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Volume 141 (1983)
- Issue 4 Pages 373-
- Issue 3 Pages 249-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 141, Issue Suppl
Displaying 1-50 of 109 articles from this issue
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YOSHIO GOTO1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 1-19
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is generally accepted that etiology of diabetes mellitus is heterogeneous and term “diabetes mellitus” becomes too oldfashioned and vague to apply for the disease. A new term “hyperglycemosis” which involves all states of chronic blood glucose elevation irrespective of etiology, is proposed and tentative etiological classification of hyperglycemosis is shown. The provalence of diabetes mellitus has increased remarkably in Japan as well as other countries and the factors influencing on this increase are concluded as following: 1) an increase in body mass index probably due to reduction of physical exercise and relative excess of energy intake, 2) an increase of elder population and 3) an accumulation of diabetic patients due to an improvement of prognosis of the disease. The phenomenon observed in Japan is thought to be a model in rapidly modernizing countries. Etiological classification was made in 10272 diabetic autopsy cases collected from Annual Reports of Pathological Autopsy Cases 1958-1980 and the result showed 85.9% of the cases was classified as idiopathic and 14.1% was classified as other types of WHO classification. This study showed a difficulty to discriminate idiopathic diabetes mellitus in field studies and a reasonability to use an expression of hyperglycemosis in stead of diabetes mellitus. Death of diabetic coma has decreased and death of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, have increased. As frequency of the chronic complications is different accoring to the quality of the population and also to the examination methods, consideration for these points is important in planning of the study. The modern machine civilization has caused an increase of diabetic population and in the long history of the evolution of mankind, this increase is understood as a dysadaptation of the human body to excess food intake, less physical exercise and other diabetogenic environmental factors. The epidemiological study of diabetes will give a guide line of ideal life style of human being and contribute to sound prosperity of human society.View full abstractDownload PDF (1107K) -
MAUREEN HARRIS1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 21-28
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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PETER H. BENNETT1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 29-39
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhile considerable advances have been made in devising standardized methods for epidemiologic studies, it is only recently the standardized methods for use in diabetes epidemiology have been seriously considered, It is hoped that the present paper will provoke further attention to these matters and result in further discusions of areas where it appears possible to reach a concensus. Research into the performance of certain of the methods mentioned is urgently needed, and it is hoped that epidemiologists interested in diabetes will take up this challenge to prove or disaprove that some of the recommendations and suggestions made in this paper are useful and worthwhile.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
PAUL ZIMMET1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 41-54
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSystematic studies of diabetes prevalence and incidence are now indicating the extent and impact of the disease and its complications. A major handicap in establishing a true global picture has been the lack of uniformity in defining and classifying diabetes, and an additional limiting factor has been the grouping of differernt types of diabetes in published prevalence data. It appears the prevalence of insulin dependent (Type 1) and non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes varies between and within ethnic groups, e. g rural versus urban dwellers, thus making it difficult to compare data from different countries. However, this fact provides unique opportunities to study the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications.
Probably the most urgent needs have been the standardization of classification and criteria, and of epidemiological methodology.
This paper will cover the epidemiology of diabetes in terms of the new WHO classification:
a. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus=Type 1.
b. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus=Type 2.
c. Other types, e. g. pancreatic or tropical malnutrition, endocrine, drug induced, etc.
The main forms of diabetes seen in developed countries are Types 1 and 2. They appear to be two distinct clinical entities, but the concept of genetic-environmental interaction in their causation is probably equally applicable. In developing countries, Type 2 diabetes appears to be the most common form, but tropical malnutrition diabetes also occurs in many regions of the globeView full abstractDownload PDF (874K) -
ZDENKO SKRABALO1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 55-63
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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M. M. S. AHUJA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 65-72
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. HLA antigen studies indicate heterogeneity of allele of B locus and propedine factor based on racial differences, while confirming specificity of DR3-DR4 for IDDM.
2. C-peptide reserve is indicative of some sparing of beta cell destruction due to pre-existing nutritional state with enzymatic modulations modifying ketosis in the atypical IDDM in North India.
