Taxa, Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages App1-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_App1

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The Chugoku Mountains-A Hotspot of Biodiversity : Geographical Differentiation, Speciation, and Hybrid Zones in Various Groups of Animals(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Nobuo Tsurusaki, Yasushi Kawakami

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 1-2
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_1

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The Chugoku Mountains-a Hotspot of Geographical Differentiation of Species(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Nobuo Tsurusaki

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 3-14
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_3

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Recent taxonomic and phylogeographic studies of various terrestrial organisms in the Chugoku Mountains, western Honshu, Japan, have revealed a number of remarkable geographic differentiations among populations in the mountainous regions. Interestingly, geographical boundaries of those differentiations tend to occur intensively in three areas: 1) Sendai River (eastern part of Tottori Prefecture), 2) Asahi River (Okayama Pref.) and Hino River (western part of Tottori Pref.), 3) Ota River (western part of Hiroshima Pref.) and Takatsu River (western part of Shimane Pref.). Each of these river systems has worked as a geographical barrier that facilitates genetic differentiation among the populations or as a barrier to block dispersal of populations that had already differentiated elsewhere. The current paper reviews various examples of geographic differentiations of terrestrial animals, especially harvestmen and other arthropods, in the Chugoku Mountains and discusses possible factors inducing these population differentiations.

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The Transitional Zones Found between Areas Characterized by the Four Geographical Forms of the Brachypterous Grasshopper Parapodisma setouchiensis and their Historical Formation Processes(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Yasushi Kawakami

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 15-19
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_15

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Parapodisma setouchiensis (Orthoptera: Acridiae) is a polytypic species consisting of four geographic forms (the Basic, Yamato, Tanba, and Mt. Hyonosen forms) with its highest morphological diversity in the area composed of the Chugoku District and the western part of the Kinki District, western Honshu, Japan. Narrow transitional zones can be identified between the areas defined by these four forms, where individuals with various intermediate characters occur. These individuals might have originated from secondary contact with different forms from ca. 150,000 to 100,000 years ago to the recent. Many recent studies have revealed that the boundaries of regions containing remarkable geographic differentiations for several terrestrial animals are frequently found in these areas. The Paleo-Chugoku District might have been the "great blank area" for these terrestrial animals during the Last glacial age

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Diversity in Genital Morphology and Geographic Differentiation Patterns in the Spider Genera Cybaeus and Arcuphantes (Araneae) in the Chugoku Mountains, Japan(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Yoh Ihara

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 20-30
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_20

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The spider genera Cybaeus (Cybaeidae) and Arcuphantes (Linyphiidae) comprise numerous species endemic to Japan. They are considered to have diverged as the result of geographic isolations, probably enhanced by their low dispersal abilities. The current paper analyses the species composition and geographic differentiation in the genera Cybaeus and Arcuphantes in western Honshu and adjacent areas. The genus Cybaeus contains species with a wide range body lengths (from ca. 3 to 15mm), with local species assemblages usually consisting of representatives of different size classes. Local species assemblages often constitute a group of closely related species, together with other similar-sized species that are allopatrically or parapatrically distributed with one another. Diversity in genital morphology and geographic differentiation patterns are discussed for species-groups of Cybaeus (C. nipponicus, C. kuramotoi-group, C. miyosii-group and C. hiroshimaensis-group) in western Japan. The kuramotoi-group, which contains species of medium size (approximately 5 to 7mm in body length), has the most diverse genital morphology and is characterized by the presence of a mating plug. The Arcuphantes longiscapus-group is composed of closely related but distinct species based on their morphology and geographical distribution. The group contains eight species that are distributed in western Honshu, northeastern Shikoku and some adjacent islands, Japan, but the distribution patterns are parapatric except for a few cases of narrow overlap. Among these species, morphology of the male palp and female epigynum was strictly speciesspecific. They operate like a lock-and-key system, so that mating is only possible between individuals of the same species.

