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67 巻, 14 号
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大竹 正1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2073-2085
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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西沢 泰二, 長谷部 光弘1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2086-2097
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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清水 謙一1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2098-2107
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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吉村 博文1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2108-2116
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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上野 康, 杉山 峻一, 国岡 計夫1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2117-2124
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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千原 學1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2125-2130
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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伊藤 公久, 佐野 信雄1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2131-2137
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe equilibrium concentrations of Ti3+ and Ti4+ in the molten CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system with TiC, C and atmospheric CO were determined in the temperature ranging from 1 400° to 1 550°C in order to clarify the mechanism of the formation of titanium carbonitride at the hearth of a blast furnace. The γTio1·5 and γTio2 values were calculatcd from the determined concentrations as well.
The Ti4+ ion in slags is found to behave amphoterically with the critical CaO/SiO2 equal to unity. The Ti3+ ion behaves basic except in highly basic slags such as in the CaO-Al2O3 system, where it turns out to behave acidic.
It is indicated by the thermodynamic calculation including the data of the present work that the actual blast furnace slag contains titanium abundantly enough to form Ti(CN). In view of the sluggish formation of TiC from slags and graphite, the protective titanium bear on the hearth is likely to form on the reaction in which hot metals take nart.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (903K) -
中村 泰, 原島 和海, 福田 義盛1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2138-2144
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーLiquid 4% C-Fe alloy at 1 350°C was refined with CaO-based fluxes (CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3) containing chloride and/or fluoride compound of metals (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Al and Fe), in order to study the effect of halide addition on the refining power of CaO-based flux. A rotating crucible containing 1 kg alloy was used to avoid the reaction between the molten flux and the crucible. Weight ratios of the flux to the alloy and the halide compound to CaO were 0.030-0.037 and 0.4-0.6, respectively. The refining power of Na2CO3-based flux (Na2CO3-SiO2) without an addition of halide compound was also studied in comparison with that of CaO-based fluxes.
The experimental results showed that the addition of the halide compounds enhanced both the rate and the degree of phosphorus removal except the cases of KCl and NaCl addition. Na2CO3-based flux showed the excellent dephosphorizing power in the whole range of basicity studied. In a limited range of basicity from 4 to 6, however, CaO-based fluxes containing LiF, LiCl, CaCl2 and CaCl2-CaF2 revealed the dephosphorizing power comparable to that of Na2CO3-based flux; the degree of phosphorus removal was nearly 90%. The degree of sulfur removal attained by CaO-based fluxes (0-80%) was lower than that of Na2CO3-based flux (85% or more).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1227K) -
山田 桂三, 東 洋幸, 檜山 猛, 杉村 公正1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2145-2151
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーUtilization of molten ferroalloys in making stainless steels was succeeded in the Hachinohe Works of Pacific Metals Co., LTD. (PAMCO), and LD-AOD process which is one of the P.H.A. process (PAMCO-HOT-ALLOY process) was developed.
The trial heats proved that the LD-AOD process was able to apply to production runs with no difficulties. The characteristic features of the process are as follows;
1) An enormous increase in chromium and tapping yield can be obtained. Operation time is also shortened considerably.
2) The establishment of process to remove the sulfur from the melt of high sulfur content in the AOD have resulted in the elimination of crude ferronickel's desulfurization step in the alloy section.
3) Total energy consumption can be saved to a great extent.
4) High-purity, high-quality stainless steel can be produced constantly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (741K) -
鑓田 征雄, 北村 邦雄, 北浜 正法, 片岡 健二, 中川 吉左衛門, 青木 茂雄, 松田 修, 吉田 昭茂1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2152-2161
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーHeat streaks are surface defects which often occur in cold rolling of thin gauge steel strip. Rolling conditions influencing the heat streak formation have been investigated using the commercial rolling mills. The mechanism of heat streak formation was revealed by microscopic observation of work rolls and rolled strip surface, and by analysis of oil film conditions in contact arc using elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory.
