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73 巻, 3 号
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吉田 政博1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 403-410
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
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和泉 修1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 411-419
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
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村上 陽太郎1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 420-426
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
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宮崎 俊三1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 427-436
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2010/01/18
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金属の表面分析の現状と課題(2)大坪 孝至, 広川 吉之助, 福田 安生, 大橋 善治, 薄木 智亮, 源内 規夫, 石田 英明, 吉田 鎮雄, 関本 靖裕, 鈴木 堅市1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 437-452
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
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重野 芳人, 小林 三郎, 大森 康男1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 453-460
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe WICKE-KALLENBACH method had not been applied to the high temperature measurement due to the difficulty of preventing gas leakage from the portion between the diffusion cell and a sample. However, this problem was overcome by devising the Na2O-SiO2 cement containing liquid phase at elevated temperatures.
This technique made it possible to evaluate the effective diffusivity of Ar-He system through coke and graphite in a wide temperature range from 20 to 1300°C. The effective diffusivity for CO-CO2 up to 300°C and permeant fluxes for Ar and He up to 1000°C were also measured.
From these measurements, molecular, KNUDSEN and surface diffusion through pores could be evaluated distinctively, the results of which showed the temperature dependence of molecular diffusivity as T1·66T1·69in coincidence with the theoretical value by CHAPMAN-ENSKOG.
The technique proposed in the present work was also applied to the in situ measurement of effective diffusivity of Ar-He through coke in the course of oxidation with CO2 at 900°C.
The variation of diffusivity with the increase in degree of reaction was found to be several times larger than that expected by the "Parallel pore" model.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1246K) -
加藤 明, 富田 貞雄, 運崎 秀明, 秋山 守, 崎村 博1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 461-468
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーA hierarchical computer system was developed for the control of Nos. 3 and 4 sinter plants at Chiba. This system consists of three layers; digital control system, process computer, and central computer at Chiba Works.
Besides for the control of the sinter plants, the process computer system is scheduled to be extended in steps for the control of the other plants in the ironmaking department, to be eventually the integrated process computer system for the ironmaking process by using an exclusive computer. It enables the improvement of the maintenance efficiency.
For the high future extensibility of the system, the process computer system adopted a general-purpose computer (IBM-4361) and software package ACS (Advanced Control System) for process control. Since, however, the ACS is a software for a continuous process such as petroleum refining process, various kinds of functional expansion was made for the ironmaking process.
The 3-layer hierarchical system of Nos. 3 and 4 sinter plants at Chiba Works was completed in July 1985, and has brought about saving of the cost and increase of the efficiency in the operation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (9443K) -
飯田 孝道, 川本 正幸, 奥田 博文, 森田 善一郎1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 469-475
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーA clear understanding of characteristic features of molten salts requires quantitative discussions on their network structures. From this point of view, viscosities of pure molten borate and borate-base binary oxides, in which network structures would be formed, have been measured by using an oscillating-plate viscometer. Furthermore, characteristic features of viscosity of molten salts have been discussed on the basis of model theories. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Viscosities of molten B2O3 are expressed in the following non-Arrhenius equation:
μ=0.103 exp (5.17×107/RT2) (in Pa·s)
(2) As compared with the viscosities of molten B2O3, the viscosities of molten B2O3-2mol% SiO2 are high, while the viscosities of molten B2O3-2mol% ZnO, BaO, PbO, Na2O are low in that order. This order corresponds approximately to that of the relative strength of acidity→basicity for the oxides.
(3) Since network forming melts have higher viscosity values, positive deviations from the viscosities calculated by using an equation for simple melts would provide a quantitative approach to the network structures of melts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1126K) -
萬谷 志郎, 日野 光兀1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 476-483
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe chemical equilibria of gas-slag-metal reactions have been discussed to clarify the applicability of LUMSDEN'S regular solution model to oxygen distribution in steelmaking process. The slage studied are FetO-CaO, FetO-CaO-SiO2, FetO-MgO-SiO2, FetO-(CaO+MgO)-SiO2 and FetO-(CaO+MgO)-P2O5 systems. The influence of slag composition on the activity of iron oxide and the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio has been discussed.