3. Specific diabetic vascular disease has lesser geographical predisposition though factors that promote its severity or restrain its progress are not well understood.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
YUKIO KITAZAWA, TETSUYA UCHIDA, SACHIKO KAKIZAKI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 73-76
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to obtain exact blood glucose differences due to samples, analytical methods and instruments. Glucose values obtained with autoanalyzer having deproteinizing system were lower than those obtained by the instrument without deproteinizing system, but the difference was less when the analyzer had no deproteinizing procedure but a dual wave length system. The difference between Hoffman's method and glucose-oxidase method was 10mg/dl. Plasma glucose values were higher than those of whole blood and the difference varied with glucose values-blood glucose analysisView full abstractDownload PDF (198K) -
YOSHINARI NOMURA, KISHIO NANJO, AKIRA KAWA, MOTOSHIGE MIYANO, KAZUHIKO ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 77-84
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on the reliability of the HbA1 assay in mass surveys for diabetes mellitus were carried out with special reference to the preservation and transportation of blood samples. It is essential to confirm that the preservation and transportation of samples have no effect on values for HbA1, since most of the mass surveys are carried out as field works. In our experience the levels of HbA1 remained unchanged for one week, both in samples kept at 4°C, and in frozen samples kept at -40°C or -80°C and transported on solid CO2. The levels of HbA1 in the samples transported from Manila to Wakayama by the above-mentioned methods did not differ from those obtained in corresponding fresh samples. There was a good correlation between levels of HbA1 and levels of plasma glucose obtained 1 or 2hr after breakfast (PPG). It was concluded that the use of both criteria (HbA1 of more than 8.00% and PPG of more than 120mg/ 100ml) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is more reliable than use of either one alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
TADAO HOSHINO, SHIN AMEMIYA, MAKOTO UEKI, KIYOHIKO KATO, SHIGESHI TOYO ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 85-90
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecimens of HbA1c from human hemolysate contain more than six minor components which cannot be separated by conventional methods. These components have differing characteristic properties and their levels fluctuate depending on the time the blood is drawn and the method of sample preparation used. HbA1c exhibits unreasonable fluctuation and unexpectedly high levels and is therefore not an accurate indicator of long-term blood glucose control. The six components of HbA1c were resolved by our new chromatographic technique using IEX-530, and designated by their eluting position and properties; HbF6, L-GHb7, St-GHb8, L-GHb9, FrlO, and Frll. HbF6 was alkaline resistant. L-GHb7 and L-GHg9 were easily removed by treatment with saline or semicarbazide and increased after incubation with glucose. The level of L-GHb7 in the blood showed rapid and varied fluctuation on OGTT in both diabetics and control subjects. More than 2% HbF6 and L-GHb7 was present in 13.3% of the control group (n=57) and in 51.4% of the IDDM group (n=45). St-GHb8, which was a major component of HbA1c, was not affected by pretreatment with saline, semicarbazide or glucose in vitro. The level of St-GHb8 in the blood showed little change on OGTT. HbA1c, hitherto referred to as one stable component, is an incorrect term used to denote the index of long-term blood glucose control. It is important and warranted to use the level of stable glycohemoglobin (St-GHb8) in future determinations following proper analytical methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
KISHIO NANJO, MOTOSHIGE MIYANO, YOSHINARI NOMURA, KAZUHIKO OKAI, RYOIC ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 91-98
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diet loading test (DLT), which measures the change in the blood sugar (BS) level after a loading diabetic diet (5units =400kcal, including 50g of carbohydrate), has been devised as a new diagnostic for diabetes. Twenty-seven and 253 patients classified as borderline type (G-B) and diabetic type (G-DM), respectively, from the results of 50g-OGTT (GTT) were subjected to DLT to evaluate its clinical usefulness. Diagnostic criteria of DLT were established from the BS levels (mean±2s. D.) in 46 normals as follows: normal type (D-N), lower than 100mg/100ml at baseline and than 120mg/100ml both 1 and 2hr after loading; diabetic type (D-DM), higher than 120mg/100ml at both 1 and 2hr; borderline type (D-B), neither of these patterns. According to these criteria, 253 patients of G-DM were divided into 249 D-DM and 4 D-B; 27 G-B were subclassified into 3 groups: 7 D-N (all of them were above 70 years old), 13 D-B and 7 D-DM (all of them were in a remission stage of diabetes). Furthermore, the results of DLT were more closely correlated with HbA1 levels, the daily profile of BS and the degree of retinopathy than those of GTT The reproduciblility of DLT was also better than that of GTT. In conclusion, DLT is a new system which makes it possible to differentiate physiological glucose intolerance in the aged and in patients in a remissiom state of diabetes from borderline cases diagnosed with GTT. Furthermore, it was proved that a better correlation existed between the state of BS control and the results of DLT than those of GTT. The usefulness of DLT in a population survey was also proved.View full abstractDownload PDF (1222K) -
