日本學士院紀要
Online ISSN : 2424-1903
Print ISSN : 0388-0036
ISSN-L : 0388-0036
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76 巻, 1 号
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論文
  • 後鳥羽院の『時代不同歌合』と藤原定家の『百人秀歌』
    久保田 淳
    2021 年 76 巻 1 号 p. 1-19
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/11/20
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/tja.76.1_1
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　The widely-held notion that Hyakunin isshu (“One Poem Each by One Hundred Poets,” also Ogura hyakunin isshu) represented an anthology of waka poems chosen by Fujiwara no Teika for their particular excellence—until then almost an axiom—was shaken in the early 1950s by the discovery of another collection of outstanding poems called Hyakunin shūka (“Poems of Excellence by One Hundred Poets”).
    　Hyakunin isshu is a miniature anthology containing 100 waka poems of excellence by one hundred different poets, beginning with works by Emperor Tenji and Empress Jitō and ending with works by Go-toba and Juntoku, two retired emperors condemned to exile on remote islands after the Jōkyū Disturbance. In the work Hyakunin shūka, by contrast, these final poems by the two retired emperors are missing, with works by the Ichijōin Empress and two others in their place for a total of 101 poems in all. Various theories have been advanced to explain this difference: one theory sees Hyakunin shūka as likely an earlier, draft version of Hyakunin isshu; another theory—assigning with high confidence the compilation of Hyakunin shūka to Teika himself—ascribes the replacement and reordering of poets and poems within Hyakunin isshu instead to Tameie, Teika's son. As such, the identity of Hyakunin isshu's compiler remains, even today, a problem not yet unambiguously resolved. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
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  • 「相対する二体のケルビム」
    ──ルターの解釈原則「聖書は自らの解釈者」の成立とそのテクスト解釈学的内実について
    松浦 純
    2021 年 76 巻 1 号 p. 21-53
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/11/20
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/tja.76.1_21
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　Sola Scriptura, one of the “principles” of Protestantism, was first asserted clearly by Martin Luther in his Assertio omnium articulorum M. Lutheri per Bullam Leonis X. nouissimam damnatorum (1520), the reassertion of all the 41 articles collected from his writings since 1517 and condemned by the papal bull Exsurge Domine. The bull demanded that he revoke them within a set term, and menaced with excommunication, arrest and penal transport to Rome, along with his followers and protectors, in case of refusal. It was a plain act of power evoking the fire and faggot of the Bohemian reformer Jan Hus only a century earlier. As Bulla contra errores Lutheri et sequacium, however, it was at the same time an act of theological authority; from the very outset of the controversy Luther's opponents focused likewise on the issue of obedience allegedly due to the papal authority.
    　In this context the Reformer states at the beginning: he is not ready to be compelled by the authority of a “Father however holy” unless he is approved by Scripture. — The principle that the ultimate authority for theological questions is the Holy Scripture alone, was originally asserted against the actual threatening by the papal authority and power. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
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  • 利益衡量・比例原則の新たな広がりと課題
    ──日仏の比較検討
    瀬川 信久
    2021 年 76 巻 1 号 p. 55-78
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/11/20
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/tja.76.1_55
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Introduction
     　Le raisonnement classique du jugement est le syllogisme juridique. Il consiste à appliquer à une situation de fait, une règle de droit, dont la plupart sont établies par l'assemblée. Mais depuis quelques décennies, la mise en balance des intérêts et la proportionnalité repoussent le syllogisme comme forme du jugement. Cette étude a pour but de proposer un aperçu de cette évolution contemporaine en droit français et d'en extraire quelques suggestions pour le droit japonais.

    Ⅰ. La situation du droit français
     　En France, l'histoire de la balance des intérêts et de la proportionnalité diffère en fonction des divers domaines juridiques.
    (1) Dans le droit administratif, la proportionnalité a une histoire relativement longue et évolutive. La compétence administrative a été dotée de la justice déléguée au début de la 3e République, et les juges administratifs, ceux du Conseil d'État inclus, disposaient ainsi du pouvoir leur permettant de constater des faits et de les qualifier. D'autre part, comme le code du droit administratif n'existait pas, le juge administratif était obligé de créer les règles jurisprudentielles sous forme de principes généraux du droit.(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
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  • 日本資本主義の多重危機
    伊藤 誠
    2021 年 76 巻 1 号 p. 79-99
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/11/20
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/tja.76.1_79
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　Japanese capitalism has formed a vicious circle among multiple socio-economic crises under neoliberalism. This paper reexamines the historical origin of these crises, their structural relations, and identify their core, fundamental issues. It will be shown also how three different types of natural disasters also deepen socio-economic crises, thereby endangering the metabolic reproduction of human lives and nature. How can we overcome such an age of deep crises? More than ever, it is indispensable to reconsider the historical significance and task of transforming neoliberal capitalism in the world and in Japan.
    (1) Six multiple crises in a structural, vicious circle
    　The inflationary crisis of 1973-75 initiated a long downturn of Japanese capitalism. In addition to the excessive supply of currencies and credit in the process of transition from the Bretton Woods international monetary system to the floating exchange rates system, over-accumulation of industrial capital in relation to the limitation of flexible supply of both labor power within major capitalist economies and primary products such as crude oil in the world market inevitably caused sharp rises in wages and prices of primary products and squeezed profit rates as a fundamental factor behind the crisis. In this regard the inflationary crisis revealed anew the basic contradiction of capitalist economy in the commodification of labor power, together with the instability of credit mechanisms. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
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