The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
Online ISSN : 1349-3329
Print ISSN : 0040-8727
ISSN-L : 0040-8727
Volume 133, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
  • SHOZO NAKAMURA, SADAO TAKASE, KATSUYA ITAHARA, MASAYOSHI OGATA, SHIRO ...
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 121-128
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    NAKAMURA, S., TAKASE, S., ITAHARA, K., OGATA, M, and SHIGETA, S. Cytological and Immunological Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid in 9 Patients with Ramsay Hunt's Syndrome. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 121-128-The purpose of the present study was to carry out the immunological and cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid in 9 patients with Ramsay Hunt's syndrome. The results obtained were as follows: Among the serum immunoglobulins, IgG in 1 and IgM in 5 of 9 cases increased. The Varicella Zoster antibody titer was significantly elevated in sera of all 9 cases and in CSF of all 7 examined cases. There was positive fluorescence to Varicella Zoster virus in 2 (Cases 8 and 9) of 4 cases in which CSF smears were examined. The cells showing fluorescence were 10.5% in the former and 1.5% in the latter. Pleocytosis was found in all cases and CSF cell counts ranged from 52 to 2, 000/3mm3 in the early stage. In 3 cases immunoglobulin containing cells (IgG and IgM) were seen about 2-20% within 2 weeks of onset. IgG contents in all and IgG% in 8 of 9 cases, IgA concentration in 7 and IgA% in 7 of 9 cases were increased. These results support the view that the Varicella Zoster virus spreads to the meninges and CSF from ganglions in patients with Ramsay Hunt's syndromes.
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  • TAKEO TAKAHASHI, YASUO TSUKAHARA, SATORU KANEDA
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 129-137
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    TAKAHASHI, T., TSUKAHARA, Y. and KANEDA, S. Influence of Pattern and Red Color on the Photoconvulsive Response and the Photic Driving. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 129-137-Patients, 232 epileptics and 98 non-epileptics, were examined for photoconvulsive responses and photic drivings, by using a stroboscope with a) a printed pattern (dots or grating) and b) a red plastic plate. The stimuli given were (1) dot pattern 5Hz IPS, (2) red 5Hz IPS, (3) grating pattern 15Hz IPS, and (4) red 15Hz IPS, with eyes open. Photoconvulsive responses evoked by (3) and (4) were 6.6% and 5.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those obtained from a control group flickered with ordinary white light, 15Hz IPS, (1.1% and 0.9%, with eyes open and closed, respectively). High amplitude photic driving over 50μV evoked by (1) occurred in 34.9% of the patients and by (2) 22.7%; these were significantly higher than in the control group with ordinary white flicker (12.5% and 5.2%). Similar stimuli of (1) to (4) with a constant brightness of 20cd/m2 provided by a visual stimulator SLS-5100 were given in the same way. Photoconvulsive response evoked by 15Hz flickering grating pattern occurred in 7.8% and by 15Hz red flicker in 8.1 %; the rate being slightly higher than, but not significantly different from, the bove results. High amplitude photic drivings evoked by 5Hz flickering dot pattern and 5Hz red flicker were 29.3% and 21.2%, respectively. These values were slightly lower than, but not significantly different from, the above results. It was concluded that the flicker stimulation with either pattern or red color is more potent in eliciting photoconvulsive responses (15Hz) and photic driving responses (5Hz) than conventional flicker. Furthermore, patterned IPS and red IPS showed almost the same activation effect on photoconvulsive responses and high amplitude photic drivings as that of the comparable stimuli provided by a visual stimulator SLS-5100.
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  • MASAHIRO MAKI, KENJI SOGA
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 139-143
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    MAKI, M. and SOGA, K. Possible Role of Prekallikrein in the Mechanism of Labor. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 139-143-From the standpoint of labor mechanism, behavior of prekallikrein, a kinin-forming enzyme, during pregnancy and labor has been of great importance. Plasma prekallikrein determined by synthetic chromogenic tripeptide substrate was increased with advancing gestational ages, reaching approximately 200% of normal. When labor started, it decreased rapidly to 70%, then returned gradually to the normal level after delivery. Prekallikrein and kininogen are only two plasma proteins which change so markedly during labor among many plasma proteins. Role of prekallikrein in the mechanism of labor is presumptively as follows: (1) Prekallikrein is converted to kallikrein resulting in its consumption and decrease. (2) Kallikrein contributes to uterine contraction by liberating kinin from kininogen.