AKIRA SASAKI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 99-104
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe validity of the new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus proposed by the WHO Expert Committee was assessed by 1) 10-year relative survival rates and by 2) the changes in glucose tolerance in subjects with IGT during a 7-year period. In the survival study, diabetic subjects, especially those with a fasting glucose level≥140mg/100ml and 2-hour glucose level≥200mg/100ml revealed a significant decrease in the survival rate, while the prognosis of the subjects with IGT did not differ from that of the general population. On the other hand, in the 7-year follow-up study, the rate of worsening to diabetes after 7 years was related closely to the 2-hour glucose level at the initial test. A multiple logistic analysis also indicated that the fasting and 2-hour glucose levels at the initial test were significantly predictive of worsening to diabetes among the subjects with IGT.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K) -
K. MATSUOKA, G. TANAKA, R. ETOH, A. HORIUCHI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 105-109
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the factors influencing glucose intolerance. 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests serially performed at annual physical examinations over a 10-year period were studid. On the initial examination in 356 subjects, 44.8% were normal and 7.1% diabetic according to the criteria of 100 g OGTT recommended by the Japan Diabetes Society in 1970. For the 10-year follow-up study, the subjects were classified into 2 groups, 30s and 40s, by age at initial examination. The prevalence of obesity in the 30s group the at the 10th year was significantly higher than that of the 40s at the baseline (p<0.05). The rate of normal OGTT in the 30s group at the 10th year was significantly lower than that in the 40s group at the baseline (p<0.01). When cempaled with 119 age- and sex-matched employees of a certain bank, the incidence of diabetic OGTT was identical, but obesity was less prevalent in the 40s group from SONY. These results indicate that obesity increases the rate of glucose intolerance in subjects under 40 years of age, but in subjects aged 41 years and over diabetic predisposition appears to play an important role.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
KANJI KOMATSU, NORIHIKO MORIAI, CHIYUKI NAKANOME, WAICHI SATOH, SHIOKO ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 111-114
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe performed a 10 year follow-up study on diabetics using the 50g oral glucose tolerance test in a rural area of Japan. In untreated borderline diabetics, high or normal insulin responders became normal for glucose tolerance 10 years later. However, low insulin responders became overt diabetics or remained borderline diabetics. Therefore, insulinogenic index was considered to be one of the most valuable indexes in the prospective investigation of untreated borderline diabetics.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
CHIKAKO ITO1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 115-118
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTests for diabetes mellitus have been performed annually since 1963 on about 100, 000 A-bomb survivors living in Hiroshima. We report here on the trends over the 19 years leading up to 1981 for the glycosuria positive rate, the 75g GTT results of positive cases and the findings of the 5-19 year follow-up. 1) The glycosuria positive rate was 3-4 times higher in males. During the period of 1963-1979, the positive rate increased annually in both sexes, reaching 2.6 and 3.0 times the male-female values for 1963, but subsequently levelling off. 2) When Body Mass Index (BMI)<25, 24.9% of the sample was diabetic (including those under treatment), 26.0% had Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and 49.1% were normal, whereas when BMI≥25, the rates were significantly higher being 45.0%, 27.4% and 27.6% respectively (p<0.001). Frequency increased with BMI, reaching 75.0% at BMI 33.3) Results of the 5-19 year follow-up showed the annual diabetes onset rate by the person year method in those with BMI<25 at initial GTT to be 1.72% among 848 normals, while it was a significantly higher 4.82% in those suffering from IGT. For those with BMI≥25, the rates were 3.77% among 161 normals and 7.93% among 132 IGT cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (231K) -
YUKIMASA HIRATA, NAOKO NAGAI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 119-123
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince 1976, 551 patients with diabetes discovered before the age of 30 have been treated in the Diabetes Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College. Among them, 198 were classified as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), 237 as non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), 12 were unclassified, and four were classified as other typers. In patients with IDDM, the number of males was lower than that of females, 80 and 118 respectively. The number of patients discovered with NIDDM over the age of 25 was much higher in males than in females. To study the influencce of family history, 148 probands were selected from the 551 diabetics according to age at onset of diabetes (under 20 years old) and present age (between 20 and 40 years old). At the interview, the number of first-degree relatives and the number of diabetics among them were recorded. Six out of 75 probands (8%) with IDDM had positive family histories for NIDDM and two of the 75 (3%) had positive family histories for IDDM, although 39 out of 73 probands (53%) with NIDDM had positive family histories for NIDDM alone. There was only a slight different in the course of retinopathy between patients with IDDM and NIDDM.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
