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74 巻, 11 号
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中川 龍一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2061-2066
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
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沖津 博人1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2067-2079
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
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古川 和男1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2080-2089
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリー我々は,好みの問題としてではなく核エネルギー利用は可能であるかどうか,根底から問いなおす時点にきている.そして恐らくLILIENTHALも指摘するように,初心に戻り再出発すべきであろう28).その具体策の一つとしてトリウム溶融塩炉を示した.さらに詳しい解説25)もある.
上記のようにまずMiniFUJIを運転し,この技術の合理性を広く社会と共に実感することが必須である.それは幸い,ORNLの努力,特に実験炉MSREの実績に基づくならば,疑う余地はないくらいである.それはわずかの投資,約100名の人々で遂行できたのである.この余りに美事な成果は,ある意味では不幸であつた.余りに小人数であつた関係者しか,その成果の価値を理解していないといえるからである.液体燃料炉になじみの薄い人々により書かれた誤解をまねきやすい解説が,今でも国内外に多いのはたいへん不幸なことである17).
改めて,なぜわずかな資金・人容(時間は約20年[Fig.2])で技術の基本が完成できたかを考えてみたい.結論は「理論に支えられた開発」29)だつたからである.歴史的にみても溶融塩化学は,物理化学的手法が最も成功した領域であるが,この燃料塩は典型的なイオン性液体であつて,相互作用の主体は古典的な静電力であり,重ね合わせが効き,正に物理化学的理論で半定量的な挙動予測が十分できる9).[本質的に量子論的性格の強い液体金属技術とは,対照的である29)30).]彼らはこの原則に誠実に従い,基礎的研究を深めつつ開発を進めた.試行錯誤ではなく,理論予測を踏まえた実験的手法で,難問を次々と解決してきたのである14)19).これは,今後の開発途上で困難に直面した場合にも,直ちに合理的な対策が立てられるであろうことを意味する.またひるがえつて,過去の成果についても,単なる経験事実以上の理論的保証が得られていることを意味するであろう.
このようにして,この技術が現代の課題(A)~(F)(2.参照)の真の解決策であることを実証できると信じたい.しかも必要資金はまず200~300億円でよいと思う.
溶融スラグは,本質的にFlibe系溶融塩と同質の媒体である12)29)(4・2).同じ高温融体工業である鉄鋼業界の持つ能力が,この方面に活かされることを期待したい.[追記]本解説に関連深い次世代炉に関する論説が発表された[IAE-4479/3(1987)].主著者故LEGASOVは,Chernobyl炉事故処理の指揮者であつた.拙訳[日本原子力学会誌,30(1988)11,印刷中]を参照されたい.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1791K) -
重松 信一, 岩井 彦哉1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2090-2097
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dense wustite plates containing MgO with SiO2 or Al2O3 were reduced isothermally in H2 gas stream over a temperature range of 670 to 930°C.
By the presence of very small of SiO2 dissolved in wusuite phase the reduction reaction was promoted at temperatures above 800°C and retarded at temperatures below 730°C. MgO dissolved in FeO with SiO2 cancels the effect of SiO2 mentioned above.
Al2O3 dissolved in wustite slows down the reduction in initial stage greatly and that in and after middle stage further more. MgO dissolved in wustite with Al2O3 slows down the reduction in the initial stage further.
Correspondence between reduction rate and structure of reduced iron recognized in this work is same as that in previous works.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5584K) -
村山 武昭, 趙 鍾敏, 東 耕一郎, 小野 陽一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2098-2105
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーThe applicability of the reduction model proposed in the previous paper (Tetsu-to-Hagané, 73 (1987), p. 972), in which the water-gas shift reaction and multi-component gas diffusion were taken into account, to the reduction kinetics of wustite pellets with H2-CO-CO2 and H2-CO2 gas mixtures was examined. The gas composition was such that the reduction was possible to take place not with CO-CO2 but only with H2. In the calculation, the parameters included in the model were modified depending on the gas composition by using the method proposed in the previous paper.
The following results were obtained;
1) The reduction curves calculated by the model agreed well with the observed data except the case of lower H2 concentration.
2) The effect of the water-gas shift reaction was not so significant on the reduction curves, but it was remarkable on the mass transfer rate of each component of gas mixture.