The summaries are as follows;
(1) Grinding scratches on a work roll form heat streaks in each case of heavy reduction rolling, high speed rolling, rolling of hard meterial and cooling with an insufficient coolant flow rate.
(2) Grinding scratches extremely increase oil film pressure and temperature around the scratches. When the oil film breaks out due to the increase of pressure and temperature, heat streaks occur.
(3) Two effective countermeasures were obtained. The first is to control the size of roll surface defects under 3 μm, and the second is to use rolling oil of high boundary lubricity which can endure high pressure and temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6771K) -
長井 寿, 柴田 浩司, 藤田 利夫1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2162-2171
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーEffects of manganese on low temperature mechanical properties have been studied in carbon-free 11Ni-1Mo-Mn steels. Charpy impact tests were performed at temperatures between 0°and about -255°C. A manganese free steel revealed intergranular failure in the as-quenched condition, and the sulfur segregation to austenite grain boundaries may be responsible for this embrittlement. This phenomena could be easily eliminated by the addition of only 0.5 pct manganese. However, as the manganese content increased more intergranular embrittlement during reheating prevailed. The grain boundary segregation of nickel and manganese might be closely concerned with the mechanism of the embrittlement.
The fine-grained 0.5 pct manganese steel showed the most excellent low temperature toughness and revealed no brittle feature in Charpy tests at about -255°C when it was reheated at temperatures between 550°and 650°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (9501K) -
坂木 庸晃, 杉本 公一, 宮川 大海1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2172-2181
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe characteristics of plastic deformation of 1 700 N/mm2 grade maraging steel were revealed from the precise true stress-true strain curves and the strain hardening rate-true strain curves, and from the observation of dislocation structure. The factors affecting the uniform elongation were discussed.
1) The plastic deformation was mainly composed of the four kinds of fundamental stages.
2) In the solution-treated or under-aged steels, the plastic deformation was composed of the first stage which was affected by the martensite transformation and by the aging, and of the third and the fourth stages with linear hardening. The uniform elongation of these steels was determined by the character of the first stage.
3) In the over-aged steels, the second stage with high strain hardening rate due to coarse precipitate particles appeared, and so the uniform elongation increased largely.
4) The reverted austenite precipitated in over-aged steels increased slightly the uniform elongation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4812K) -
前原 泰裕, 邦武 立郎, 藤野 允克1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2182-2190
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2010/01/18
ジャーナル フリー0.10C-0.30Si-1.0Mn鋼(B),これとほぼ同じ組成に0.02Nbを添加したK8鋼,および同じくNbを添加し,Cを0.01%と低減したK12鋼を用いて初期粒度をそろえ,変形前のNb(C,N)を分解,固溶させる目的で所定の温度に加熱後,10-4～10-1/sの歪み速度(ε),850～1 100℃の温度(T)での高温引張変形によつて得られた応力一歪(σ/ε)曲線を解析することによつて,オーステナイトの変形挙動,動的再結晶挙動,Nb(C,N)の析出挙動とその影響について検討した.得られた結果を以下に要約する.
(1)動的再結晶でみられるσ/ε曲線のピーク応力(σp)はTが低く,εが大きい程大きくなる傾向を示し,σp,ε,Tの関係はB,K12鋼では,
ε=Aσnpexp(-Q/RT)
で整理でき,それぞれQ=59.3,69.3kcal/molが得られた.nはいずれも約5.0となつた.K8鋼のアレニウスプロットはT〓1 050℃の高温部で傾きが小さくなる折れ曲がりを生じた.低温部(T〓1 000℃)から得られたQは85.6kcal/mol程度とK12鋼よりもさらに大きくなつた.K8鋼で見られたこれらの現象はNb(C,N)の析出に起因するものと考えられた.
