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Volume 2005 (2005)
- Issue 220 Pages 265-
- Issue 219 Pages 217-
- Issue 218 Pages 149-
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Volume 2005, Issue 220
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Masahiro Toyoda, Takashi Yano, Sylwia Mozia, Tomoki Tsumura, Eiki Itoh ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 265-269
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious carbon coating TiO2 reduction phase (C-TinO2n-1) were synthesized by changing the mixing ratio of rutile-type TiO2 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is the carbon precursor, in order to examine Photocatalytic-activity from the photodegradation behavior under visible light. C-Tin-O2n-1 was synthesized by mixing with PVA and rutile-type TiO2 at the optional ratio under the Ar gas atmosphere, and it was introduced the oxgen defect. Photocatalytic-activity under visible light was examined from the photodegradation behavior under it of iminoctadine tri-acetate (IT) which was the disinfectant pesticide using it. The amount of carbon coating increased by increasing of amount of the PVA, and the specific surface also increased as the result. And, all of the rutile phase of TiO2 was transferred to the reduction phase. It became clear that to control specific surface and crystal phase of the TiO2 was possible by amount of the PVA as this result. The reduction phase of carbon coating TiO22 had shown the photocatalytic-activity under visible irradiation, that is it became clear that it had visible photocatalytic-activity. And, it became clear that decomposition efficiency improved by conducting the carbon coating to the TiO2 reduction phase. Carbon layer on the TiO2 reduction phase increased not only but also many products for decomposition fixed on the surface layer, it was made to concentrate that on carbon layer of the catalyst particles, and the decomposition effinciency could be increased, too.View full abstractDownload PDF (1144K) -
Satoshi Iwasaki, Takahiro Hasegawa, Kazumi Ohya, Yasuhiko Shibutani, I ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 270-293
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBamboo is noted as a raw material of microporous carbon material because the destruction of the environment is less by periodical felling due to its speed of growth. In this study, microporous carbon materials were prepared from bamboo (Moso-chiku; Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houzeau de Lehaie). Particularly, the effect of shape and size of bamboo charcoal on air-activation was investigated, because it was possible that the charcoal of plate-shaped bamboo split was activated efficiently into the inner part without crush. The four types of bamboo charcoal or raw bamboo were used, that is, the plate-shaped bamboo charcoal, the granular one, the fibrous raw bamboo and the compressed bamboo dust charcoal. It was found that the plate-shaped bamboo charcoal was activated efficiently by air without crush and that the obtained microporous carbon material possessed the adsorption capacity for iodine equal to that obtained from the granular bamboo charcoal. The effect of size of bamboo charcoal on air-activation was most remarkable for the fibrous bamboo and the activation rate was very fast. The compressed bamboo dust charcoal was activated similarly to the granular bamboo charcoal and it was thought that the microporous carbon material obtained was an activated carbon with higher-density.View full abstractDownload PDF (1373K) -
Shigehisa Ishihara, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hideo Kawakami, Ryoichi Tanikawa, ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 276-279
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor removal of NOx in a closed or semi-closed atmospheric systems such as tunnel or underpass, powders of charcoal, diatomite, commercial cements and ones of their composites were prepared. Their removal behaviours of NOx were examined. The removal of NO2 by the diatomite or cement showed lower removal capacity than those of the charcoal. Charcoal alone and the composites containing above 5 weight percent of the charcoal showed the excellent removal of NO2.
Coating on a wall of the tunnel and paving over a road of the tunnel by the composites were done and were successful for the removal of NO2 in the tunnel.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Osamu Yamamoto, Hiroaki Akiyama, Yasuhisa Miyagi, Zenbe-e Nakagawa2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 280-282
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deposition behavior of metal particles with the carbonization of Sugi wood containing metal salts, such as Cu (NO3) 2 and NiCl2, was studied as the first step of the research in the present work for preparing charcoals with a high thermal conductivity. Sugi wood containing these metal salts was carbonized in an argon gas for 1h at the temperature range from 400 to 1000°C. The charcoals dispersed with metal particles were thus obtained above 400°C. From FE-SEM observations of the obtained charcoals with metal particle, the deposition behavior of Ni particles was found to be different from that of Cu particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Soshi Shiraishi, Yuriko Ida, Shigeru Syutou, Asao Oya2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 283-285
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have investigated the correlation of the Raman spectrum change and the electrochemical lithium ion doping/dedoping properties for the carbon nanofiber (phenolic resin based, 100-500nm in fiber diameter) prepared by the polymer blend spinning technique. The Raman spectra of the carbon nanofiber electrode depended on the electrode potential, while any spectra change were not observed at the lithium ion dedoping process for the conventional carbon fiber (phenolic resin based, -10pm in fiber diameter). These results suggest that the nano-sizing of active carbon material is effective in uniform charge-discharge for lithium ion battery negative electrode.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Ryohei Asakura, Tetsuo Kondo, Mitsuhiro Morita, Hiroaki Hatori, Yoshio ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 286-288
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPore characteristics of charcoal materials prepared by carbonizing and activating a Japanese cedar powder impregnated with a low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin were compared with those of non-impregnated wood. When the PF resin-impregnated wood was carbonized, the carbonized sample showed a clear molecular sieving effect, and, at the micrometer scale, the structure that originated from wood cell walls was maintained because PF resin covered or penetrated into the wood texture in the precursor. This charcoal material differing from the charcoal material of non-impregnated wood is expected to be applicable as a molecular sieving carbon.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Hybridization of photocatalytic activity and adsorptivityfor purification of waterMasahiro Toyoda, Beata Tryba, Fumi Kojin, Sylwia Mozia, Tomoki Tsumura ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 289-299
