This paper describes on the distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in various sizes of airborne particulates. Airborne particulates in a polluted area of Kawasaki city were col-lected on glass fiber filters according to particle size using an Andersen high volume sampler, and 3 PAHs [benzo-(a) pyrene (BaP), benzo (k) fluoranthene (BkF), benzo (ghi) perylene (BghiP) and 8 heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Mn, V, Cd, Ni and Cr)] in these particulates were measured.
These chemicals mentioned above were divided into 3 groups by their distribution characteristics. The contents of the chemicals belonging to the first group (the 3 PAHs, Pb, Cd, and V) increased with the decrease in the particle size. On the contrary, the content of Fe, which is belonging to the 2 nd group, increased as the particle size increased. The chemicals in the 3rd group (Mn, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were lowest in their contents at the 1.1-3.3 μm particulates and their contents increased as the particse size increased or decreased than that particle size.
BaP, BkF, BghiP, pyrene, perylene and coronene as well as the 8 heavy metals in the 1.1 μm or less particulates were analysed in due consideration that these particulates had a high deposition rate in the lung. The collection of the particulates was done for all seasons in the ambient air in Kawasaki city. The content of BaP, a srtong carcinogen, was 0.36-12.4 ng/m³, and that of the BghiP, a co-carcinogen, was 1.27-14.8 mg/m³. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the 6 PAHs, Pb, Cd and V which had the same distribution characteristics. Distribution of PAHs in a particulate was also discussed.

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This paper describes a method for analysis of nitrous oxide in flue gas by has chromatography.
The flow diagram for sampling is showed in Fig. 2. Interference substance in sample was removed using a trap chilled in ice bath, packing tube of Soda Lime and dehydration reagent. The sample of 150 ml was condensed in concentration tube chilled in liquid oxygen, then measured by gas chromatography. The column system and conditions were shown as follows:
Gas chromatigraph: Hitach: 063; Detector: Thermal conductivity; Column: Porapak QS, 80-100 mesh, 3 mmφ(Id), 7m (long), teflon tube; Column temp.: 100°C; Sample volume: 150 ml.
The results thus obtained were as follows:
(1) This method is easy to handle and suitable.
(2) Lower limit of quantitative determination was about 1 ppm.
(3) Coefficient of variation of replicated rund in the standard gas were in the range of 2 to 6%.
(4) This method was applied to the determination of nitrous oxide in flue gas; Nitrous oxide were tr-2 (boier gases) and 27-46 ppm (denitration exhaust gases).

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Removal efficiency of amine-containing gas by activated sludge was investigated. The removal rates of trimethylamine (TMA) and monoethylamine (EA) owed to the acclimated state of activated sludge, respectively. TMA and EA were hardly degradated within one day by unacclimated sludge. Afterwards, the sludge gradually gained biodegrability of amines. The uptake rate of TMA by the sludge at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day was 4.3, 9.7 and 34.7 mg/g-MLSS/day, respectively. After acclimation, this process for deodorizing was maintained high removal rate of about 99%. Maximum uptake rates of TMA and EA by acclimated sludge were about 168 and 192 mg/g-MLSS/day, respectively. In this method, ammonia was produced from TMA and EA.
This method was available for the drier exhaust gas of a fish meal plant. Removal rates of TMA and ammonia in the drier gas were about 99.9% and 97.5-99.5%, respectively.

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A gas-liquid-solid chromatography of trace concentrations of acetaldehyde in the urban air (in the Nagoya Area) was succeeded by using cold trapping method with liquid oxygen. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: analytical column, 1.5 m × 3 mm i. d., glass, packed with 0.4% Triton X-100 on Carbopack B 60/80 mesh; column temperature, 75°C; nitrogen carrier gas flow rate, 65 ml/min; injection port and detector (FID) temperature, 150°C; cold trapping precolumn, 31 cm × 4 mm i. d., glass, packed with 25% Tris (2-Cyanoethoxy) propane (TCEP) on Shimalite (AW, DMCS) 60/80 mesh. A precolumn, 18 cm × 5 mm i. d., glass, packed with Tenax-GC 60/80 mesh was used for the separation of acetaldehyde with middle to high boiling compounds the prior to the cold trapping. The chromatographic conditions described here, acetaldehyde separated completely with lower hydrocarbons, chlorides, amines, esters and alcohols, which will be copresent in general environmental air. The identification of acetaldehyde peak was carried out by the addition of authentic compound, the disappearance methods of the peak in the chromatogram with a 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-phosphoric acid precolumn (6 cm × 5 mm i. d., glass) and a water trap cooled with a ice-water (about 2°C). The detection limit concentration of acetaldehyde in air, when the volume is one liter, was about 0.5 ppb. The ranges and average concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in 53 urban air samples (Dec. 11, 1976-Nov. 16, 1978) were 1.3-31.1 ppb and 8.3 ppb, respectively.

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Suspended particles released from iron and steel works were subjected to multielement analysis by means of instrumental neutron activation method and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Elemental compositions of suspended particles from electric furnaces producing medium steel and special steel were rather similar with each other. The suspended particles from these electric steel furnaces were found to be enriched in the elements listed below. Fe (geometric mean of gravimetric concentrations measured on 9 samples: 16%), Zn (5.2%), Ca (4.5%), Cl (3.4%), Mn (2.2%), Na (1.4%), Pb (1.4%), K (1.3%), Al (1.0%), Cu (0.4%), Cr (0.3%), Ni (0.3%), Ti (0.1%). Elemental compositions of suspended particles from cupolas were found to be similar with those of the suspended particles from the electric steel furnaces, but it was noticed that the cupola particles were considerably higher in Si concentration (-25%). Suspended particles from heating furnaces for processing various iron and steel products, which are heated by heavy oil combustion, were found to be quite similar in elemental composition with suspended particles released from heavy oil boilers, as was expected, being quite different from the particles from the electric steel furnaces and the cupolas.
The contribution of iron and steel works to aerosols over two big cities, namely, Osaka (at a business center) and Kawasaki (near an industrialized area), in a particle size range below several micron, were roughly estimated under simple assumptions. High contributions of iron and steel works were found for various elements as follows. Osaka: 70-100% Cr, Mn, Ni; 30-70% Fe, Zn; 10-30% Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, W, Cd, Ag, Pb. Kawasaki: 70-100% Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cl; 30-70% Fe, Ag, Ca, Cd, Pb; 10-30% Co, W, K, Cu.
It was reported in our preceding paper that most of the nickel in the urban atmosphere appeared to originate from oil combustion. But, unreasonably large values of contribution of iron and steel works to the atmospheric nickel were obtained in the present study. This result must be clarified by further studies.

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