炭素

総合論文

低次元カーボン細孔中の水・水和構造の解明

大場友則

原稿種別: 総合論文
2014 年 2014 巻 263 号 p. 91-103
発行日: 2014/06/15
公開日: 2014/07/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2014.91

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Water has unique properties in the nanopores of activated carbons and carbon nanotubes, which are apparently different from those of typical adsorbed molecules such as N₂ and Ar. Here the mechanism of water vapor adsorption in carbon nanopores and the adsorbed structures are reviewed using adsorption isotherms, X-ray scattering, and molecular simulations. Water cluster formation in hydrophobic carbon nanopores promoted self-adsorption of water by gaining stability. Water stabilization is a result of anomalously strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules in such carbon nanopores. On the other hand, in the case of an aqueous electrolyte solution, the formation of a hydration shell around ions is dominant in carbon nanopores. These findings promote our understanding of water nanoscience and nanotechnology as well as electrochemical nanoscience.

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総説

NMRでみる炭素材料のリチウム吸蔵とナトリウム吸蔵

後藤和馬, 石田祐之

原稿種別: 総説
2014 年 2014 巻 263 号 p. 104-108
発行日: 2014/06/15
公開日: 2014/07/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2014.104

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Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool to characterize carbon materials. The state of lithium in the anode (negative electrode) of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has been analyzed using ⁷Li NMR. A ²³Na NMR study on sodium stored in the hard carbon anode of a sodium ion battery (SIB) was also made and compared with the result of ⁷Li NMR studies of LIB. Lithium forms quasimetallic clusters in the nanopores of hard carbon whereas sodium does not. Recent developments in in situ ⁷Li NMR research by some groups are also introduced. In situ NMR measurements of a LIB system can reveal the non-equilibrium state of the battery during charge and discharge.

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解説

酸化黒鉛をホストとする新規層間化合物の合成と応用

松尾吉晃

原稿種別: 解説
2014 年 2014 巻 263 号 p. 109-113
発行日: 2014/06/15
公開日: 2014/07/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2014.109

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The preparation and application of new intercalation compounds of graphite oxide are reviewed. Graphite oxide was silylated with different silylating reagents such as alkyltrichlorosilane and 3-aminopropylethoxysilanes. After they were bidentately or monodentately attached to layers of graphite oxide, Si-OH groups which are available for further functionalization were introduced. When highly silylated graphite oxide was heated under vacuum, microporous or mesoporous pillared carbons in which adjacent carbon layers are connected with siloxane or silsesquioxane pillars were obtained. Organic molecules were size-selectively intercalated into the pillared carbon obtained from graphite oxide silyated 3 times with methyltrichlorosilane. The excess hydrogen adsorption of pillared carbons at ambient temperature reached 0.6 wt% at 20 MPa. Pillared carbon thin films were prepared and they showed a selective electrical resistance change response to electron donating and smaller organic molecules.

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表面修飾炭素材料の作製と固体高分子形燃料電池および水素–空気二次電池用材料としての適用

衣本太郎

原稿種別: 解説
2014 年 2014 巻 263 号 p. 114-122
発行日: 2014/06/15
公開日: 2014/07/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2014.114

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Surface modification techniques for carbonaceous materials such as composites, Ketjen black, and vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) are introduced and their use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and hydrogen-air secondary batteries are reviewed. A graphite powder/resin composite used as a bipolar plate of PEFCs is corroded with the evolution of CO₂ over 1.3 V in a dilute HClO₄ solution at 80 °C. A tin oxide coating is found to be effective in preventing corrosion. A similar effect of a tin oxide coating is also found for Ketjen black as the electrode catalyst support of PEFCs. Furthermore, after loading Pt as the catalyst it is found that the tin oxide coating of Ketjen black gives better catalytic activity. O-Methylated Ketjen black is prepared and its performance as the catalyst support is also discussed. VGCFs decorated with LaMnO₃ are also prepared and have promise as the electrode material for a hydrogen-air secondary battery.

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エラータ

お詫び

2014 年 2014 巻 263 号 p. 131
発行日: 2014/06/15
公開日: 2015/05/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2014.131

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