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbon-coated TiO2 were prepared by a simple heat treatment of the powder mixtures of anatase-type TiO2 (ST-01) with carbon precursor, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), hydroxyl propyl cellrose (HPC) and poly (ethylene telephtalate) (PET) etc., at a temperature of 700 to 900°C. Diffuse optical reflectance spectra for carbon-coated TiO2 clearly showed the absorption edge for anatase-type structure, overlapping with absorption due to coated carbon over all wavelength of 220-850nm. Photocatalytic activity of carbon-coated TiO2 was evaluated through the determination of rate constant k for the decomposition of four model pollutants in water, methylene blue (MB), reactive black 5 (RB-5), phenol (Ph) and iminoctadine triacetate (IT), under UV irradiation. For MB most of carbon-coated TiO2 showed higher activity than the pristine anatase powder, but for others carbon-coated anatase gave either comparable or smaller rate constant for their photodecomposition. Photocatalytic activity defined by rate constant k for pollutants decomposition was found to depend strongly on crystallinity of anatase phase, which was evaluated by full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) of 101 diffraction line; a maximum of k at an apparent FWHM of about 0.6° in 2θ (CuKα) for four pollutants. Adsorptivity of carbon-coated TiO2 photocatlysts was determined and discussed on the relations to BET surface area, amount of carbon coated and also rate constant k for the decomposition of MB, RB5, Ph and IT. Adsorptivity of carbon-coated catalysts depends strongly on the adsorbate (pollutant) but also on the surface nature of carbon layer on TiO2 particles. The relations between adsorptivity and rate constant k for four pollutants looked similar, suggesting that the pollutant adsorbed in the larger amount being decomposed with the higher rate. In order to check cyclic performance of carbon-coated TiO2, the photocatalysts were repeatedly used either in powder or fixed on one side of double-sided organic adhesive tape. It was proven that the carbon-coated TiO2 could be resisted to the multiple usage without marked deterioration in rate constant. The merits and demerits of carbon coating on photocatalyst TiO2 particles were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2555K) -
Kazunori Shibano, Shuji Yoshizawa, Sumio Goto, Yuu Ogawa, Osami Sugawa ...2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 300-309
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed the carbon composite board (CMB) by adhering carbonized material powders with superfine natural cellulose and collagen fibers as binder. The CMB can adsorb volatile chemical compounds (VOCs) evolved from building materials. When the CMB is used practically for an adsorbent material as building interior materials, the environmental humidity in the indoor air changes depending on the seasons. It is necessary to study influence of the humidity on the adsorption property of VOCs. As result, the adsorbability of formaldehyde with the CMB did not change irrespective of change of the room humidity. Reduction of VOCs concentration in room model was also studied by adsorbing formaldehyde with the CMB. The concentration lower than 0.01 ppm was observed during one year of measurement time at the setting ratio of 1.2m2/m3. And we examined the effect of covering of low softening point glass on the fire-retardant property of the CMB. As result, the CMB are ranked as the semi-non-combustible material with the low softening point glass, where the adsorbability of VOCs was maintained. The CMB was put into the wall part in the rooms of the real practical house. The CMB can be expected to be applied for building interior materials of healthy housing.View full abstractDownload PDF (5713K) -
Ikuo Abe2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 310-318
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivated carbon, charcoal, and carbon material prepared by carbonization of organic wastes are called eco-carbon. An origin of the name depends on the use being an environmental purification purpose or the raw materials being eco-friendly materials. Recently, recycling of various wastes has been a subject towards realization of continuance type society. Various organic wastes such as wood scrap generated in large quantities by demolition of house can become raw materials of eco-carbon. This suggests that a kind of raw materials of carbon spreads markedly than before.
In this paper, the necessary conditions as raw materials when manufacturing microporous carbon by using waste were summarized. It was shown that an air activation was suitable as a manufacturing method. In addition the properties and uses of microporous carbons produced from waste wood, paper, tire, fiber, plastic, and sewer sludge were introduced. The raw materials of charcoal and bamboo charcoal are reproducible natural resources. Various uses such as industrial raw materials, soil improvement materials, water purification, air purification, humidity control, food connection, healthy connection, arts connection other than the fuel for charcoal were introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (2192K) -
Shinpei Ueno2005 Volume 2005 Issue 220 Pages 319-326
Published: November 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn artificial carbon fiber (CF) and polyethylene belt (PE) with 20% carbon as a substitute for CF seaweed bed have a similar function and cycle as a natural seaweed bed.
One month after the placement, a large quantity of diatoms adhered to the CF and PE. And a simple pisces community based on the diatoms and algal community were formed during the settlement period. Pisces at the top of this ecosystem were carnivorous fish such as Sebastes inermis and Sebastiscus marmoratus. The dominant species of the algal community was Undaria undarioides. The PE and CF artificial seaweed bed work as well as a natural Zostera or algal bed. Therefore the artificial seaweed bed can be used for sea deserts as the source of spores, and as a preliminary stage in the shift to a natural seaweed bed. The problems with making an artificial seaweed bed are that carbon fiber dose not keep long and is expensive.
It is concluded that the PE is better than CF as a material for the artificial seaweed bed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1987K)
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