It has been confirmed that the regular solution model is satisfied over wide composition range in above-mentioned steelmaking slags except for SiO2 saturation and FeO rich region. In has been possible by the use of the model to calculate activities of the constituents in FetO-(CaO+MgO)-(SiO2+P2O5), iso-activity lines for each component in FetO-CaO-SiO2 slags and contours of αFetO in FetO-MgO-SiO2 slags.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1291K) -
横山 誠二, 鰐部 吉基, 坂尾 弘1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 484-490
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーFor the quantitative analysis on the infiltration of molten slag into pores in refractories, the wettability of an FeO-SiO2 slag was studied for Al2O3-SiO2 bricks and dense refractory plates by the sessile drop method in consideration of surface roughness on the samples. The results have been phenomenologically discussed together with those previously obtained in refractory capillarles. The conclusions are;
(1) The contact angle is dependent on the ratio of the slag drop height to the width. As this ratio became smaller, the contact angle observed approached the value calculated on the presumption of the slag drop shape being a part of a sphere.
(2) The time-dependency of the contact angles is intermediate on the refractory bricks between the typlcal ones on both the dense alumina and mullite refractories. The behavlor is correlative to the quantitative fractions of the minerals which the bricks are composed of.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2865K) -
鰐部 吉基, 横山 誠二, 伊藤 孝至, 藤澤 敏治, 坂尾 弘1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 491-497
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study reveals the quantitative analysis on the infiltration of molten slag into pores in bricks with the slagging reactions. The experiment was carried out with an FeO-SiO2 slag on practically used Al2O3-SiO2 bricks at 1 523 and 1 573 K, then semi-theoretical formulations were introduced for the interpretation in a connected pores system. A satisfactory explanation was presented to the experimental observations on the slagging infiltration of the molten slag in the industrial bricks through the characterization of the pores system and the correlative evaluations of immersion force, slagging reactivity and wetting behavior. The unified interpretaion then suggests the possibility for the anticipative estimation of the phenomenon out of the material natures concerned.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3332K) -
中井 健, 坂下 勉, 橋尾 守規, 川崎 守夫, 中島 敬治, 杉谷 泰夫1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 498-504
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of reducing heat flux density in continuous casting mould on the solidified shell formation has been studied in order to improve the irregularity of solidified shell thickness and to reduce longitudinal surface cracks. From theoretical considerations, mild cooling in the mould can be attained by making many grooves on the mould inner surface, since the heat transfer coefficient between the strand shell and the mould is lowered due to the air gap existence in the groove. Therefore the width of each groove should be minimized to prevent the molten powder from flowing into the groove.
Experiments using the mould with small longitudinal grooves have been carried out in the curved continuous casting machine. From results of temperature measurements in the copper mould, the local heat flux density at 15mm below the mould meniscus is lowered to about two thirds of that of the conventional smooth surface mould. Both the irregularity of shell thickness and the surface quality of slabs are considerably improved.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (926K) -
長谷川 守弘, 丸橋 茂昭, 村中 裕, 星 記男1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 505-512
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーAn investigation was carried out on surface defects in continuously cast stainless steel slabs containing titanium. Factors affecting the formation of two main surface defects, i.e. crust defects and cluster defects were examined. Furthermore, a study was made on the mechanism of formation of crusts at the meniscus in the mould.
1) Two causes are pointed out for the fact that crusts are apt to form in these steels; a) titanium nitride inclusions in the molten steel act as effective substrates for the nucleation of solidified steel, and b) they react with iron oxide in a mould powder to form nitrogen gas blow holes which lower apparent thermal diffusivity of the molten steel.
2) Cluster defects were formed by two different mechanisms; large size of cluster defects were originated from a piece of build-up in the tundish nozzle, and those of small size are caused by accumulation of the in-clusions at a certain position of the meniscus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7081K) -
大西 稔泰, 塩飽 潔, 川崎 正蔵, 奥島 敢, 鈴木 康夫, 土井 健司1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 513-519
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーHigh carbon chromium bearing steel has been mainly produced by electric arc furnace-small ingot casting process. However application of continuously cast steel has been gradually expanded. In order to improve the rolling contact fatigue life of bearing steel, it is essential to decrease oxygen, titanium and sulfur contents in the steel and improve center line segregation.
Taking these points into consideration, high carbon chromium bearing steel is produced through BOF-CC process. The contents of oxygen, titanium, phosphorus and sulfur are easily decreased by combining the hot metal pretreatment furnace-BOF-ladle refining process.