3) Depending on the reduction condition, especially at higher H2 concentration, CO/CO2 ratio in the pellet increased because of the water-gas shift reaction. As a result, the reduction of wustite with CO took place instead of the oxidation of reduced iron with CO2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1143K) -
井口 学, 谷 潤一, 植村 知正1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2106-2113
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーVelocity and turbulence around a sphere made of synthetic resin submerged in water and bubbling jets in a cylindrical vessel with bottom blowing were measured by making use of LDV. The melting process of an ice sphere was recorded by video camera. The local Nusselt number Nuθ of the ice sphere was determined from the initial change of the local radius. The mean Nusselt number Nu was calculated from Nuθ by numerical integration over the surface of the sphere. The effects of velocity and turbulence intensity on Nuθ and Nu were investigated. An empirical expression for Nu was proposed as a function of Reynolds number and turbulence intensity. A method of predicting the complete melting time of an ice sphere was presented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1208K) -
孫 海平, 篠崎 信也, 森 克巳, 川合 保治1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2114-2121
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーReduction rate of TiO2 in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 slags by carbon dissolved in iron melts was investigated at 1 350°C 1 600°C under argon atmosphere. It was found that the reduction of TiO2 proceeded simultaneusly with the reduction of SiO2 and was promoted by the addition of silicon to the initial iron melts. For acid slags, the reduction rate of TiO2 decreased with inceasing ratio of CaO/SiO2, whereas it slightly increased for slags with CaO/SiO2>1.
The kinetic analysis on the basis of the two film theory showed that the overall rate of transfer of Ti from slag to metal phases was controlled by the rate of chemical reactions at the interface for cases without silicon addition, but it was found that the resistance to transfer of TiO2 in the diffusion boundary layer at slag could not be neglected when some amount of silicon was added to the metal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2918K) -
高輪 武志, 井上 純, 山村 春夫1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2122-2129
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーFor the computer control of steelmaking process in electric arc furnace, a simplified mathematical model suitable for online application has been developed on the following procedure.
(1) An equation for judging the meltdown of scrap accurately by monitoring the position of electrodes and the furnace wall temperature throughout the melting stage has been developed.
(2) Equations for estimating decarburization and temperature increase in consideration of the decarburizing characteristics in oxygen blowing period, and equations for estimating molten steel temperature change and composition change in the period of temperature adjustment and tapping on the basis of heat and material balances have been developed.
(3) Based on these equations in the refining stage, the authors have developed control models calculating the amount of blown oxygen, electric power and ferroalloys requisite for the operation.
At EAF shop in Osaka Steel Works, the models are in use for the computer control and contribute to the reduction of power consumption and so on.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1202K) -
高輪 武志, 高本 勉, 友野 宏, 多田 健一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2130-2136
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーFor the improvement of surface quality of continuously cast steel, an analysis model taking into consideration of steel casting has been developed on the following procedure in order to explain initial solidification phenomenon in the vicinity of meniscus.
(1) A calculation method of temperature distribution has been worked out, assuming that a small quantity of new molten steel flows into mold intermittently and solidified shell and molten steel are casted vertically to the horizontal direction.
(2) Direct difference method using inner nodal point is applied to the numerical calculation of heat transfer equation so that the movement of molten steel due to casting can be easily dealt with, and four kinds of equations are made according to the boundary condition as the fundamental equations in divided mesh.
By using this model, it becomes possible to estimate the temperature distribution in steady-state under casting. In this study, the solidified shell, slag rim shape and the temperature distribution in mold area in the case of using the ordinary copper mold are estimated. Furthermore the adiabatic effect in the case of using mild cooling mold containing refractory is evaluated quantitatively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (979K) -
益居 健, 渡辺 清治, 長野 博文, 五十嵐 靖和1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2137-2144
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーRecently, the demand of customers for the flatness of cold strip becomes more and more strict. Therefore the effective shape correction device has been desired in a shear line for replacement of a conventional roller leveller.
Introducing tension leveller on the upstream of a shear line is probably a reliable answer, but its investment cost is large and extra space is necessary.
To solve this problem a new type of compact combination leveller was designed based on the theoretical analysis and experiments.