STEFAN S. FAJANS1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 125-132
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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W. Y. FUJIMOTO, K. HERSHON, J. KINYOUN, W. STOLOV, C. WEINBERG, K. ISH ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 133-139
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous disorder. Both genetic and environmental factors affect the development and the course of the disease. A cross-cultural study in which a migrant pure Japanese population living in Seattle is compared to a native Japanese population in Tokyo may distinguish significant environmental influences upon the occurrence and course of diabetes from influences due to race. To examine the feasibility of mounting a cross-cultural study of type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus in the Japanese-American (Nikkei) community of the greater Seattle (King County) region of Washington State and the native Japanese population of Tokyo, a pilot study was begun in 1979 and completed in 1981. Nikkei refers to all Japanese who have become permanent residents of the United States and includes first generation immigrants.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
T. KADOWAKI, Y. MIYAKE, R. HAGURA, H. KAJINUMA, N. KUZUYA, Y. AKANUMA, ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 141-146
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a 5-12 year follow-up study of 288 subjects with borderline glucose tolerance, 56 of them worsened to overt noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Multivariate analysis indicated that a high level of fasting and 2-hour blood glucose values at the initial 100g oral glucose tolerance test, a large maximal body weight index (Max. BWI) and a diminished insulin response to glucose load were significant independent risk factors for worsening to diabetes. Deterioration to diabetes was observed 4.5 times, 6.1 times and 2.1 times more frequently in subjects with fasting blood glucose≥100mg/1.00ml, 2-hour blood glucose≥180mg/100ml and Max. BWI≥130%, respectively, as compared with those having lower values of each variable. Diabetes developed almost exclusively from low insulin responders in 253 non- or mildly obese subjects, while in 35 severely obese subjects a certain number of ‘normal or high’ insulin responders did develop diabetes. In conclusion, 1) the majority of cases of NIDDM develop on the basis of low insulin secretion, with an additional precipitating factor of obesity, and, 2) in some with higher insulin responses diabetes develops when extreme obesity exists, though these cases form a minor group in Japan today.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
PH. VAGUE, J. VAGUE, M. TRAMONI, B. VIALETTES1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 147-159
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFat mass per se has little effect on the progression of obesity towards diabetes. Predominance of fat in the upper part of the body resulting in android obesity is at least the clinical reflection of factors which lead obesity to progress towards diabetes and atherosclerosis. Therefore, this type of obesity may be termed diabetogenic and atherogenic obesity. Insulin and cortisol secretion in obesity are not correlated with body fat but with the predominance of fat in the upper part of the body. Diabetogenic obesity may evolve through 5 stages from initial obesity without diabetes to insulin dependent diabetes in previously obese subjects. Aside from the characteristics of body fat distribution, the mechanisms which induce or interrupt this progression remain unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
C. V. KRISHNASWAMI, P. CHANDRA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 161-170
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPublished data from literature show a two-to four-fold increase in the incidence of JIDDM, in the Western hemisphere over the past decade (5% to 10-20%). WHO Expert Committee Technical Report Series No. 646 (1980) gives the risk of development of diabetes in the first two decades of life, in the sub-populations of Europe and North America, as 0.1% to 0.3%. In Japan, it is stated to be less than 0.02% ; in Tamil Nadu, India, we have calculated the risk to be less than 0.01%. The incidence of JIDDM amongst diabetics in urban Southern India has remained low and static in the last decade ; 0.8% and 0.84% in 1973 and 1981 respectively. This is so, despite the fact that infant and perinatal mortality rates over the past two decades have registered a sharp decline in our area. Childhood diabetes and its complications have not shown an uptrend in hospital admissions or infant mortality analysis. It is speculative that our ethnic group is lacks the genetic factor, BfF1 (which is strongly linked with HLA B18 and IDDM) and the increased association of S1. It remains to be elucidated whether the increased susceptibility to JIDDM of Caucasian children may be associated with a genetic factor or some other exogenous factor, Such as a nutritional factor or virus infection. A plea is made to exchange groups of diabetic children and study the “behavior” of their diabetes under different environments.-View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