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Historical Biogeography of Donaciine Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Based on Molecular Phylogeny and Fossil Data (Abstract)(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Teiji Sota

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 31-33
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_31

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The Chugoku Mountains Viewed from Amphibian Fauna(PROCEEDINGS, JSSZ SYMPOSIUM, 2006)

Masafumi Matsui

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 34-37
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_34

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Few amphibians from the Chugoku District, including Chugoku Mountains (western Honshu, Japan), have been the focus of taxonomic attention. However, recent studies using molecular phylogenetic approaches have revealed that this region is a center of speciation for some amphibian species. The region is particularly important for the speciation of a salamander, Hynobius nebulosus. This species normally inhabits lowlands, but in the Chugoku Mountains, it has invaded montane regions and acquired unique ecological and morphological traits. Other salamanders show unusual traits, including H. naevius, which is morphologically highly variable, and H. kimurae which has extremely large body sizes in this region. Morphological variations found in these species in the Chugoku Mountains seem to be affected by their ecological relationships. The Chugoku District, including Chugoku Mountains, is also regarded as a boundary between genetic groups of other amphibians including the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, toad, Bufo japonicus, and frog, Rhacophorus arboreus.

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First Records of Two Abdopus Octopuses, A. abaculus (Norman and Sweeney, 1997) and A. aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834) from Japan

Natsumi Kaneko, Tsunemi Kubodera

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 38-43
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_38

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Specimens of two small octopus species collected from intertidal waters of the Ryukyus were identified as species of Abdopus, based on the following combination of characters: small to medium body (<70mm ML) with long arms (>4×ML), arm autotomy, number of gill lamellae (6-7 per demibranch), enlarged suckers on second and third arms of male, hectocotilized arm with small ligula (<2.3% of hectocotylized arm), and highly sculptured skin. Two specimens collected at Oku and Sesoko, northern parts of Okinawa Island were identified as A. abaculus due to the presence of large circular white spots on dorsal mantle and dorsal arm surfaces. Four specimens collected from Awase at Okinawa Island, Kabira at Ishigaki Island, and Nakano at Iriomote Island were identified as A. aculeatus by their brownish yellow body color, comparatively large body (37.7-51.0mm), long arms (6-9×ML), and highly sculptured skin with primary papillae on dorsal mantle and above eyes. Abdopus aculeatus had been confused with Octopus oliveri in the Japanese literature. These two species were distinguished by arm length (<5×ML in O. oliveri), number of gill lamellae (7-8 in O. oliveri), body color (dark purple in O. oliveri), presence of papillae above the eyes (absent in O. oliveri), and shape of penis (V-shape in O. oliveri versus linear in A. aculeatus). These specimens are the first records of Abdopus from Japanese waters as well as the northern-most records for both species.

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A Historical Review of Classification of Foraminifers

Kazumi Akimoto, Jun'ichi Uchida

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 44-54
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_44

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The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical review of foraminiferal classification. Foraminifers were described as worms, cephalopods, gastropods and corals in the 18th century in Europe. In the early 19th century, the Order Foraminifera was distinguished from cephalopods by Orbigny (1826). Subsequently, numerous fossil species were described and their stratigraphic distributions studied by European researchers (e.g., Terquem, 1858). English workers concentrated on morphologic studies (Williamson, 1858) and the description of Recent faunas (Brady, 1884). In the earliest 20th century their economic value was recognized in petroleum exploration in America. Morphological taxonomical analysis was established by Cushman (1933) and Galloway (1933). Later, Wood (1949) described the optical characteristics of hyaline tests in polarized light. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) used test crystal orientation to distinguish suborders. The crystal ultrastructure of tests was studied by electron-microscope in 1970's. Loeblich and Tappan (1992) distinguished five suborders based on wall composition and texture. Currently, analysis of partial small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences is used to determine phylogenetic relationships, this has lead to taxonomical revisions of previously morphologically defined taxa.