This consisted of non-drive stretch leveller, main leveller and double pinch rolls. Then it was introduced in a shear line. Using this combination leveller, the strip is elongated by repeated bending under superposed tension of pay off reel tension and idle leveller drawing force. Friction force of main leveller and pinch rolls causes this drawing force. The strip of satisfactory flatness almost the same as that by tension leveller can be obtained.
This new shear line was first constructed in 1986 and has been working successfully. Now the same type combination levellers are under designing and construction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8316K) -
鳥阪 泰憲, 加藤 正人, 宮川 松男1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2145-2152
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the Gatorizing process, extrusion is needed to obtain a fine recrystallized structure. Because of the bottle-neck of the extrusion, however, a largesized disks have not yet been formed. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a new work processing excluding extrusion and applicable to form large disks. In the present study, it was discussed whether the application of superplastic warm-die and pack forging to Ni-base superalloy Mod. IN-100 atomized powder is appropriate or not. Namely, billets, which were a cylindrical case made of carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel and packed with the powder, were heated to 1 100°C and then superplastically forged at a strain rate of 1.8 × 10 -2 s -1 using dies made of Inconel 713C and pre-heated at about 600°C. A desirable forming was performed using a thick walled case made of austenitic stainless steel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5481K) -
鎌田 芳彦, 蔵保 浩文, 渡辺 征一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2153-2160
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2010/05/07
ジャーナル フリー直接焼入プロセスにおけるBの焼入性向上効果を検討するため,Nb量および圧延仕上温度を変えることによりγの再結晶挙動とBの粒界偏析の観点から考察し,NbTiB鋼とTiB鋼の焼入性の差を明らかとした.
(1)直接焼入プロセスにおけるボロン鋼の焼入性は,Nbと共存すると低温γ域まで安定した高い焼入性を発揮する.これはNbの再結晶抑制効果により界面の移動が止められ,γ粒界面および圧延加工により導入された変形帯へ継続してボロンの偏析を可能とするためである.
(2)直接焼入プロセスにおいてボロンの焼入性向上効果は仕上温度における固溶Bにて評価してよく,約10ppm付近に最適の焼入性発揮領域が存在する.
(3)上記の結果は固溶B3～5ppmで最大の焼入性向上効果を示すSIMCOEらの結果を否定するものではなく,直接焼入プロセスでは非平衡論的な取扱いとなるためγ粒界,変形帯に偏析する固溶Bの他,粒内に残される固溶Bをさらに加味する必要性があることを意味する.
(4)再結晶抑制効果を有す微量添加元素を持たない成分系での直接焼入プロセスでBの焼入性向上効果を活用するには,Bの粒界偏析量を最大にするためBの拡散速度を速め偏析させる界面積を減少させかつ短時間で再結晶粒の粒成長が停止する高温仕上げが有効である.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5284K) -
由利 哲美, 長井 寿, 石川 圭介1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2161-2168
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of cold-rolling on strength and toughness at 4K were investigated for a high manganese steel, 32Mn-7Cr steel. The yield strength at 4K was 1118MPa for the unrolled steel and was increased to 1379MPa and 1786MPa for the 20 and 40% cold-rolled steels, respectively. However, the elongation and the reduction of area were decreased with an increase in reduction ratio. Especially, the elongation was significantly decreased. The Charpy absorbed energy and the fracture toughness were also decreased markedly. The decrease in toughness by cold-rolling was due to the formation of subcrack and "flat brittle facet" in the fractured surface. The subcrack was caused by intergranular failure, and the flat brittle facet is believed to be produced mainly by intergranular failure and partly by twin boundary failure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4844K) -
岡 勉, 前 義治, 岸 輝雄1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2169-2176
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of microstructure on fracture toughness of near α titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo was investigated by Acoustic Emission three dimensional location, Acoustic Emission source characterization and fractography method. The fracture toughness of alloy with acicular α structure was superior to that of alloy with equiaxed α structure at the same yield strength level. It was considered that the result was based on the number of large amplitude Acoustic Emission events prior to KIC and on the deflection of the crack path. The large amplitude Acoustic Emission events coresponded to microcracks of 50-80μm which nucleated at the pre-fatigue crack tip along crack front in both structures. Macroscopic crack growth occured where these microcracks coalesced in the direction to specimen thickness. These microcracks lower the stress concentration at the crack tip. Thus it was concluded that microcrackings enhanced the fracture toughness of titanium alloy with acicular α structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6038K) -
和中 宏樹, 木村 達巳, 下村 順一, 上田 修三, 佐藤 守, 藤井 兼榮1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2177-2184
