This study examined the structure of the Sengoku period castle-town in Kuroiwa, Tosa province, by referring to the spatial data recorded in
Chôsokabe Cadastral Books. In conducting these analyses, I investigated the land tenure areas, which belonged to the entitled members in the market town and the retainers, in the territory of local lords (
kokujin) and then examined by the attributes of homesteads. In addition, in examining the structure of land tenure which belonged to the retainers in Kuroiwa Castle-Town, I noted the attributes of land tenure areas which belong to the retainers and small hamlets in the territory of
kokujin.
These examinations revealed the following. With regard to the structure of market town, the homesteads of the entitled members in the market town who were engaged only in commerce and those who were engaged in both commerce and agriculture were partially concentrated, and groups of these two types were dispersed each other in the market town. For the structure of retainer homesteads, the homestead of a highest-ranking retainer was adjacent to the guarded homestead (
doi) that was smaller than castles.
Regarding the structure of retainer land tenure in Kuroiwa Castle-Town,
Ukon Kataoka, who was a highest-ranking retainer, had land tenure in fifteen small hamlets, including a small hamlet named Yamamoto, with his largest percentage of land tenure. The percentage of land tenure in Kuroiwa, a small hamlet, was just 6.7 percent of his land tenure. In contrast, fifth-rated retainers had land tenure in one to three small hamlets, and the small hamlet Kuroiwa's percentage ranged from 49.2 to 100 percent of their land tenure.
It is conceivable that the entitled members in the market town who owned cultivated land spanning across more than 10,932 m
2 (
1chô) could accumulate cultivated land due to their prosperous commercial activities. The reason the homestead of a highest-ranking retainer was adjacent to the guarded homestead (
doi) was probably that
Chôsokabe became more powerful as feudal lords. This increase in his power can be seen from land surveys in the level of feudal lord area and castle abandonments after
Chôsokabe had become subject to the reign of
Hideyoshi Toyotomi.
Kataoka, a
kokujin, increased his power in the local lord's territory along with
Chôsokabe's increase of power.
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