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Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals : Collaboration between Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses and Morphological Based Taxonomy

Hironobu Fukami

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 55-62
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_55

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Taxonomy based on skeletal morphology of the scleractinian corals, especially zooxanthellate corals, is problematic because of the limited number of key characters, their plasticity, and possible morphological convergence. Recently several molecular analyses have been conducted, the controversial results of which compared with the morphological taxonomy. These molecular studies contain several problems. This paper briefly reviews the problems of traditional taxonomy and molecular-based phylogeny, and discusses the recent molecular work, mainly molecular analyses of the subfamily Faviina. Phylogenetic relationships based on the molecular analyses of species in the Faviina did not support the present morphological taxonomy, but fit the geographical distribution, suggesting morphological convergence, and the mode of reproduction. Furthermore, it was found in some cases that phylogenetically closely related species share several morphological characters that were used in past studies, but not used in the current taxonomy. In conclusion, this paper proposes one way to utilize both the morphological taxonomy and molecular analyses in the scleractinian corals.

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Introduction to Current Studies on Hemichordates with Emphasis on Molecular Developmental Biology

Kunifumi Tagawa

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 63-71
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_63

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Hemichordates provide a unique phylogenetic nexus among the deuterostomes, because they exhibit early development and larval morphology similar to those of echinoderms and also have chordate-like adult morphology. Analysis of the expression and function of hemichordate developmental genes therefore provide significant insights into the evolution of the deuterostome body plans. Several years ago, we started molecular studies on the development of hemichordates. This paper briefly reviews results garnered from the studies of a few selected, specific genes for understanding the evolution of chordate structures. These studies have suggested new ideas about the evolution of developmental mechanisms in the bilateral animals and deuterostomes. This review also discusses the exciting possibilities for future studies on hemichordates.

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A Brief Review of Convergent Evolution of Pluteus Larvae in Echinoderms

Hiroshi Wada, Mioko Matsubara, Takeshi Hareyama

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 72-79
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_72

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Two types of larval morphology are recognized in extant echinoderms, namely auricularia-type larvae for starfish, sea cucumbers and sea lilies, and pluteus-type larvae for sea urchins and brittle stars. Since sister-grouping of the sea urchins and the sea cucumbers is supported by both fossil evidence and molecular data, the pluteus-type larvae are regarded to have evolved convergently in the sea urchins and the brittle stars. This paper briefly reviews recent progress in our work on comparative molecular developmental studies in the echinoderms. We investigated expressions and function of developmental genes, which are essential for sea urchin larval skeletogenesis, in the starfish and brittle stars. Based on expression data, we infer how the larval skeleton evolved in the sea urchins and brittle stars.

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What are Crinoids? : Their Distributions, Classification, Ecology and Ontogeny

Tatsuo Oji

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 80-88
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_80

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General morphology, distribution, classification, ecology and ontogeny extant crinoids are summarized and reviewed, with particular emplasis placed on the stalked crinoids. Japan is located at or near the northernmost limit of distributions of many stalked crinoid species, which are widely distributed in the western Pacific. Sixteen species of stalked crinoids are currently known from Japanese waters. Thus Japan is an excellent place for the biological study of crinoids, and further research and interesting results are expected.

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Mission of Natural History Museums

Masahiro Shiba

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 89-97
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_89

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Natural history museums are research organizations to investigate systems and historical organization of the natural world and to contribute to debate about what constitutes ideal human societies in both the present and future. Regional natural history museums bear two important roles, i.e., to investigate the regional natural environment and to collect and deposit specimens and materials from the region. A nationwide decrease in the number of professional and amateur taxonomists will lead to a serious depletion of natural science capabilities in Japan in the near future. Considering recent deterioration of social circumstances in Japanese museums, regional natural history museums should concentrate their activities on research and collections rather than education and should become centers of natural history study. Therefore, conducting such basic research should be the most important mission of natural history museums.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 98-99
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_98

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2007 Volume 22 Pages 99-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_99

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 100-101
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_100

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 102-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_102

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2007 Volume 22 Pages 103-104
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_103

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2007 Volume 22 Pages 104-106
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_104

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2007 Volume 22 Pages 106-107
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_106

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 108-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_108

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 109-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_109_1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 109-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_109_2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 110-111
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_110

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages 112-114
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_112

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 22 Pages App3-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_App3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 22 Pages Cover3-
Published: February 20, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.19004/taxa.22.0_Cover3

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