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーThe metallurgical structure and wear resistance of TiN film formed on 1%C-5%Cr roll steel specimens by Ti vapor deposition with N ions implantation were studied. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) The color of film varies depending on the evaporation rate of Ti and the electric current density of N ions. 2) The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) investigation detected TiN in the golden film and metallic Ti and TiO2 in the silver film. 3) Measurements using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray indicated that the concentration of Ti and Fe varies over the distance of a few hundred nm in the boundary zone between the base metal and the coated film. 4) The adhesion of golden film is better than that of silver one. 5) The two-cylinder-type wear resistance test results showed that the golden TiN film significantly improves wear resistance of 1%C-5%Cr roll steel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3066K) -
倉田 有司, 小川 豊, 中島 甫1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2185-2192
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーCreep tests were conducted on Ni-base heat-resistant alloys Hastelloy XR and XR-II, i. e. versions of Hastelloy X modified for nuclear applications, at 950°C using four types of helium environment with different impurity compositions, and mainly the effect of carburization was examined.
For all the materials tested, the values of creep rupture time obtained under the carburizing conditions were similar to or longer than those in the commonly used, standard test environment (JAERI Type B helium). The difference among the results was interpreted by the counterbalancing effects of the strengthening due to carburization and possible weakening caused under very low oxidizing potential. In the corrosion monitoring specimens pronounced carbon pick-up was observed in the environment with high carbon activity and very low oxidizing potential. Based on the results obtained in the present and the previous works, it is suggested that a moderate control of the impurity chemistry is important rather than simple purification of the coolant in protecting the material from the environment-enhanced degradation. Either condition with high or low extremes in the oxidizing and carburizing potentials may cause enhanced degradation and thus are desirable to be avoided at the elevated temperatures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1206K) -
大野 丈博, 渡辺 力蔵, 田中 紘一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2193-2200
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーA new nickle-base single crystal superslloy was developed by applying an "alloy designing" method, which was originated by Watanabe and improved by a group of the National Research Institute of Metals (NRIM). The typical composition range was 6-7 %Cr, 5-6 %Al, 5-8 %W, 5-8 %Ta and 4-6 %Mo (mass%). This alloy had more stable microstructure and higher creep rupture strength than single crystal superalloys so far developed. The basic flow of the designing was as follows. First, the composition of γ and γ' phases and the volume fraction of γ'phase were determined according to the NRIM scheme varying the combination of molar percentages of tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum included in γ' phase. Second, the most desirable combination of γ and γ' couples were selected to maximize the summed values of γ and γ' lattice constants and minimize the misfit between γ and γ' phases. Third, the stability of γ phase during solution heat treatment was assesed by introducing a new parameter of "Solubility Limit Index", whose value was defined by the solubility of included elements into nickel matrix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4734K) -
阿部 隆, 束田 幸四郎, 田川 寿俊, 小指 軍夫1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2201-2208
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーAuger electron microscopic analyses were performed to clarify the grain boundary segregation behavior of phosphorus and carbon in the austenitic region of steel. Grain boundary migration during grain growth and recrystallization gave rise to non-equilibrium segregation which resulted in a higher solute concentration on grain boundaries than that of equilibrium segregation. The increment of segregation caused by migration depended on the boundary migration velocity. Faster migration brought about greater concentrations for velocities less than a critical value, which depended on the diffusivity of solute. In recrystallization, faster diffusing elements such as carbon segregated with higher concentrations. It was suggested that the solute sweep effect during grain boundary migration caused the non-equilibrium segregation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5275K) -
深井 潤, 橋田 俊之, 鈴木 和哉, 三浦 隆利, 大谷 茂盛, 森田 一樹, 佐野 信雄1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2209-2214
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1006K) -
佐々木 良一1988 年 74 巻 11 号 p. 2221-2222
発行日: 1988/11/01
公開日: 2009/05/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (403K)
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