The effects of air pollution were investigated on high school students in Yokkaichi city, inquiring into the consequential effect to the children, as ten years had already passed since the episode of air pollution occurred there.
The following results were obtained.
1) A greater part of students with the histories of chronic bronchitis and asthmatic bronchitis during childhood had more favorable progress as compared to the older age groups, even if they have lived in the polluted area for a long time. However a part of students with bronchial asthma had an unfavorable progress.
2) The prevalences of chronic bronchitis (Fletcher) and asthmoid attack, were not much different from those in non-polluted area.
A further follow up investigation should he done, as many of the students were seen complaining of persistent cough and phlegm in polluted area.

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Several series of sampling of light hydrocarbons in ambient air were made in 1970 and 1971. Air was taken in a 200ml syrings for every 30 to 60 minutes on a roof of the 5th story of the Institute of Public Health (I. P. H) building in Minato-ku, Tokyo and measured by gas chromatography.
A U-sharped trap (1.5ft x 1/in. od. stainless steel tube) filled glass beads (30/60mesh) was attached to six-port gas sampling valve on a gas chromatograph. The sampling gas in a 200ml syringe was passed through the trap which was chilled in liquid oxygen. The trap was then brought to 60-80°C by hot water and its contents simultaneously swept into the column. The chromatographic column was consisted of a 36ft x 1/8in. od. stainless steel tube packed with 10% dimethyl sulfolane coated on 40/60mesh of C-22 plus 1. 5ft x 1/8in. od. stainless steel tube packed with 10% carbowax 600 coated on 40/60mesh C-22. The dimethylsufolane column and the carbowax 600 column respectively maintained at 0°C and room temperature during analytical procedures. Dry nitrogen was used as carrier gas and its flow rate was 20ml/min. The results of the measurements are shown in the appendix.
The diurnal variations of total light hydrocabon concentrations incicate two peaks in a day and are very similar to that of the SO₂ concentrations at the Tokyo Tower (see Fig. 1), although the sources of hydrocarbon and SO₂ are apparently different. Therefore their concentrations are probably strongly affected by weather.
The percentages of each hydrocarbon in total hydrocarbons are shown in Fig. 2. The proportions of propane. isobutane and n-butane reach maximum in the midnight, but that of propylene, I-butene, and isobutene which are active in photochemical reaction are approximately constant. The standard deviations of these variation of concentrations of these hydrocarbons increase in the following order, 1-butene, isobutene <propylene<n-pentane<isopentane<2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane<n-hexane<isobutane<n-butane<propane<acetylene.
The correlation coefficients and the slopes of regression lines were also calculated between the concentrations of two different components, and the diagram of correlation was constructed (see Table. 1 and Fig.3), It should be noticed that the correlations of isobutane-n-butane, and isopentane-n-pentane are always very significant, all the slopes of the regression lines containning the value at intersections are nearly equal (see Table. 2). These show that the main source of ambient hydrocarbons is seemed to he automobile exhaust.
To estimate the contribution of the source to ambient hydrocarbons, we measured hydrocarbon concentrations at various sources which are listed in Table. 3. It is recognized from Table 3 that the main sources of ambient propane, isobutane, n-butane, isopentane and n-pentane are the exhaust gases from “gasoline A”, “gasoline B ” and “propane” shown in Table 3, gasoline vapor, and leak of liquid propane gas. The rate of contribution of these five sources can be calculated from the values in Table 3 on several suppositions. Supposing “gasoline A”/ “gasoline B” ratio to be the same as that described in the National date in 1969, the validity of these suppositions could be tested by using isobutane concentration, and it is proved by the agreement between the calculatedand found values (see Table 4). The proportions of source strenght [of], “Propane-power autoes” to that of “gasoline-powered autoes” were calculated from eq.(12) and the diurnal variations are shown in Fig 4. It is always found that the propane-drived taxies are relatively abundant at midnight.

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In the sammer of 1970, a peculier peak was found on the gas chromatograms of ambient air, The peak was present at the day time, but it disappeared at the night. For the present, the peak was named peculier peak A (see Fig. 1, 2, and 3)
Ambient air was sampled on the roof of the Institute of Public Health building by a 200ml glass syringe. After closed by poly-etylene chloride cap, the syringe was carried to the laboratory. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography within 2 hours.
A U-shape trap filled glass beads was attached to the gas sampling valve on a gas chromatograph. The sampling gas in a 200ml syringe was passed through the trap which was chilled with liquid oxygen. The trap was then brought to 60-80°C by hot water and its contents simultaneously swept into the column. The analytical conditions for the gas chromatograph are shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
Effects on the peculier peak A were researched for sunlight, different sampling syringes, standing time, and sampling method about ambient air. These results show that peculier peak A was formed from slight stain of a syringe with sunlight (see Table 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).
Further investigations were undertaken to determine effects of balancing gas, the degree of stain of syringes, and light source on peculier peak A. It was confirmed that peculier peak A was remarkably influenced by the stain of human fingers and it was scarcely influenced by balancing gas and poly-ethylene chloride tube. Then, the effect of light source was found to increase in this order: luorescent lamp, tungsten lamp blacklight lamp, infrared lamp, and sunlight. But the intensity and the wavelength distributron of light were not measured (see Table 6, 7, and 8).
Some absorbents and adsorbents were noted to be the other source of peculier peak A. Similar peaks to peculier peak A were found on the some syringes, absorbents, and adsorbents (see Table 10 and Fig. 6).
The identification of peculier peaks was tried from the comparison of retention time and subtractive techniques. The retention data showed that peculier peak A was not alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones and peculier peak B was acrolein or acetone. From the results of subtractive techniques, peculier peak A seemed to be reductant and soluble in water (see Table 9 and Fig. 5).
Note, The magnitude of peculierpeak A was shown the peak height (graduations) on the gas chromatogram chart.

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High volume air sampler has been used 0.5 HP series motor to suck in the atmospere. Carbon and copper has been discharged by friction of carbon brushes and copper comutator, And discharged particulate quantities were 2.2-2.7 mg/hr and copper quantities were 0.47-0.59 mg/hr.
As copper particulate has been discharged in atmosphere and again caught on the filter of high volume air sampler, atmospheric copper concentration obtained by this instrument is shown abnormal high level.
Thus, paticulate sampling by this instrument is not suitable for atmospheric copper determination.

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