TERUO KITAGAWA, TOSHIAKI MANO, HIDEHIRO FUJITA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 171-179
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrevalence and incidence of IDDM and NIDDM in children in the Tokyo Metropolitan area were estimated using data obtained from a hospital population study, a school population study, urine glucose screening and also from the central registry. The calculated prevalence of diabetes from the data of the central registry in Tokyo was 4 or 6 per 100, 000 children. The number of school-children with IDDM was estimated to be about 20 from the data of the school population study performed in a population of about 220, 000, giving a prevalence rate of approximately 9.1 per 100, 000 schoolchildren. From the data of our hospital population study, the overall annual incidence of IDDM was approximately 3.3 per 100, 000 population. It is apparent that the incidence and prevalence of IDDM in Japan are significantly lower than in the United States and European countries.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
N. MATSUURA, N. FUKUSHIMA, H. FUJITA, K. ABE, Y. YAMADA, N. KASHIWAO, ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 181-189
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiological survey of juvenile-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (0-15 years) was performed in Hokkaido, Japan, during 1973-1981. The mean annual incidence during the nine year period was 1.26 per 100, 000 and showed a significant increasing trend. The prevalence of IDDM at the ages of 0-15 and 6-15 were 7.7 and 11.7 per 100, 000 respectively. These figures were much lower than those previously reported in Caucasians. Peaks in incidence were seen from February to April, and a reduction in incidence from July to September. The females showed a bimodal distribution with the peak incidence fit 10 to 12 years and with a smaller peak at about 7 years. The males showed a broad single peak at about 10 to 13 years.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
KEIJI KAMADO, SHUNSAKU FUJITA, KANJI IZUMI, MITSURU HOSHI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 191-198
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are various reports on the remission phase related to insulin response, C-peptide response, demand for. exogenous insulin, and incidence and duration of remission etc. Recently, the incidence of remission was reported to be 60% in Europe and America, but these data applied to partial and complete remission. In Japan, we have no generally accepted definition of complete and/or partial remission. In order to investigate remission in childhood diabetes, we sent guestionnaires to the consulting doctors of 19 local summer camps for Japanese diabetic children in 1981. In this study, the incidence of complete remission was 4.5% in boys and 2.7% in girls. The incidence of remission including partial remission was 19.6%. The age of remission varied from 2 to 17 years. The mean period between diagnosis and the start of remission was 4.4 months. The mean duration of remission was 16.5 months in boys and 10.1 months in girls, and the maximum duration was 55 months. The main factor leading to remission was strict control of diabetes with insulin immediately following the onset of diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
L. R. RAPER, B. BALKAU, R. TAYLOR, B. MILNE, V. COLLINS, P. ZIMMET1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 199-206
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frequency distribution of plasma glucose concentrations in certain populations show two distinct sub-groups, viz. the non-diabetic group and a hyperglycaemic group. The two groups show up as a double peak (bimodality) in the best-fit frequency distributions of log plasma glucose, and the separation or cut-off point where the two curves intersect, gives an indication of the plasma glucose level at which diabetes could be diagnosed. Venous plasma glucose concentrations two hours after a 75 gm oral glucose load were determined in the Micronesian population of Nauru and the urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa, in subjects aged 20 years and over. Both communities exhibit bimodal frequency distributions of plasma glucose in the upper age groups in both sexes. In the younger age groups the frequency distribution of plasma glucose typically follows the usual unimodal Gaussian curve. However, the high prevalence Nauruans show the bimodal form in all groups except the youngest males. The data show that among these two communities, as with the Pimas, the frequency distribution of plasma glucose concentrations can be used to separate the population into normal and hyperglycaemic groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (2206K) -
A. O. K. OBEL1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 207-210
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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H. MAHTAB, M. IBRAHIM, N. G. BANIK, GULSHAN-E-JAHAN, F. HAQUE, S. M. ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 211-217
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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S. WASPADJI, A. B. RANAKUSUMA, S. SUYONO, S. SUPARTONDO, U. SUKATON1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 219-228
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in Koja Utara subdistrict of Jakarta is 1.63%.
The prevalence of diabetes increases with age.
The tendency toward bimodality in the 55-64 age group of our study lends support to the usefulness of the WHO criteria 1980.
