東南アジア研究
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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41 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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Environmental Consciousness in Southeast and East Asia
  • Preface
    A. Terry Rambo, 青柳 みどり, Yok-shiu F. Lee, James E. Nickum, 大塚 隆志
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 3-4
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_3
    ジャーナル フリー
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  • Methodology and Major Findings of a Comparative Research Project on Environmental Consciousness in Hong Kong (China), Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam
    James E. Nickum, A. Terry Rambo
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 5-14
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_5
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    The papers in this special issue present the findings of research conducted as part of a comparative project on environmental consciousness in several countries (Hong Kong-China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam) in Southeast and East Asia. This project was undertaken in order to try to better understand the nature of public environmental concerns in different countries and to search for commonalities and differences in these perceptions. In this introduction we describe the objectives of the research, the conceptual framework employed for the country studies, and the research methodology we employed. We then present a brief comparison of the cultural models we have generated for each of the countries and discuss some other key findings.
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  • Environmental Consciousness in Hong Kong
    Yok-shiu F. Lee
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 15-35
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_15
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    The majority of the public in Hong Kong have repeatedly told pollsters that they believe environmental problems have become very serious in the city. They are, however, at the same time, highly skeptical about the actual degree of concern felt by their neighbors, friends and relatives. Their belief that only they themselves are environmentally conscious but not the others probably stems from the fact that people in Hong Kong tend to, unconsciously, think about the concept of “environment” at several different spatial scales and, unknowingly, switch between these spatial scales in evaluating their own environmental attitudes and behavior and those of other people around them. In the end, their scepticism is further reinforced by, or is a logical extension of, their own mental model of nature, where an emerging social norm on the importance of protecting nature is eclipsed by a fatalistic mood among the public, on the one hand, and the pragmatic concerns of the elite with economics, on the other.
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  • Environmental Consciousness in Japan
    James E. Nickum, 青柳 みどり, 大塚 隆志
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 36-58
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_36
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    Through semi-structured interviews with  Japanese respondents, using a protocol adapted from Kempton et al., we seek to limn the environmental consciousness of Japanese and compare it with that of Kempton’s American sample. After exploring views on the environment in general, we use the salient, contested, and weakly understood issue of dioxin as a way of probing the cultural models of respondents. We find that national differences are minor in environmental discourse, and hypothesize that the most significant disparity, in acceptance of the precautionary principle, is related to a feeling of political and social powerlessness. Unlike in America, which may be the outlier, religious discourse does not explicitly enter into the presentation of environmental consciousness in Japan.
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  • Environmental Consciousness in Thailand:
    Contesting Maps of Eco-Conscious Minds
    Opart Panya, Solot Sirisai
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 59-75
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_59
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    Although different groups in Thailand display somewhat different concepts of human nature relations, certain common elements can be identified. Both nature and environment, are seen by all respondents, depending on where they live, as the world around them, but not all respondents perceive the same sort of “world.” The “world” to the lay people and the NGO leaders is understood as a natural world, whereas the urban-based and educated population lives in a modern or man-made sphere. Accordingly, to them, nature is associated with periphery, rurality, and wilderness. Environment, on the other hand, is perceived of as a modernized and developed world.
     It appears that in Thai society, people develop “cultural models” not merely to shape the meaning and “representations” of the environment but rather to reflect contesting views of it. The lay population, most of whom live in rural areas, and their NGO sympathizers, have used “local knowledge” guided by religious and spiritual beliefs to make sense of the rapidly changing world. The urban-based and educated population, on the other hand, have dominated the rural communities with modernized and appliedscience knowledge in interpreting the urban environmental problems.
     As a result, the general Thai public lack a sense of personal efficacy and responsibility, feeling that environmental “action” is outside the individual’s responsibility, and that it belongs to the urban-based elite and environmental experts. Religious values and beliefs, which are strongly held by the rural sector, play insignificant part in shaping the collective “eco-consciousness” of Thai society as a whole.
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  • Environmental Consciousness in Vietnam
    Pham Thi Thuong Vi, A. Terry Rambo
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 76-100
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_76
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    This paper presents findings of a preliminary exploration of the environmental consciousness of urban Vietnamese. Based on in-depth interviews in Hanoi with 20 respondents from various walks of life, it finds a high level of awareness of environmental problems and a considerable degree of concern about this issue. Most respondents report that they themselves, and their family members and friends, are concerned about environmental problems, but they believe government officials and leaders of big corporations and enterprises are not concerned. They say that they believe that humans are destroying nature because of the urgent need for resources on the part of the poor and the desire for wealth on the part of the rich and powerful.
     The views of respondents about ideal relations between humans and nature can be categorized in terms of two general cultural models. The first model views nature as a limited resource on which humans must rely for their survival. The second model views nature and human beings as having a balanced and interdependent relationship. The models are similar in that both express anthropocentric and utilitarian views. Most lay informants express variants of the first model, saying that human welfare depends on the natural environment. In particular, they stress, physical health concerns. Almost all of the elite interviewees employ variants if the second model, stating that people’s activities have impacts on nature, and nature reactively affects the welfare of human beings. Consequently, they perceive a need to maintain ecological balance.
     Deforestation is recognized as a serious problem by all respondents but they display considerable differences in their assignment of blame for causing this problem and also in their proposed solutions to this problem. In comparing deforestation with other problems, most consider that deforestation is a more important problem than air pollution, climate change and global warming, and natural disasters, but less important than traffic accidents and the future of the Vietnamese economy.
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  • Village versus State:
    The Evolution of State-Local Relations in Vietnam until 1945
    Nguyễn Thế Anh
    2003 年 41 巻 1 号 p. 101-123
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2017/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.41.1_101
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    The traditional perception of the village as a closed and self-regulating corporate community has more often than not overstated its high degree of autonomy, downplaying thereby the interaction between the state and the local social units. This article aims at bringing some rectification to this type of misrepresentation by considering the dynamics of state-local relationship from the standpoint of the strategies laid out by the successive central governments in Vietnam to endeavour to integrate the rural communities into the national space.
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