The automatic analyser for determination of metals in airborne dust by fluorescent X-ray spectrometry using standard materials prepared by vaccume evaporation technique has been accomplished.
This automatic analyser consists of the new type airborne dust sampler using circular glass fiber filter reinforced by metal rings and fluorescent X-ray spectrometer with automatic sample exchanging mechanism.
The new type airborne dust sampler holds hundred circular glass fiber filters reinforced by metal rings, and collects airborne dust samples on these filters in every setting times using sample exchanging mechanism and air suction pump.
The fluorescent X-ray spectrometer mesures automatically X-ray intensity for airborne dust samples collected by the new type airborne dust sampler, and calculats atmospheric metal concentrations.

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The evaluation of gas phase coulometry for measurement of atmospheric halocarbons and its practical conditions were studied.
It was necessary to set the proper conditions of carrier gas flow rate, ECD temperature and pulse frequency which affect to accuracy on coulometry.
Applicable compounds for gas phase coulometry in atmospheric halocarbons were CCl₃F, CH₃I, CCl₄, C₂H₃Cl₃ and C₂Cl₄.

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Recently chlorofluorocarbons (CCl₃F, CCl₂F₂ etc) are used widely as refrigerants and aerosol propellants.
Concentrations and regional distribution of CCl₃F in Tokyo area were surveyed. Levels of CCl₃F in central parts and suburbs of Tokyo were 0.22-1.42 ppb (ay. 0.53) and 0.17-0.26 ppb (ay. 0.22), respectively.
Heavy pollution in central parts of Tokyo may be associated with numerous sources such as buildings which were using CCl₃F as refrigerants for turbo type air conditioners.

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This paper discribes a sample method for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, This method consists of the following procedures. Soil samples are passed thruogh a screen of 28 mesh for removing fine stands and rubbish. PAH in the soil samples are extracted with 150 ml of benzene for 8 hours by with Soxhlet's appratus. The extracted benzene solution is then evaporated to dryness at low temperture (ca. 40°C) by a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in a small volume of benzene. PAH in the benzene solution are separated into each component with one-dimensional dual band thinlayer chromatography [Thin-layer plate; Kieselguhr G (2×20, cm)-(26% Acetylated cellulose + Cellulose D-0) (95: 5, w/w, 16×20, cm), Developer; Ethanol-Ether-Water (4: 4: 1, v/v) for the 1st development, Methanol-Ether-Water (4: 4: 1, v/v) for the 2nd development]. Each PAH spot separated on the thinlayer is scraped off into a small centrifugal-tube. After adding 4 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into a tube, ultra sonic extraction is carried out for 10 minutes in order to completely dissolve PAH into DMSO. This DMSO solution is centrifuged for 5 minutes. PAH in the supernatant is identified by comparison of its fluorescence and excitation spectra with those of standard PAH solution and determined spectrofluorometrically by narrow base line method. The accuracy of this method was high and stable. For example, recovery and its coefficient of variation was 97.2% and 1.01% for pyrene, 96.7% and 1.58% for benz (a) anthracene, 95.7% and 2.06% for benzo (a) pyrene, and 94.3% and 1.58% for benzo (ghi) perylene.
Authors applied this method to the analysis of PAH in soil, and 11 PAH were identified. They were pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, anthanthrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benz (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, perylene, benzo (e) pyrene and benzo (ghi) perylene. The identified PAH except benzo (b) fluoranthene were also determined quantitatively. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in soils in urban areas were much higher than those in soils in rural areas. The contents were 53-4930 ppb in urban area and 0.07-11 ppb in rural area. Benzo (a) pyrene contents in urban soils were higer in winter as compared with those in summer. PAH contents in soils which were sampled in Yotsuyakamimachi, Kawasaki-shi a heavy air pollution area in winter of 1973 were ranged from 3.33 to 65.0 ppm for pyrene, from 3.09 to 70.7 ppm for fluoranthene, from 1.02 to 24.8 ppm for chrysene, from 0.44 to 10.8 ppm for benz (a) anthracene, from 0.94 to 22.1 ppm for benzo (a) pyrene, from 0, 29 to 8.94 ppm for benzo (k) fluoranthene, from 0.20 to 4.95 ppm for perylene, from 0.30 to 10.4 ppm for benzo (e) pyrene, from 0.12 to 2.78ppm for anthanthrene, and from 0.94 to 14.9 ppm for benzo (ghi) perylene. These findings suggest strongly the fact that soils in urban area are polluted by PAH including carcinogenic benzo (a) pyrene.

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オゾン0.2,二酸化窒素3.0,二酸化硫黄1.2,エチレン5.0ppmでケヤキを1日8時間あて連続8日間くん蒸し,不可視障害段階における微細構造の変化を比較した。
1)正常な葉縁体はラメラが密に,平行に配列されていたが,グラナは明らかでなかった。各種の膜構造,細胞器官も正常と認められた。
2)オゾンによって細胞はかなり液胞化し,ゴルジ体両端に小胞が形成され,リボゾームも変質した。葉緑体ラメラの乱れは著しかった。
3)二酸化窒素によっては各種の膜構造や葉緑体以外の細胞器官はまったく正常であったにもかかわらず,葉緑体ラメラは溶解状態となり,さらにインターグラナラメラと思われる部分が切断された。この現象は二酸化窒素だけに見られた著しい特徴であった。
4)二酸化硫黄区のみ軽度の可視障害が発現したが,健全と思われる部分の細胞も原形質分離や細胞質の変質など,激しい障害が観察された。それにもかかわらず,葉緑体ラメラの乱れや損傷は少なく,オゾン,二酸化窒素と著しく異なった。
5)エチレンによって葉緑体中の好オスミウム果粒は顕著に増加および肥大した。しかし,その程度は細胞によってかなり差があった。また,一部の細胞においてゴルジ体の両端に小胞が形成され,細胞質の液胞化が進んだものが観察された。この現象はオゾンによる変化の一つに酷似した。

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