The center line segregation is improved by the combined electromagnetic stirring technique. As a result, cleanliness of the steel and rolling contact fatigue life are improved. Based on good result of ball fatigue test, it can be expected to apply continuously cast steel to bearing ball use.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2907K) -
岡 勉, 前 義治1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 520-527
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーConcerning the product cost, the use of recycled scraps for the production of ingots of titanium alloys is of great importance. Thus, the authors have developed a new melting technique, called the package melting method, for titanium alloy scraps. The process is summarized as follows. At first, massive scraps, chips and turnings are packed together into the gutter regardless the size and type of scraps. Secondary, the gutter is set horizontally into vacuum furnace, melted with plasma electron beam or electron beam and cast into ingot continuously.
Experiments carried out on Ti-6Al-4V alloy scraps result in the following conclusions.
(1) Ingots obtained by this method have good surface quality and no shrinkage porosity and segregation.
(2) Since the ingot has good workability with only a single melt, secondary melting is not necessary.
(3) The bars produced from recycled scrap have mechanical properties equivalent to those of the bars from sponge.
(4) Owing to the simple processing steps and high scrap ratio, this method has cost advantages over other melting method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8587K) -
木原 諄二, 〓田 俊緑, 萬羽 昭夫1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 528-535
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2010/05/07
ジャーナル フリー以上本研究において得られた結果に関してそれぞれ考察を行つたが,とくに,潤滑剤とロール表面との反応性が粗度低下に重要な役割を有していることが明らかにされた.しかし,一般に言われている,粗度低下がキルド鋼の方がリムド鋼より著しいが,ロールの直径摩耗に関しては,明確な差が認められないという点と,粗度低下機構との関連に関して問題が残されている.
本研究に用いたキルド鋼とリムド鋼との違いの一つはFig.8に示される変形抵抗に関する違いである.このことから,粗度摩耗はアスペリチーの先端がより硬い材料によつて叩かれるから,先端が早く摩滅するという説明が考えられる.これについては硬い材料に叩かれながらなぜ直径摩耗に反映しないかという反論が可能である.
さて,直径摩耗を支配するのは,ロール表面直下の層における疲労剥離であることが機械要素の接触時について定説となつてきた.すなわち,疲労は材料の硬さと直接関係のある圧力だけでなく摩擦応力との合成で定まる応力状態に支配される.そこで,粗度低下と摩擦応力の低下との関係を調べるため,接触弧内の平均摩擦応力Fmを圧延距離にたいして測定した。その結果をFig. 10に示す.実験は実験IVのTs油およびTo油を用いた場合についての平均摩擦応力Fmを次式によつてもとめ圧延距離による変化を示したものである.縦軸は圧延開始時のFm値を1とし比を取つている.
Fm=T/(R・Ld・ω)
(T:トルク,Ld:接触投影長さ,ω:板幅,R:ロール半径)
なお,Ts油の場合圧延開始時のFm値は4.6kg/mm2To油の場合圧延開始時のFm値は5.6kg/mm2であつた.
3800mまでFm値を求める実験を行つた.Tsを用いた場合はFmは下がる傾向にあるがToはあまり変化がない.その上,上述のようにTs油の圧延初期の摩擦応力はTo油のそれをすでに17%強下回つている.
そのようなことから,ロールの直径摩耗に対しては潤滑性の良い潤滑剤の防止効果は十分あるが,アスペリチーの先端のような局所では,グローバルな応力状態(圧力,いわゆる摩擦応力)より材料の硬さが決定するローカルな応力状態が支配し潤滑剤と反応して形成された反応生成物がつぎつぎ剥ぎ取られる一種の腐食摩耗が現象を支配すると考えれば,本研究を通して得られた結果ならびに一般にここで取り上げた問題に関して発表されている事実を矛盾なく理解することができる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5337K) -
服部 博, 北川 正樹, 大友 暁1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 536-543
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain fundamental information on the effect of test temperature on the low-cycle fatigue properties of two Ni-base wrought alloys, namely Inconel 617 and Hastelloy XR, a set of strain controlled fatigue tests has been carried out at temperatures up to 1000°C in air and partly in vacuum under a fully reversible triangular and a strain-hold waveforms.
Cyclic hardening behaviors were observed at temperatures up to 800°C. The fatigue life was reduced with increasing temperature. At high temperatures above 800°C the following results were obtained. The difference of lives between in air and vacuum became larger. The intergranular failure was dominant and the range of transition temperature from transgranular to intergranular was 600800°C depending on the strain range and waveform.Experimental fatigue lives for both alloys were shorter than fatigue lives predicted by the universal slope method and 10% rule.