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  • KAZUKI KONISHI, SUMIO ARAI, TAMOTSU TAKISHIMA
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 145-154
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    KONISHI, K., ARAI, S. and TAKISHIMA, T. Role of Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Budgerigar Breeder's Lung. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 145-154-Eight subjects who possessed precipitating antibodies against budgerigar serum and budgerigar dropping extracts were investigated for the reactivity of their lymphocytes to the antigen. Lymphocytes from the five symptomatic breeders were significantly stimulated by budgerigar serum, but lymphocytes from the three asymptomatic breeders were not stimulated by this antigen, even though both groups showed precipitating antibodies. To investigate the participation of the T-cell response against budgerigar serum, the peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated into T-cells. B-cells and monocytes. Only the T-cells responded to the antigen when the monocytes were present. We concluded from these studies that the T-cell-mediated immune response together with a significant contribution from the monocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bird breeder's lung.
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  • SHIGERU ASAKI, SHUICHI IWAI, MICHINORI SATO, TOSHIAKI NISHIMURA, SATOR ...
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 155-165
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    ASAKI, S., IWAI. S., SATO, M., NISHIMURA, T., SHIBUKI, S., MASUDA, Y, and GOTO, Y. Modeling of Digestive Tract Lesions Using Silicone Rubber RTV (KE-12). Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 155-165-In order to produce life-size models of digestive tract lesions, we applied silicone rubber RTV (KE-12) over the surface of the resected fresh, half-fixed or completely-fixed specimens to achieve their impressions. Into these impressions, super-hard plaster, acrylics and lysine base were separately poured, with the resultant casts realizing faithful replicas of the original patterns, finely reproducing their mucosal micro-structures. A photofluorogram of the silicone rubber pattern taken by using softex could reveal roentgenographic micromucosal features on a single plane. Clinically, endoscopic casting of lesions in similar procedures could produce their models, providing data available for estimation of the size and depth of an ulcer. Our method would be of help in dynamical pursuit of digestive tract lesions, as well as for comparison of the vital realities of lesions and their histopathological findings. The method may further contribute to reducing the dosage of x-ray bombardment in gastric fluoroscopy.
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  • TAKAHIRO YAMAGUCHI, TADAHIKO HOSHINO, HIDEO TAMATE
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 167-174
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    YAMAGUCHT, T., HOSHINO, T. and TAMATE, H. A Comparative Histochemical Study on Alkaline Phosphatase of the Anterior Pituitary Gland in Various Mammals. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 167-174-Alkaline phosphatase was histochemically studied in the anterior pituitary gland of mammals. By the azo dye method, the enzymatic activity was observed on the cell membrane, and in the cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus of the glandular cells in the swine, dog and guinea pig, while it was found on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of the glandular cells in the cattle, sheep and rabbit but only in the cytoplasm of the glandular cells in the hamster, rat and mouse. By the lead citrate method, the enzymatic activity in the glandular cells decreased in all the mammals examined, and was hardly found in the hamster, rat and mouse. It was shown that the localization of alkaline phosphatase activity by the lead citrate method is finer than that by the azo dye method in the anterior pituitary gland. In the swine and dog, the cells with the enzymatic activity were found throughout the gland though they mainly concentrated in the zona tuberalis. In the castrated males, the enzymatic activity was stronger than that in the males and females, and the cells with the activity increased in number. From these results, these cells in the two species studied were regarded as gonadotrophs. Furthermore, it was suggested that the alkaline phosphatase in the glandular cells of the gland displays a high activity in active stage of the synthesis and/or release of gonadotrophic hormone, and have some connection with the regulatory mechanism of membrane permeability.
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  • RYOJI MINAMI, FUKUMI NAKAMURA, KAZUHIKO OYANAGI, TOORU NAKAO
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 175-185
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    MINAMI, R., NAKAMURA, F., OYANAGI, K, and NAKAO, T. Hexosaminidase C in Brain Affected by Tay-Sachs Disease. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 175-185-Hexosaminidase (Hex) C could be detected in human brains by DEAE cellulose column chromatography, when N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity was determined at pH 5.5. In the chromatographic pattern, the peak of Hex C was always higher than that of Hex A in control prenatal brains and conversely lower in postnatal brains. Hex C was not detected in the brains obtained from two cases of Tay-Sachs disease. In addition, the content of Hex C in the brains of two other Tay-Sachs cases was lower than that of the control. The observation suggests that the absence or reduction of Hex C may have some relation with biochemical defects in Tay-Sachs disease, although Hex C does not share common subunit structures with Hex A and the role of Hex C with respect to GM2-ganglioside degradation remains unknown yet.