(2)σpに対応する歪み,すなわち動的再結晶を起こすに要する歪みと密接に関係することが知られている.εpもεとTに対してσpと同様の傾向を示した.その大きさは同一条件では,K8,K12,Bの順となり,Nb添加による再結晶抑制効果が認められた.K12鋼でみられた再結晶抑制効果は,かなり小さく,その程度がε,Tによつてほとんど変化しなかつたことから固溶Nbによる効果のみが現れたものと考えられた.K8鋼での再結晶抑制効果は,Tとεのある条件下で極めて顕著であり,その他の条件下では小さく,K12鋼と大差なかつた.この顕著な再結晶抑制効果は,析出後の導入と析出が連続的に行われる動的析出によつて生じた細かいNb(C,N)によるものと考えられた.Nb(C,N)の析出温度範囲でも,εが小さい場合は析出の核形成の数が少なく,それらが成長して比較的粗大となつたために同じ動的析出でも再結晶抑制効果が小さかつたものと考えられる.逆にεが大きすぎる場合はNb(C,N)が析出する時間的余裕がないため,K12鋼と同様に固溶Nbの効果しか示さなかつたものと考えられる.なお変形前に静的な析出をさせたものでは動的な再結晶抑制効果はほとんど認められず,変形前の固溶Nbの存在が重要であることを確認した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3706K) -
小林 洋, 梶 晴男, 笠松 裕1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2191-2200
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe formation kinetics and the growth rate of proeutectoid ferrite (p.f.) have been examined by means of optical microscopy in commercial low carbon high strength steels containing Nb(0.04-0.08 wt%) and V(0.10 wt%) at temperatures ranging from 640°C to 700°C.
The growth of p.f. immeadiately after solution treatment is remarkably retarded by a small amount of Nb addition. In contrast, V addition rather promotes it. The nucleation is also dramatically supressed by Nb, but not so much by V. The precipitation of Nb(C, N) from austenite increases both the growth and the nucleation rate of p.f.
The growth of p.f. containing Nb and V in solution has been discussed in terms of their carbide forming potential and variation of Ae3 temperature with their additions. The effects of Nb and V can be explained by the "impurity drag" model and "no-partition Ae3" concept, respectively. The acceleration of p.f. reaction resulting from Nb(C, N) precipitation is tentatively ascribed to the reduction of C and Nb atoms in solution. The "pinning" effect of Nb(C, N) particles appears to be relatively small on the growth retardation of p.f.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (11342K) -
春日井 孝昌, 岡田 明, 稲垣 道夫1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2201-2207
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーMetallographic changes in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) for the ferritic and pearlitic steel such as Steel SM50 were investigated, and a maximum temperature at any portion of the HAZ was estimated from the relation between microstructual changes and the theoretical formula for one dimentional thermal conduction. Results are as follows;
(1) The observation of the fusion line was facilitated through the application of an interference microscope to the weld zone etched with the saturated picric acid solution containing an anion activator.
(2) The massive ferrite at the portion heated to 950°C in the synthetic HAZ with a cooling time from A3 to 500°C of about 0.84 sec, was not the ferrite retained in the base metal, but the ferrite grown from the austenite due to heating.
(3) The boundary between the HAZ and the unaffected zone of the base metal was clarified by the observation of macro- and microstructures.
(4) The maximum temperature at any portion of the HAZ was estimated by using an equation introduced from the formula for one dimentional thermal condition due to the instantaneous plane heat source and the metallographic techniques as mentioned above in (1) and (3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8165K) -
白沢 秀則, 小林 洋, 自在丸 二郎1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2208-2215
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーEffects of different strengthening factors such as ferrite grain refinement, solid solution element, pearlite volume fraction, and transformation micro-constituent on ductility were investigated in order to find the most desirable strengthening method for high strength steel with good ductility.
Carbon, silicon, manganese, and chromium contents were independently changed in C-Si-Mn steel. Ferrite grain sizes were varied in the range of d-1/2=410 by annealing the hot rolled or cold rolled sheets at temperatures between 600°C and 1 100°C. Strengthening by solid solution and pearlite volume fraction (carbon content) was investigated at the same grain size. Transformation micro-constituent was continuously changed from ferrite·pearlite to bainite by holding the austenitized sheets in salt bath kept between 300°C and 650°C for long enough to finish transformation. Strength and total elongation of these materials were investigated.
