On the fractional determination of formaldehyde and methanol in formalin, the fixed difference of methanol determination value yielded from a colorimetric analysis using chromotropic acid and a volumetric analysis using sodium sulfite adopted in the JIS K 1502.
The former determination value of methanol in formalin was average 14. 0%, and the later was 8. 8%, respectively.
The author therefore presumed that formaldehyde in formalin was responsible for giving effect on the oxidation reaction of methanol to formaldehyde in H₃PO₄-KMn0₄ solution. Formaldehyde is belong to the aldehyde compoundt. Addition of aldehyde compounds of acetaldehyde-ammonia ([CH₃CH (NH₂) OH] ₃) made an increase in sensitivity on the determination of methanol with the conventional chromotropic acid method.
The principle of the improved method was applicable to the det ermination of methanol and methylester in atmosphere using para-rosaniline.

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Relationship between the areal distribution of photochemical pollutants and local wind flow pattern covering Kanto-Districts are analyzed. Results are summerized as follows. Major local winds in Kanto-Districts are sea and land breeze from Tokyo Bay, Sagami Bay and Kashima Sea, and mountain-vally wind from western and northern mountain area. These local wind create a very complicated wind formation in Kanto Plain. Usually, higher concentrations are observed near the shore in the morning. As the sea breeze penetrate inland, this high concentrations are moves to inner part of this plain. In the center of Tokyo Metropolitan Area, O_x concentration is low level because of scavenging by primary pllutants from mobil sources. During the night time polluted air mass is pushed back to the seaward by vally wind. These result shows us the importance of Long-Time Transport phenomenon in Kanto-Area.

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Carbon disulfide reacts with potassium ethoxide to produce potassium ethylxanthate (KEtX) KEtX reacts with nickel (II) ion to form complex, which is easily extracted with chloroform.This investigation was developed for the determination of carbon disulfide in exhaust gas by using nickel (II)-ethylxanthate complex.
The recommended procedure is as follows: carbon disulfide is collected by passing exhaust gas through a train of two G2 glass fritted bubblers containing 20 μl of 2% absolute ethanolic potassium hydroxide at the rate of 0.5μl/min. The sample solution is diluted to 50 μl with absorption solution. A part (below 20 ml) of the solution is pipetted into beaker, and 5 ml of 0.01M nickel nitrate is added. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 6.0-7.0 with 1m acetic acid. The solution is diluted to 70ml with water, and shaken with 5ml of chloroform for 3 minutes. Then the absorbance of the organic phase is measured at 420 nm against the reageant blank.
The calibration curve was linear in the range of O to 80 μl of carbon disulfide, and the apparent molar absorptivity of the complex was 1.18×10³mol^-1cm^-1l. The collection efficiency of carbon disulfide was about 100%. The lower determination limit was 1 ppm when 10l exhaust gas was flowed.
The merit of the proposed method is less interference by the coexisting hydorogen sulfide, and shortening of the sampling time in comparison with cupper (II)-diethylditiocarbamate method (JIS method).

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Rubber particles in piled particulate matters (PPMs) and settled particulate matters (SPMs) emitted by the abrasion of automobile tire tread have been measured by pyrolysis gas chromatography. The particulate matter samples were collected on the metropolitan expressway at Iikura site in Tokyo. Thirteen times of sampling have been performed through almost two years from June 1978 to March 1980 so that the seasonal variation for the particulate matters could be discussed in relation to weather factors such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, and precipitation. The curve of the variation for the amounts of SPMs have two peaks in summer and winter which were due to the increase of abrasion of tire tread rubber caused by high atmospliric temperature and dry weather, respectively. On the contrary, the rainfall was a dicreasing factor for the amount of particulate matters throughout a year. The size distribution curves (SD curves) for the total amounts of both PPMs and SPMs have two peaks at about 100 μm. The SD curve for the amounts of rubber in SPMs also have a peak at 100 μm, whereas the peak was at less than 50 μpm for the PPMs.
The rapid analysis for rubber in particulate matters was also discussed. One determination requires only 5.5 hours because of 5 hours of the extraction process for rubber used by ο-dichlorobenzene was eliminated from the analytical procedure. The analysis is applicable for more than 50 mg of particulate matter samples.

