In this study, the term, environmental waterfront facilities means those that port administrators, reclamation developers and the local governments separately or jointly construct to create a water-friendly amenity in the port area.
Since the 1950s, most of the original coastlines of Tokyo bay have been lost by the vast reclamation for the seaside industrial factories and port facilities. As a result, from the latter half of the 1970s, the port administrators of Chiba, Tokyo, Kawasaki, Yokohama etc. have made their own planning to improve waterfront environmental conditions in amenity terms. In a separate paper, as a case study on Wakasu Seaside Park in Tokyo port, the author analyzed the formation process of parks and open spaces in Wakasu Seaside Park. The study found that the historical accumulation of main facilities, which started from open spaces and evolved into commercial conventional facilities such as Wakasu Golf Links in this park, through the construction of sport facilities, restoration facilities of natural environment and waterfront recreational facilities. These contents of facilities in this park show multilayer structure. This structure can be applied to the formation process of the whole parks and open spaces in Tokyo port. The present study shows that this structure can be seen in other environmental waterfront facilities in ports of Tokyo bay.
The present study reached the following conclusion. In the ports of Tokyo bay, since the 1970s, with the construction of open spaces and sport facilities, the environmentally friendly waterfront facilities have been created. In the latter half of the 1970s, the restoration facilities of natural environment started to emerge, and from the 1980s to the 1990s, the construction of waterfront recreational facilities and commercial conventional facilities has been carried out. Now, these various kinds of facilities are coexisting. However, these areas can be divided into two groups according to the main nature of the environmental waterfront facilities which they accommodate. One is the ports of Tokyo and Chiba, and the other is the ports of Kawasaki and Yokohama. The hinterland of Tokyo-Chiba group is composed of more than two local governments; on the other hand, the port administration of Kawasaki-Yokohama group works under their respective local government. Therefore, the formation processes of environmental waterfront facilities in the two are different, reflecting the characteristics of each hinterland.

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Most migration studies have been done under the premise that individuals migrate of their own freewill. In recent years, however, some researchers insist that various “systems” promote or restrain the migration of jobseekers.
In this paper, we researched some cases in migration for the employment of female high school graduates where methodical recruiting systems have played a very important role and have caused massive migration as a result.
We examined two kinds of occupations, spinning mill workers and assistant nurses, in the Chukyo metropolitan area that includes Nagoya and Gifu. We found that female workers in these occupations quit after a relatively short term and that the employers wanted to continue to keep finding new workers in both occupations. They provide incentive systems where female workers can work and study at junior colleges and other educational institutions. In Southwest Kyushu, a peripheral region in Japan, we also found that there were not enough local jobs for female high school graduates seeking jobs and that the ratio of students going on to higher education was also low because their incomes were not as high there.
We discovered that because of the satisfaction of both interests, those in the Chukyo metropolitan area and those in Southwest Kyushu, many female high school graduates seeking work in Southwest Kyushu were employed in these two kinds of occupations in the Chukyo metropolitan area since the 1980s. Furthermore, the recruiting systems of these occupations in the Chukyo metropolitan area are highly methodical. The people in charge of employment for both occupations who conduct recruiting activities in Southwest Kyushu have also maintained strong personal relations with the guidance-counseling teachers at high schools in Southwest Kyushu. Therefore the number of migrants from Southwest Kyushu to the Chukyo metropolitan area for both occupations is maintained at a relatively high level, in contrast with the general trend of the number of migrants from all peripheral regions to the three largest metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Chukyo, and Hanshin metropolitan area), for the employment of female high school graduates.
We found that the ratio of migrants to the Chukyo metropolitan area was the highest among all migrants for the employment of female high school graduates from Southwest Kyushu in the three largest metropolitan areas, although the ratio of migrants to the Tokyo metropolitan area was generally the highest among all the migrants from Southwest Kyushu and the other peripheral regions to the three largest metropolitan areas in Japan. This phenomenon is one example in which the “systems” affected macroscopic migration patterns.

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