Ferrite grain refining was the most desirable strengthening method because it enhanced strength and elongation. Strengthening by the others were accompanied by decrease in elongation though its degree was different with each other. Solid solution strengthening by Si showed least decrease in elongation, followed by strengthenings by pearlite volume fraction and by solid solution of Mn. Strengtheningby the transformation micro-constituent was not desirable for ductility. Solid solution of Cr was not effective in strengthening.
Improvement in ductility by ferrite grain refining is due to the increase in local elongation. Decrease in ductility by the other strengthening methods is largely influenced by the decrease in uniform elongation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3268K) -
小林 俊郎, 松原 等, 上田 俶完1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2216-2225
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2010/05/07
ジャーナル フリーInstrumented Charpy impact test becomes more useful by connecting the digital memory and microcomputer, in which yield load(Py), maximum load(Pm), pre-maximum load energy(Ei)and post-maximum load one(Ep) are automatically and rapidly analyzed. In this analysis, cyclic oscillations in a load signal are corrected and smoothened by using a method of moving averages(the nonrecursive low pass digital filter).
Dynamic, JIC value(JId)of A533B steel can be measured a fatigue pre-cracked type Charpy specimen, provided that a true deflection of specimen and a true crack initiation point the load-deflection curve are known. For this purpose, elastic compliance values of the testing machine and the specimen are measured dynamically by the elastic low blow test to correct the apparent deflection. Crack iniitiation point, on the other hand, is detected by the plastic low blow test. It is shown that the crack initiation in the fatigue pre-cracked specimen of this material occurs prior to the maximum load, and that the relation between crack initiation energy(EΔa)and pre-maximum load energy(Ei)is EΔa/Ei≅0.8.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4696K) -
中井 揚一, 上杉 康治, 倉橋 速生1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2226-2233
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーTo develop a laboratory test method for accelerating stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steels in liquid ammonia, effects of ammonia contaminants, such as O2, N2, CO2, etc., and electro-chemical polarization on the time to failure of specimen under a constant tensile load have been studied.
SCC is strongly accelerated by an anodic polarization of steel in liquid ammonia which is saturated with CO2 and contaminated with O2 above 0.5 atm partial pressure. By this test method, previous research findings on the inhibition of SCC by the addition of water and the decrease of temperature are confirmed.The susceptibility for SCC of various commercial steels examined by this method for 7 days is correlated very well with the result of one year immersion test in ammonia storage tank. Cracks of specimens are quite similar in appearance and this suggests the same SCC mechanism prevails in both cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (11686K) -
中井 揚一, 上杉 康治, 倉橋 速生1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2234-2241
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of low alloy steel in liquid ammonia has been investigated by measuring potentiostatic polarization curve, potential- or current-time curve under a constant tensile load and electro-chemical hydrogen permeation.
The results obtained are as follows;
1) In liquid ammonia containing strong electrolyte, such as NH4NO3, anodic polarization curve of steel shows active, passive and trans-passive states as in aqueous solutions. The passive state is eliminated by the addition of CO2.
2) By the existence of CO2 in liquid ammonia the corrosion rate of steel increases, and a corrosion product film is formed on the surface of steel. The film formation is considerably accelerated by the addition of O2.
3) A potential rise or current decay in the constant load test under anodic polarization is observed before the failure of specimen, this indicating the growth of the corrosion product film on the surface of steel.
4) The addition of water or the decrease of temperature inhibits the formation of corrosion product film and the cracking of specimen.
5) Under anodic polarization, no hydrogen permeation is observed but cracking is stimulated.
These results indicate that SCC of steel in liquid ammonia is due to an active path corrosion mechanism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1100K) -
新山 英輔, 藤井 博務, 垣生 泰弘, 藤 雅雄, 内田 謙二1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2242-2246
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2243-2243,2446
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
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寺田 雄一, 斉藤 武雄, 伊藤 公久, 串岡 清, 桜谷 敏和, 越智 昭彦, 手墳 誠, 広松 秀則, 門馬 義雄1981 年 67 巻 14 号 p. 2253-2256
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1118K)
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