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It is widely known that copper is sensitively corroded by SOX, specifically by sulfuric acid. The pollutedair deteriorates copper and its alloys considerably. The corrosion of copper has been tentatively used as a measure of air pollution. In either case, the basic informations as e indispensable.
In the present paper, the corrosion of copper by sulfuric acid in the range of pH=0 to 5 in the atmosphere was studied from fundamental points of view. The corrosion rate was measured by using polarization resistance method. The passivation ascribed to Cu₂O reduced the corrosion rate sharply above pH= 4. Slight increase of corrosion rate with decreasing pH below pH=4 was observed. A small amount of chloride ions increased corrosion rate drastically in the pH range of 1.5 to 3.5, whereas nitrate ions gave slight effect.
The reaction mechanism for active dissolution was discussed on the basis of such reaction intermediates as cuprous ions, adsorbed cuprous ions, and adsorbed cuprous hydroxide. The application of the present study to the reaction of copper with acidified rain was also referred

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This paper inherits the aim of study from the preceeding one. According to the recent investigations of air pollutants, the mist of sulfric acid with high concentration has been found.
In this paper, the fundamental corrosion behaviour of copper by the sulfuric acid solutions with comparatively high concentration in the atmosphere was studied by using square wave polarization resistance method.
The active dissolutions were observed in the different solutions of sulfuric acid with high concentration. In the sdution saturated with air, the corrosion rate decreased with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid up to about 70wt.%. This behaviour was successfully interpreted by extending thereaction mechanism proposed in the preceeding paper. The undissociated sulfuric acid corroded copper at the concentration higher than 80%.
The effect of dissolved NO_x in the solutions was intricate. The derivatives from nitrate salts gave eminent peaks of corrosivity at 55% and 85% of sulfuric acid. The solution containing nitrite salt showed three peaks of corrosivity. The alteration of chemical species derived from nitrite salts withconcentration of sulfuric acid could explain the variation of corrosivity.

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In order to know the effect of air pollution to an organism, the author examined the relationship between carbonic dusts and age, pollution of lung and heavy metal contents. The result were as follows.
Evident relations were recognized between ages and carbonic dusts. That is to say, carbonic dusts were slight in one's teens. In the twenties some had a medium but the rate was very low. In the thirties, the average was noted but deposits in high degree were seen in some lungs. On and after the fourties, deposits in average and high degree were seen in lungs. As for Cd and Pb, the heavey metal in lungs which were contaminated in average and high degree was significantly higher amounts than thatof lungs which were less contaminated.
Especially as for Pb, significanty high difference were seen between (-) and (++++). As for contents of Ni and Cu, significant difference were not seen between the contamination in each degree.

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The prevalence rate of bronchial asthma among the primary and/or lower secondary school pupils of Chibacity was surveyed by school of Medicine, Chiba University, etc. in 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1974, with all but the 1972 survey report not making any affirmative conclusion as to the relationship between the prevalence rate and air pollution. Regarding the primary school pupils, the 1972 survey report and a paper written by the surveyors themselves based on the said report formed a conclusion different from that of the other 3 surveys.
In this paper, the author has reinvestigated the 1972 survey with the relationshipbetween the prevalence rate and air pollution by sulfur oxides, and has obtained the following findings:
(1) The prevalence rate of bronchial asthma by schools shows no geographical trendthat corresponds to the degree of air pollution.
(2) There is no tendency that schools in industrial areas have higher prevalence rate of bronchial asthma.
(3) There is no consistent tendency between male and female in the order of prevalence rate of bronchial asthma by schools.
(4) There is no relationship between prevalence rate and the level of air pollution by areas ranked by SO₂ concentration levels based on isopleth of conductometric method.
(5) There is no significant correlationship between prevalence rate by schools andsulfur oxides (conductometric method and/or PbO₂ method).
Furthermore, in this paper, the author has concluded that the foregoing 1972 survey report and the paper written by the surveyors themselves based on the said report were led to the wrongconclusion because of basic mistakes in statistical analysis of the survey data obtained.

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