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  • MASARU YOKOYAMA, YUJI KUDO, YUICHI SATO, YUKIO IZUMI, YUZO OHBA, TAKAO ...
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 187-196
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    YOKOYAMA, M., KUDO, Y., SATO, Y., IZUMI, Y., OHBA, Y, and MIYAJI, T. Clinical Features and Biochemical Aspects of Red Blood Cells in Hb Hirosaki. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 187-196 Hb Hirosaki is a new unstable variant in which CE 1 phenylalanine of α-chain is substituted by leucine. Seven patients with hemolytic anemia were found in one family and Hb Hirosaki was detected in four of them. In clinical feature some differences of severity were observed between child and adult patients. The child cases showed relatively severe symptoms with repeated hemolytic crises and drug sensitivity. Otherwise most of adult cases had only mild hemolytic process throughout their past life. The variety of clinical severity suggests that the expression of abnormal gene may be various in this disorder. The mode of inheritance seemed to be autosomal dominant and all the cases in this report were heterozygous state. Macrocytic and hypochromic anemia was characteristic in most cases and red blood cells containing Heinz bodies were dominant in peripheral blood from the splenectomized patients. Accelerated glycolysis and enhanced ATPase activity were outstanding features in the metabolism of erythrocyte in this disorder. The instability of reduced glutathione was also found in three of five cases.
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  • KOJI NAKAZAWA, KATSUMI MURATA
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 197-204
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    NAKAZAWA, K. and MURATA, K. Epidemiological Study of Serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Respect to Risk Factors against Ischemic Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 197-204-The aim of the present study was to elucidate the change of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO) in healthy individuals of 111 males and 162 females in relation to risk factors against ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. A formula, (total cholesterol-HDL•CHO)/total cholesterol, was used as a risk factor index (RFI). The following data were obtained concerning serum HDL• CHO, total cholesterol and triglyceride, and other risk factors. A significant decrease in HDL•CHO was related to the RFI. With the increase of RFI, significant increases were found to various extents in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, obesity index, blood sugar level, serum uric acid and the number of erythrocytes. The significant relations of these risk factors to RFI were discussed.
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  • YOSHIHARU SAITO, SHUZO TAKAHASHI, MASAHIRO MAKI
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 205-220
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    SAITO, Y., TAKAHASHI, S. and MAKI, M. Effects of Some Drugs on Ripening of Uterine Cervix in Nonpregnant Castrated and Pregnant Rats. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 205-220-The stimulating effect of some drugs on the ripening of the uterine cervix in rats was studied by measuring the wet weight of the uterine cervix and by both light and electron microscopy in nonpregnant castrated and pregnant conditions. Since the light and electron microscopic findings after estrogen (E) administration to castrated rats were similar to those found in the uterine cervix of rats at the end of pregnancy, it was concluded that E (E2≥E3>E1) plays a major role in the ripening mechanism. It was also found that DHA-S, progesterone and relaxin had stimulating effects on cervical ripening. Oxytocin and PG (PGE2>PGF) showed the ripening activity only in pregnant condition. Moreover, oxytocin, PGE2 and PGF potentiated the estrogen action. The effects on the increase in wet weight of the uterine cervix and microscopic findings due to DHA-S were different from E in castrated rats. It is therefore postulated that the effect of DHA-S might be mainly due to the secondary increase in E converted from DHA-S in the ovary and, in addition, to a direct effect of this medicament on the uterine cervix. There was essentially no difference in ultrastructure between the cervix of control (nonpregnant, castrated or pregnant) rats and that of rats treated with HCG, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, dihydroergotoxine, diazepam or n-butylscopolammonium bromide.
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  • TOMOHARU AKIBA, TORU ISHIHARA, KEIICHI RAGA, KEIICHI SAITO, TETSUO SAT ...
