炭素
Online ISSN : 1884-5495
Print ISSN : 0371-5345
ISSN-L : 0371-5345
2013 巻, 259 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1~4を表示しています
論文
  • Fumihiko Tanaka, Daniel Wolverson, Tomonaga Okabe, Ian A. Kinloch, Rob ...
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2013 年 2013 巻 259 号 p. 243-247
    発行日: 2013/06/15
    公開日: 2013/10/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have used UV-Raman spectroscopy to study the sp3 structure in polyacrylonitrile- and pitch-based carbon fibres with Young's modulus values in the range of 90-830 GPa. The composite microstructure of these carbon fibres comprises an amorphous carbon phase that transfers the load to a reinforcing graphite crystalline phase. The intensity ratio of the T, D and G Raman bands showed that the low modulus polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibres (Young's modulus=200-300 GPa) contained 10-25% sp3 carbon, whereas the stiffer polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibres (Young's modulus >350 GPa) contained ∼5% sp3 material. This result suggests that the proportion of sp3 carbon decreases as the amorphous structure is converted into a crystalline structure during the carbonization treatment, leading to the high performance fibres. This observation is consistent with our current understanding of the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in carbon fibres.
  • 亀川 克美, 西久保 桂子
    原稿種別: 論文
    2013 年 2013 巻 259 号 p. 248-254
    発行日: 2013/06/15
    公開日: 2013/10/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    An approach for manufacturing hollow carbon microparticles of various morphologies has been developed. The approach includes spray drying of an aqueous solution of lignin and inorganic compounds to prepare composite microparticles, followed by heat treatment, washing, and drying. The morphology of the carbon microparticles is greatly affected by the inorganic compound used and the added fraction of the inorganic compound to lignin, although the kind of lignin and its molecular weight have little effect on the morphology. The weight yield of carbon microparticles to the original lignin content is about 40%. Typical morphologies of carbon microparticles are (1) very thin and flexible spherical hollow carbon microparticles prepared by addition of lithium carbonate, and (2) hollow and porous carbon microparticles obtained by using sodium metasilicate in which carbon beads of about 10 nm are connected in a highly branched structure. Spherical hollow carbon microparticles with a bulk density of 0.015 g cm-3 are so flexible that their original spherical form is mostly recovered when returned to atmospheric pressure after compression at 100 MPa. The hollow and porous carbon microparticles obtained by heating at 1000 °C exhibit superior electrical conductivity compared with commercial conductive carbon nanoparticles, acetylene black and Ketjenblack.
  • 長坂 明彦, 宮脇 崇, 町田 健夫, 押田 京一, 川村 渉, 柳澤 憲史, 百瀬 成空
    原稿種別: 論文
    2013 年 2013 巻 259 号 p. 255-260
    発行日: 2013/06/15
    公開日: 2013/10/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) content on the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of a VGCF/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite was investigated. A resin powder of PTFE of 50 µm in diameter was used as the matrix. The resin and VGCF were mixed by a blender mill with the VGCF content in the range 0-3 wt%. Tensile testing was performed on an Instron type tensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min (strain rate: 6×10-3/s), using smooth and V-notched tensile specimens. Thermal conductivity (λ) was measured using the laser flash method. The coefficient of dynamic friction (μ′) was measured using the ball-on-disc method. The results show that the tensile strength of VGCF/PTFE composites was lower than that of the PTFE matrix and decreased as the VGCF content increased due to the weak bonding between the VGCF and PTFE matrix. The abrasion resistance of PTFE was enhanced by the addition of VGCF-H.
学位論文紹介
  • 岩村 振一郎
    原稿種別: 学位論文紹介
    2013 年 2013 巻 259 号 p. 263-265
    発行日: 2013/09/01
    公開日: 2013/10/01
    ジャーナル 認証あり
    シリコン(Si)はリチウムイオン電池(LIB)の負極材料として現在一般的である黒鉛の約10倍の理論容量をもつため,次世代LIBを実現する高容量負極材料として期待されている。しかし,Siにはいくつかの解決すべき課題があり,負極材料としての実用化への障害となっている。まず,Siは導電性が低く,またリチウム(Li)との反応速度が小さいため,有意なレート特性を発揮させるためにはナノサイズ化および炭素(C)などの導電性物質との複合化が必要となる。Si負極のより深刻な問題は,充放電に伴い激しく体積変化を生じるために電極構造が壊れてしまいサイクル特性が低い点である。そこで本論文では,ナノサイズ化したSiの周囲に,構造変化を緩衝する「ナノ空間」をもつSi系負極材料の構造を設計し,負極特性の詳細を検討した。各章において,鋳型法によりSi周囲に形成させたナノ空間,充放電サイクルにより動的に変化するナノ空間,さらに熱力学的に作製したLi–Si合金から電気化学的にLiを放出して形成されるナノ空間とそれぞれ全く性質の異なるナノ空間を取り扱い,充放電特性およびSiの構造変化を分析することで,新しいSi系負極の構造設計指針を提案する。
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