-component systems (water + two electrolytes) were compared to the predicted solubility by electrolyte NRTL model.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K)
Commentary
-
Yoshiyuki Shirakawa2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 329-334
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquid-liquid interfacial crystallization was proposed as a novel method for controlling the crystal shape and size. The crystallization was performed at interfaces forming two separate phases of aqueous solution and organic solvent in the present study, and progressed with increases of supersaturation caused by the slightly mutual diffusion in the liquid-liquid system. This crystallization process can precipitate particles at room and constant temperature without cooling or heating sources. The liquid-liquid interfacial crystallization method was able to change the shape of the interface.
A spherical shape was formed in droplets made by 3-way nozzle in the present liquid atomization process. The droplets of the solution sprayed into the organic phase. The collision between the solutions from the nozzle in compressed air produced the micro-size droplets of the solution. In the 1-butanol liquid, NaCl and glycine crystallized at their liquid-liquid interface and the spherical aggregated particles were obtained. The aggregated NaCl particles had a hollow structure and the glycine particles were porous.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K)
Review
-
Ryuta Misumi, Kazuhiko Nishi, Meguru Kaminoyama2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 335-342
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor highly efficient evaporative crystallization, all of the following are required: (a) high crystal growth rate through high heating rate, (b) a large number of crystal particles to prevent surplus nucleation even with high heating rates, and (c) stable crystal growth. To achieve these, control of the crystal particle number in a vessel with a homogeneous (or well controlled) suspension is the most important, because a high suspension density slurry generally needs a high power stirring that readily leads numerous particle abrasion and subsequent secondary nucleation. In order to solve these problems, the authors introduced an optimally designed draft-tube stirred vessel for use with a high suspension density slurry. In this article we introduce our newest study about following: (i) the concept of the optimally designed draft-tube for use with a high suspension density slurry based on measurements of power consumption to achieve the ‘just complete suspension’ state, (ii) the influences of seeding conditions and heating rate on the crystal growth rate of sodium chloride in semi-batch operation, and (iii) the influences of stirring operations and slurry concentration on both the time evolution of the crystal particle number and the crystal size distribution in continuous operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1343K)
Original Paper
-
Koji Masaoka, Tomohiko Karube, Akio Nakamura2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 343-352
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships between composition and solution properties, such as density, viscosity, electrical conductivity and refractive index, in the concentration process of brines obtained by the ion exchange membrane were examined. Moreover estimation models of each solution property were formulated. Each solution property changes with an increase in magnesium ion content (CMg) as a barometer of concentration degree. The behavior of each change differs in the following ranges of concentration degree; they are the unsaturation range, the deposition range of sodium chloride, and the deposit range of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Moreover, the purity of sodium chloride in brine (PNaCl) and temperature (t) affect the relationship between each property and magnesium ion content. From the data obtained, empirical formulas for estimating each property were developed using applying CMg, PNaCl and t as predictor variables. It has been suggested that each property can be estimated with high precision using these empirical formulas, in the range of CMg=5% (22.4% as MgCl2 content) and less, PNaCl=87-93%, and t=50-90°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K)
Short Paper
-
Haruo Mimura, Kazutoshi Yoshida2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 353-354
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResting cells of a marine Vibrio sp. were exposed to sodium cholate of up to 0.1% for 30 min at higher salt stresses, and surviving cells were counted. As a result, the number of surviving cells drastically decreased to 103.9 CFU ml−1 at 1.40 M NaCl from 108.6 CFU ml−1 at 0.50 M NaCl. No surviving cell was observed at 1.85 M NaCl, where structural damage to the cells was confirmed by means of scanning electron micrographs. Viable cells did not decrease at all due to exposure to 1.85M NaCl alone. These results indicate that the intact structure of cell wall plays an important role in preventing the influx of drugs into periplasm for marine Vibrios.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K)
Original Papers
-
—Examination of a Model of Water and NaCl Transfer for Pickled Turnip—Yuka Nakayama, Masami Hasegawa2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 355-359
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish a method of determining the operation conditions for pickle production, a model of water and NaCl transfer were examined. In the experiments, a turnip was immersed in NaCl solutions of different concentrations (pickling solutions), and water and NaCl transfer phenomena during immersion were examined. The larger the difference in NaCl concentration between the turnip and the pickling solution, the rate of water and NaCl transfer were higher. When the difference in NaCl concentration between the turnip and pickling solution became nearly zero, there is a possibility that the transfer of water and NaCl transfer stopped. From the above result, the difference in NaCl concentration between the turnip and the pickling solution was considered to be the dominant promoter of water and NaCl transfer. We formulated an equation of material transfer during water and NaCl transfer using the NaCl concentrations of the pickled sample and pickling solution as driving force. As a result, the rate coefficient of this equation was almost constant. When the change of the NaCl concentrations in the turnip was estimated by using our model, the estimated values well agreed with the measured values.View full abstractDownload PDF (958K) -
(IV) Polymeric Structures of Cation-Exchange Membranes Based on Nylon-6 FilmTadashi Miyazawa, Yuki Asari, Kazuyoshi Miyoshi, Daisuke Umeno, Kyoich ...2010 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 360-365
Published: December 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCation-exchange membranes containing a sulfonic acid group were prepared by electron-beam-induced graft polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) onto a nylon-6 film with a thickness of 25 μm. The lamella sizes and lamella-to-lamella intervals of the resultant cation-exchange membranes (SSS membranes) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. With increasing degrees of grafting, the lamella size decreased, whereas the lamella-to-lamella interval increased. This can be explained by that the poly-SSS chain grafted to the periphery of the lamella of nylon 6 partially destroys the lamella and invades the amorphous domain among the lamella. The SSS membrane with a degree of grafting of 150% exhibited a similar performance in the electrodialysis of 0.5 M sodium chloride as a current cation-exchange membrane and possessed the lamella sizes and lamella-to-lamella intervals of 7.6 and 13 nm, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|