In the western part of Ibaraki prefecture, there is a slender zone of paddy fields which is located in between Mitsukaido City and Sanwa Town. It is called ‘Iinuma-Shinden’. This zone had been a shallow lake until 1725 (the 10th Year of Kyoho). The lake was reclaimed by Tokugawa Shogunate which accepted the villagers' petition of the reclamation.
The writer has studied this zone, and clarified where the former lacustrine shoreline was existed (Figs. 4, 8, etc.). The data for deciding upon the shoreline are as follows; a) the large scale maps published after 1965 (Figs. 8, 9, etc.), b) the map of district baundaries of former towns and villages in this zone (Fig. 6.), and c) the old map of this zone made in 1724 (Figs. 1, 7, etc.).
From these data, the writer has estimated the surface level of the former lake was 10.7 meter in height and made clear that the farmers' settlements were distributed around the paddy fields made by reclamation. Furthermore, the writer has clarified that the place of their settlements was on the topset flat of the former delta (of the “lake days”), and consisted of soft silt and sand from 20 to 40 meter thick.

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In Japan, there are many big manufacturers which establish their own local sales companies by prefectures or provinces. The manufacturers have constructed mass production systems after the Second World War. At the same time, they have organized their exclusive marketing networks on the national scale as systems of mass sales corresponding with those of mass production. Local sales companies of manufacturers have been established for construction of such networks as well as manufacturers' branch offices.
Local sales companies of manufacturers (abbreviated as LSCMs) are obligated to increase their shares within their territories which are set by their parent companies. Many of LSCMs locate several establishments as selling bases in order to attain the above obligation.
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain both the locations and market areas of the above establishments in Miyagi prefecture. A survey was conducted to 52 LSCMs during from March to August in 1983. Through mail, those companies were requested to indicate the following items; the location and market area of each establishment, the year of locating each establishment, and the main factors relating to disposition of establishment. The data were presented by 33 LSCMs.
The findings are summarized as follows:
1) Most of LSCMs in Miyagi prefecture are established as sales companies only for the prefecture. This fact indicate that many big manufacturers tend to establish one LSCM for one prefecture. In addition, head offices of LSCMs are located in the Sendai city, the capital of both Miyagi prefecture and Tohoku province.
2) When LSCMs dicide to locate a branch establishment, they set a market area for the branch and, in turn, choose the site of location. On the other hand, both the volume of demand and spatially selling efficiency are crucial factors in setting of the area. Furthermore, real divisions of LSCMs' territories into market areas of establishments coincide with the traditional and nodal regionalization within the prefecture. According to those facts, it can be said that the above regionalization is proper areal divisions in terms of marketing activities; this is the reason for LSCMs to set market areas of establishments on such regionalization.

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Relationship between the areal distribution of SO₂ pollutant and local wind flow pattern in South-Kanto district was analyzed in this paper.
The results of Factor-Analysis on interdiurnal variation of 20km² mesh mean daily maximum concentrations show there are three distribution patterns regarding highly polluted area, that is, all over-high, south-high/north-low, and north-high/south-low.
Major local winds determining the highly polluted area are sea breeze from Tokyo Bay, southerly wind from Sagami Bay, easterly wind from Kashima Sea, and northerly wind from northern-western mountain area. When higher concentrations are observed all over area, sea breeze from Tokyo Bay prevails in the morning, and southerly wind from Sagami Bay penetrates to the north area in the afternoon. Under such a condition, higher concentrations are observed at southern area in the morning where pollutants discharged from the coast of Tokyo Bay transported with sea breeze from Tokyo Bay, and concentrations at northern area become higher in the afternoon where pollutants are transported with southerly wind from Sagami Bay. In the case of south-high/north-low, northerly wind from northern-western mountain area and easterly wind from Kashima Sea prevail throughout the day, and concentrations at southern area leeward of emission sources around Tokyo Bay become higher. In the case of north-high/south-low, southerly wind from Sagami Bay penetrates to the inland in the daytime, and higher concentrations are observed at northern area leeward of emission sources.

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