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Volume 2004 (2004)
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Volume 2004, Issue 215
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Sugio Otani2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 221-224
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout 30 years ago, we investigated on the carbon formed from CO gas by use of Cobalt oxide as a catalyst . According to the result obtained by an electron-micro-graph technique and X-ray analysis, these carbons formed at the temperature range of 350-650°C were thought to be not common but unusual. At the present time, I think that the carbons formed by this method are interesting nano-carbons formed by the most simple method and conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1384K) -
Takanori Kawano, Masayuki Kawaguchi, Yuji Okamoto2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 225-230
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThin films of B/C/N materials were prepared on Ni (111), Ni (100), Ni (110) and Pd (111) single crystal substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using acrylonitrile and boron trichloride as starting materials at a temperature of 1120K. The films prepared on Ni (100) and Ni (110) substrates were polycrystalline with compositions in a range of B1.8-2.2C1.0N1.8-2.4, while the film prepared on Ni (111) was a single crystal with larger B and N contents (B4.6C1.0N4.8). These results were explained by the following reason. The films were prepared on Ni (100) and Ni (110) only by catalytic role of Ni, while a heteroepitaxial growth was made on Ni (111) whose nearest neighbor Ni-Ni distance is close to the lattice constant of h-BN. The film prepared on Pd (111) whose nearest neighbored atomic distance is larger than that of graphite by 12% was polycrystalline carbon with turbostratic structure. In this case, significant difference in catalytic effect between Ni and Pd could cause the change in composition of the films. These results suggest that the catalytic effect is one of the most important factors for the preparation of B/C/N thin films with high crystallinity. Moreover, the consistency of lattice constant between substrate and the growing film should be essential in order to obtain a single crystal B/C/N thin film.View full abstractDownload PDF (1398K) -
Ryohei Asakura, Tetsuo Kondo, Mitsuhiro Morita, Hiroaki Hatori, Yoshio ...2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 231-235
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electric double-layer (EDL) capacitor characteristics of five types of wood charcoals were compared with those of two commercially available activated carbon fibers (ACFs). Although the specific surface areas of the charcoals were lower than those of the ACFs, the charcoals gave EDL capacitance values comparable to those of the ACFs. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms revealed that the pore structure of the wood charcoals was composed of both micropores and mesopores, whereas the ACFs consisted mainly of micropores. This finding suggests that mesopores in the charcoals play an important role in the formation of the EDL. The cyclic charge-discharge behavior, which is closely related to the permeation or diffusion of the electrolyte ions into the pores, indicated that the rate of permeation of the electrolyte in the wood charcoals was faster than that in the ACFs. The degree of EDL capacitance and the cyclic charge-discharge behavior reflect the difference in pore structure between the wood charcoals and the ACFs.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Kazunori Shibano, Shuji Yoshizawa, Sumio Goto, Yuu Ogawa2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 236-240
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbonized material board (CMB) retains characteristics of carbon adsorbability, deodorization property and humidity control. When the CMB is used for an adsorption material as building materials, the enviroment humidity in the indoor air changes depending on the seasons. It is, therefore, necessary to study influence of the humidity on the adsorption property of volatile organic compounds. Repetition property of the adsorption of formaldehyde gas and toluene gas was measured in the different relative humidity (RH); 31%, 53%, 81%. The saturated adsorption amount of formaldehyde increased slightly with increasing the RH, while in toluene adsorption, drastic decrease of the saturated amount was observed with increasing the RH. It was confirmed that the adsorbability by the CMB depends on the kind of chemical compounds and the RH in the environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Ikuo Abe, Takahiro Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Shibutani, Satoshi Iwasaki2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 241-245
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBamboo charcoals were prepared by carbonizing Mosochiku (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houzeau de Lehaie), Hachiku (Phyllostachys nigra Munro var. Henonis Muroi), Medake (Pleioblastus simonii Nakai), Madake (Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini) and Kurochiku (Phyllostachys nigra Munro). Comparing the pore-size distributions of the bamboo charcoals obtained, it was found that bamboo charcoals prepared from Mosochiku possessed a large number of mesopores in the range of 10-20nm in radius. The pore structural properties of bamboo charcoals prepared from different parts of Mosochiku were investigated. Bamboo charcoals prepared from inner parts of a bamboo trunk possessed larger pore volumes than those from outer parts. Pore-sizes of bamboo charcoals prepared from a thin trunk were small. Bamboo charcoals prepared from a thin trunk and roots of a branch possessed large pore volumes in the range of 3.7-10nm in pore radius. Bamboo charcoals prepared from inner parts of a thick trunk were the most suitable for the humidity-control materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Fibrous shape is essentialHidetaka Konno, Mai Endo, Hideki Tachibana, Keiko Sasaki2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 246-248
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA newly-discovered species of fungus was applied to oxidize and remove dissolved Mn (II) ions from aqueous media. The presence of PAN-based carbon fiber (ca. 7 μm in diameter) shortened the time for removal to less than half compared with the absence of the fiber, while PET fiber of similar diameter and unwoven carbon fiber cloth made of acryl fiber (ca. 10 μm in diameter) showed no effect. The results indicate that a shape as well as material is important to expect the promotion of microbiological activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (2980K) -
