The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity exercise on gastric emptying and absorption using positron emission tomography（PET）with oral 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose（18FFDG） intake. Seven healthy subjects aged 20～28 years volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 30 minutes at 60％ maximal oxygen uptake（Exercise trial）. A control trial（without exercise）was also performed by the subjects. Immediately before starting exercise， 300ml of water containing 18F-FDG was orally administered. 18F-FDG accumulation in the alimentary tract was measured with 3D PET after the end of exercise. Regions of interest were drawn on visually defined stomach and small intestine. To measure blood glucose, plasma radioactivity, and plasma CCK, blood was sampled 4 times every 10 minutes throughout the exercise. Percent contents of remaining radioactivity in stomach in exercise trial was higher than that in control. Significant change in blood glucose level due to exercise was showed. Plasma CCK level in exercise trial was higher than that in control at the end of exercise. The effect of exercise on ％contents of remaining radioactivity in the total alimentary tract or change in plasma radioactivity level was not significant. These findings suggest that cycling exercise for 30 minutes at moderate intensity has a depressive effect on gastric emptying of fluid intake partially influenced by CCK, but no marked effect on absorption of 18F-FDG from the intestine in normal human subjects.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the interrelationship between habitual physical activity and dietary pattern in the white collar male workers. Subjects were 4，694 male workers ranging in age from 20 to 69 years old（mean age 40.3）, who participated in a questionnaire survey carried out by mail method in a mutual life insurance company in Japan. The habitual physical activity was divided into two categories ; viz. walking or gymnastic status and habitual light sport. Usual intake for 15 food groups was assessed using a food frequency method（fifth categories）. A principal component analysis was conducted on the correlation matrix dietary frequency in each food group studied using the procedure of FACTORS. An analysis of general linear model （GLM） in SPSS was subsequently conducted using factor scores of the principal components revealed by the principal component analysis as dependent variables, with age and BMI as covariates, and walking or gymnastic status, habitual light sport, drinking status, smoking status, regularity of having breakfast, having dinner with family, living arrangement, occupation, and treatment for diseases（circulation or endocrine） as independent variables. The major findings were as follows. 1）The first component had maximum positive factor loading from fish and shellfish, soybean products, vegetables, seaweeds, potatoes and fruits（an index of selecting plant food）. The second component had maximum positive factor loadings from meat, fats and oils（an index of animal food）. The third component had maximum positive loading from rice and miso soup, and opposed to bread（an index of food staple）. These components accounted for 48.3％ of the inter-individual variability. 2）Two habitual physical activities significantly associated with the first component. The results suggest that habitual physical activity affects the frequency of selecting plant food. The adjusted deviation from mean indicated that having no habitual physical activity tend to select plant food less frequently than having habitual physical activity. The results of this study suggest that habitual physical exercise is related to dietary pattern.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the intervention frequency and its effects on physical, mental, and social functional capacity using the functional fitness promotion program for community-dwelling elderly people for five months. Physically independent people aged over 60 years were signed up an informed consent for participation to the study as the subjects（133 males；70.9（5.4） yrs，319 females；68.8（5.2）yrs）．They were allocated as the cluster due to their residential area into four groups ; control group（no intervention, n＝190），LOW group（one time, n＝30），MID group（three times in every one month, n＝163），and HIGH group（seven times in every two weeks, n＝69）．The intervention program was consisted of the home-based exercise program and the facilitating program for exercise adherence and participation. Physical functional capacity of daily living was evaluated by total score of functional fitness composed of physical performance such as sitting and standing, zig-zag walking, hand working, and self-care working. Mental functional capacity was evaluated by geriatric depression scale shorter version（GDS score，15 items）．Social functional capacity was evaluated by total score of social activity such as hobby, exercise, going outdoor, personal relations, senior citizens club activities, volunteer activities, and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology（TMIG）score. Those data from 76 males（57.1％ of the total subjects）and 163 females（51.1％ of the total subjects）were processed for statistical analysis. Program effectiveness was defined as the difference between pre and post values for each measurement. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the main effect of intervention frequency was significant for functional fitness both in male（p＝0.05）and in female（p＝0.00）and for GDS in female（p＝0.02）after adjusted for pre intervention value. Multiple comparison analysis showed the significant differences in total score of functional fitness between control group and MID group（p＝0.00）， between control group and HIGH group（p＝0.00），and between LOW group and HIGH group（p＝0.00） in female. Significant difference was also observed in GDS score between control group and HIGH group（p＝0.01）in female. These results indicated that the intervention effectiveness using the program on functional fitness and on depression increased as intervention frequency increased. The same relationship as in above functions, however, was observed neither in total score of social activity nor in TMIG score. In conclusion, the functional fitness promotion program was effective for improving or maintaining physical and, or mental functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly people. The more frequent intervention using this program, the greater effect on physical and mental functions will be observed.

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