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 221-231
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    AKIBA, T., ISHIHARA, T., RAGA, K., SAITO, K, and SATO, T. Dual Contrast Echocardiography Following Peripheral Venous Injection. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 221-231 -Contrast echocardiography was carried out using a dual method in which two ways of ultrasonic beam were recorded on a cross-sectional plane of the heart. The advantage of this method was to make it possible to demonstrate the right and left cardiac cavities simultaneously and to catch the flow of contrast echoes from many-sided viewpoints, whereas single beam echocardiography could not make it. Dual contrast studies following peripheral venous injection were performed on patients with congenital heart diseases. These studies revealed accurate hemodynamics in 26 of 27 patients.
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  • MASAO NAKAMURA, HIDETADA SASAKI, YUGI IKEDA, RYO KIKUCHI, TADAO OKUBO, ...
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 233-241
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    NAKAMURA, M., SASAKI, H., IKEDA, Y., KIKUCHI, R., OKUBO, T. and TAKISHIMA, T. Bronchial Length Behavior with Respect to Lung Volume Histories in Different Bronchial Sizes in Excised Dog Lungs. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 233-241-The bronchial length behavior of three differentsized segments in seven excised dog lobes was examined in terms of the transpulmonary pressure (PL)-bronchial length relationship and the absolute lung volume (VL)-bronchial length relationship during lung inflation and deflation. The straight bronchi of the right lower lobes were used and the bronchial lengths were measured directly and continuously with a linear displacement transducer which was connected by a thin rod to a wedged bead in the bronchi. From PL 30 to 0cm H2O, the lengths of proximal, intermediate and distal bronchi from the airway opening decreased by 25.2±4.0%; 36.5±10.4%; and 37.0±11.5% (mean ±S.D.), respectively. Hysteresis of bronchial length existed in the lung volume histories at the same PL, but not at the same VL. With deflation of lung from PL 30 to 0cm H2O, the more proximal bronchi less changed their length disproportionately with lung volume. It is suggested that nonhomogeneous expansion between lung parenchyma and the bronchi would be more intense in the proximal bronchi than the distal bronchi in terms of bronchial length.
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  • YUTAKA IMAI, KEISHI ABE, KAORU YOSHINAGA
    1981 Volume 133 Issue 2 Pages 243-244
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
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    I, Y., ABE, K. and YOSHINAGA, K. The Effect of Captopril on Heart Rate in Several Types of Hypertensive Patients. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 133 (2), 243-244-Captopril, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered in a dose of 50mg to 88 untreated hypertensives (70 essential hypertensives, 8 patients with renal arterial disease, 10 patients with renal parenchymal disease). Captopril caused a decrease in heart rate in 18 patients, but an increase in 2 patients. In the remaining 68, heart rate did not change. As a whole, captopril caused a significant decrease in blood pressure without compensatory increase in heart rate. The change in heart rate caused by captopril in patients with renal arterial disease was significantly higher than that in essential hypertensives. A significant negative correlation was observed between the change in heart rate and plasma renin activity obtained immediately before captopril administration (n=79, r=-0.425, p<0.001).-captopril; heart rate; blood pressure; plasma renin activity Captopril has a potent antihypertensive action and, hemodynamically, behaves like a vasodilator (Cody et al. 1978). Several vasodilators have been shown to increase heart rate. Reflex tachycardia is one of undesirable effects of vasodilators when used for the treatment of hypertension. In this study we examined the effect of captopril on blood pressure and heart rate in several types of hypertensive patients. Studies were performed on 88 untreated hypertensives (70 essential hypertensives, 8 patients with renal arterial disease and 10 patients with renal parenchymal disease). The diagnosis of renal arterial lesion was made angiographically, while that of renal parenchymal disease was made by renal biopsy. The study was started on fasted patients between 9:00 and 9:30 a.m. The subjects were kept in supine position during the study period. After at least 30min of pre-control period, blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 10min for 1hr. The terms used for 30min, 20min, 10min before and immediately before drug administration were expressed as -30min, -20min, -10min and 0 time, respectively. At the end of this control period, blood was collected for the measurement of control plasma renin activity (PRA), after which 50mg of captopril was administered orally. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30min with an arteriosonde (Roche) or a mercury sphygmomanometer and a cardiotachometer or palpation of radial pulse. Since the spontaneous change in heart rate measured in each patient during the control period (0, -10, -20, -30min) was 1.7±1.6 beats/min (mean±S.D.), the change in heart rate above ±4.9 beats/min [±(mean+2S.D.)] after drug administration was judged as a significant one. PRA was measured using radioimmunoassay of angiotesin I. Results are expressed as mean±S.D. Statistical analysis of the data was performed according to Student's t test.
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