Michio Inagaki, Nobuhiro Kobayashi, Beata Tryba2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 249-251
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pore structure inside the worm-like particles of exfoliated graphite prepared by microwave irradiation was studied by using image processing. The pore parameters, which were determined from about 17000 pores observed on the fractured surfaces of worm-like particles, were difficult to differentiate from those on the sample exfoliated by rapid heating to 1000°C. Long time irradiation of microwave increased large size pores, but the average parameters showed no dependence on irradiation time. Some noteworthy points for applying microwave exfoliation were mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Yasuhisa Maeda, Kiyonori Ogisu2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 252-254
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal response of electrochemical intercalation and de-intercalation of cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Mg2+) on graphite electrode in DMSO solutions was investigated by differential analysis of the temperature change of electrode surface using thermistors. It was confirmed that the endothermic change suggesting an increase in entropy occurred in the process of electrochemical de-intercalation of these solvated cations. A large endothermic change depending on anodic charge appeared in K+ (DMSO) s deintercalation.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Influence of organics adsorption on electric double layer capacitance for activated carbon electrodeSoshi Shiraishi, Takamitsu Nakajima, Hideyuki Kurihara, Jun-ichi Ozaki ...2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 255-257
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis work revealed that the electric double layer capacitance of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was decreased by organic adsorption. In H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, the pre-adsorption of acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, or heptane decreased the double layer capacitance, especially, the toluene or heptane-adsorbed ACFs showed very small capacitance. However, no influence of any organics on the capacitance was observed in propylene carbonate organic electrolyte. The lowering of the capacitance can be explained by the affinity of adsorbed organics with pore wall of ACFs and the solubility of adsorbed organics in electrolyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Michio Inagaki, Norimasa Saji, Yong-Ping Zheng, Feiyu Kang, Masahiro T ...2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 258-264
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPore development during exfoliation of natural graphite was studied using residue compounds with sulfuric acid. Pore structure of exfoliated graphite was characterized with an aid of image analysis technique, as functions of exfoliation conditions, temperature, residence time and intercalate content. Pore development during exfoliation as a function of exfoliation temperature was found to proceed in three steps, below 650°C, between 650 and 800°C, and above 800°C. In order to obtain well-developed pores among the worm-like particles and those inside the particle, it was necessary to exfoliate at a high temperature near 1000°C for certain time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1405K) -
Tsuyoshi Nakajima2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 265-273
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent results on the applications of fluorinated carbon materials to primary and secondary lithium batteries have been described. Highly fluorinated graphite (CxF), synthesized by high oxidation state transition metal complex fluoride and elemental fluorine in anhydrous liquid HF, contained small amounts of HF and HF2δ- in graphene layers. The existence of HF and HF2δ- reduced the discharge capacity of CxF at about 3V. Surface-fluorinated natural graphite samples showed the higher discharge capacities than theoretical value of graphite, 372 mAh/g. On the other hand, surface-fluorination of graphitized petroleum cokes increased the first coulombic efficiencies by 12-18%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
Isao Mochida, Seong-Ho Yoon, Seong-Yop Lim, Seong-Hwa Hong2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 274-284
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent progress of structural models of carbon materials is reviewed by the classification of structures into nano, and mesoscopic views. The graphitic materials are viewed on the basis of the structural units of hexagon plane, graphite crystal, nano, meso, and macroscopic structural units. Novel 3-dimensional models of mesophase pitch based carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers are proposed by the comprehensive results of SEM, STM, and TEM. Graphitizability of carbon materials is also understood by the concept of structural hierarchy - the domain unit of carbon materials as a restricting boundary of the size development of crystallinity. The diversity of carbon materials in terms of their properties, phase, and applications becomes significant by combining the molecular and structural concepts.View full abstractDownload PDF (7543K) -
Yoshio Yamada, Osamu Tanaike, Soshi Shiraishi2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 285-294
Published: November 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper reviews the features of porous carbons obtained from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) defluorinated with alkali metals, and its application to electric double layer capacitance (EDLC). The carbons prepared possess high BET specific surface areas with large amount of narrow mesopores as well as micropores. The formation mechanisms of these carbons are also described and compared with those prepared from PTFE defluorinated with alkali cation-naphthalene anion radical complex. In the EDLC application, the carbons show larger capacitance values compared with the existing activated carbons having similar surface areas. The results are discussed on the basis of the relaxation of strong ion-sieving effect and ion transfer due to the presence of mesopores.View full abstractDownload PDF (2436K) -
2004 Volume 2004 Issue 215 Pages 308
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (163K)
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