Thus, the effects of creep deformation and high temperature oxidation on the fatigue properties were significant at high temperatures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3794K) -
岡田 八郎, 村上 賀國1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 544-550
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2010/01/18
ジャーナル フリーExperience of Accidents at petroleum-refining plants strongly demand improvements in the safety of facility operations. Brittle fracture at relatively low temperature is the most catastorophic type of accident of pressure vessel that can occur in use. To prevent it, various approaches of reliability evaluation have been taken. The most important factor in reliability evaluation is the toughness of the construction material. There are more than a few cases in which a fracture originated in lower toughness than expected.
Pressure vessels of 1/2 Mo steel are the most widely used in such petroleum-refining facilities as naphtha, kerosene, and light oil hydrotreating reactors. The significance of their toughness has become highlighted resently.
22 samples of 1/2 Mo steels, which had been in long-term service for pressure vessels, were investigated for the purpose of prediction of the vTrs of 1/2 Mo steel. It was found that the vTrs of 1/2 Mo steel can be estimated nondestructively by using the following parameter.
vTrs(°C)= 22.6 X-32.59
X= 100 (P+B)/ HV·N
where P+B: Pearlite plus bainite fractions in the microstructure, HV: Vickers hardness, N: ASTM ferrite grain size No.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1047K) -
酒井 忠迪, 浅見 清1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 551-557
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーCreep rupture tests in high pressure hydrogen and argon of 200 kgf/cm2 at 525 and 550°C were performed on two 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo steels indicated as P and Sn steels which have low and high density of voids by hydrogen attack, respectively. The results are as follows:
1) Marked decrease in reduction of area was observed in hydrogen atmosphere after a certain rupture time in a stress-rupture time diagram. However, the decrease on Sn steel was observed at earlier rupture time than on P steel.
2) Contrast to intragranular ductile fractrure in argon atmosphere, whole fracture surface of Sn steel consisted of grain boundaries with coalescent voids in hydrogen atmosphere. In the case of P steel, since only a few voids were grown on grain boundaries, micro cracks occurring around triple point of grain boundaries could not propagate along grain boundaries but combined with intragranular ductile fracture. This indicates that the number of voids are not increased under applied stress and the ductility loss in hydrogen atmosphere is determined by hydrogen attack resistance of steels.
3) Applied stress accelerated void growth rate by 3-4 times. This can be understood by taking methane pressure to be 1 000-2 000 kgf/cm 2 and applying this value to a theoretical equation. The carbon activity corresponding to the methane pressure is 0.04-0.10.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5805K) -
鈴木 信一, 征矢 勇夫1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 558-564
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2010/01/19
ジャーナル フリーThe welded zone of a chain link manufactured by flash welding is generally softened due to the reduction of the amount of alloying elements during welding. The simulation test using the specimens which have soft interlayer materials was done to clarify the effect of softening on the mechanical properties of the welded zone. The results are as follows:
1) Though the simulated specimen fractures at the soft layer on tensile tests, the tensile strength is higher than that of the soft materials. With decreasing the thickness of the soft layer the tensile strength in creases, but the elongation and the reduction of area considerably reduce.
2) The impact value of the simulated specimens reduces with decreasing the thickness and the hardness of the soft material.
3) The reasons for them are that the plastic deformation of the simulated specimens occurs within the soft layer and the specimens fracture before general yielding.
4) The toughness of the welded zone in a chain link is improved by either making the softened layer of the welded zone thicker or reducing the degree of softening.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5176K) -
鈴木 堅市, 山崎 修一, 森 隆, 大坪 孝至1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 565-572
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーFactors which determine the Grim glow discharge characteristics, sputtering rateand emission yield were studied in order to obtain quantitative depth profiles of surface films on steel sheets using the glow discharge spectrometry (GDS).
1) The sputtering rate of a specimen (with a constant composition) depends on the product of the effective discharge voltage and the courrent, being indifferent of the Ar pressure and the discharge modes (constant voltage, constant current and constant power).
2) The emission yield (within the abnormal glow discharge reange) on the three modes increases depending on the Ar pressure.
3) Some matrix effects are observed in the emission yield of zinc and iron for Zn-Fe alloy plating. The emission yield, therefore, should be corrected according to approximate alloy composition in order to obtain accurate results.
4) GDS can also be applied for the analysis of very thin layers, such as chromate film on the top of tin plates. The coefficient of variance of the analysis of Ni, Su and Cr (chromate) layers (the total thickness 100 nm) is less than 5%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1065K) -
江里口 恭子, 浅井 滋生1987 年 73 巻 3 号 p. 575-575,584
発行日: 1987/03/01
公開日: 2009/06/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (357K)
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