There is no difference between the sexes. Male to female ratio was 1.2: 1.
There is a higher prevalence of diabetes among the obese, and the obese and overweight comprise 65.9% of diabetics.
Obesity seems to be an important risk factor in the development of diabetes.
There was a higher prevalence of diabetes in the high socio-economic level group than in the low one.
The group of Chinese origin showed a higher prevalence of diabetes than the other groups.
A positive family history of diabetes was found in 27% of our diabetic patients.
Dietary recall analysis revealed no significant difference in the percentage of carbohydrate, protein, fat, or in the percentage of refined carbohydrate. However, total caloric intake was significantly higher in the high socio-economic-diabetic group. Total caloric intake seemed to be more important than quantita-tive dietary factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
YUKIO KITAZAWA, KATSUTOSHI MURAKAMI, YOSHIO GOTO, SUSUMU HAMAZAKI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 229-234
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOral glucose tolerance test (75g GTT) was performed on 5, 172 subjects who received physical checkups at Daiichi Survey Center from April 1981 to March 1982 and the Prevalence of diabetes in Tokyo was studied using the new diagnostic criteria of WHO (1980). The diabetic test was obtained in 3.6% of the subjects over 30 years old. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 4.3% of the diabetic cases. The prevalence of diabetes increased with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and it was considered to be adequate to set the screening point for diabetes mellitus by FBG at 100mg/dl. 50g GTT and 75 g were performed in 10, 458 cases and 11, 925 cases, respectively, and mean 1-hour and 2-hour values were compared by FBG levels. The results show that 2-hour values in 50g GTT which correspond those of 120mg/dl and 180mg/dl in 75g GTT may be 105mg/dl and 150mg/dl, respectively. However it is not reasonable to make the conversion by adding a certain value, because the differences varies markedly with each case.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
SEIRYO TAKASHINA, HISASHI TOMARU, KANJI KOMATSU, NOBUO UTSUMI, SHIGERU ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 235-241
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTests for DM using the 75g OGTT method (NDDG diagnostic criteria) were performed on 3145 persons living in rural areas of 8 different geographical regions of Japan (from Tohoku to Kyushu regions). Considerable regional difference was observed with western Japan tending to have higher DM and IGT rates than eastern Japan. The DM and IGT prevalence rates (for rural areas in Japan) were 3.9% and 6.9% respectively, and the DM detecion rate was 2.8%. Comparison between normals and disturbance of glucose tolerance group (DM and IGT) on the basis of risk factors for atherosclerotic angiopathy showed that those with abnormal findings were definitely more numerous in the disturbance of glucose tolerance group.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
NOBUHISA NAKAMURA, KENSI ICHINOSE, HIDEO FUKUSHIMA, HARUO UZAWA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 243-250
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) according to the 1980 National Diabetes Data Group (1980 NDDG) classificatdon and diagnosis. Two hundred and sixty inhabitants [aged 50.9±9.6 years, male: female (M : F) =90: 170] of five small rural towns in Kumamoto Prefecture (population 1.8 million) and 279 male members of western divisions of the Japanese Ground Self Defence Forces (SDF employees) living in Kumamoto, who had retired at the age 50 years were subjected to the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (75g OGTT) in association with routine clinical and laboratory examinations. In addition, the results of 50g OGTT obtained in 1243 SDF members (aged 50 years, male) from 1977 to 1980 were included in this study, after their blood glucose concentrations were converted to those of 75g OGTT according to the 1982 recommendations of the Japan Diabetic Society. The overall prevalence of DM was 2.7%, IGT 17%. Out of the 10 subjects found to have DM in the inhabitants of the 5 rural towns, 6 (M : F=3 : 3) were 60 years of age or over and half of them were aware of their diabetes mellitus. None of the 8 cases of DM discovered among the SDF employees examined in 1981-1982 had any signs or symptoms of DM, whereas 3 were hypertensive, 2 were markedly obese and 4 were hypertrigly-ceridemic-75gView full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
EIIOHI MIKUNI, TAKASHI OHOSHI, Koji HAYASHI, KEI MIYAMURA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 251-256
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferences in glucose intolerance within various occupational groups, i. e. laborers, clerks, and managers, and the related environmental factors were studied in ca. 9000 male workers of a certain factory. Age-and weight-adjusted prevalence rates of glucose intolerance were 3.2% in the laborers, 5.8% in the clerks, and 9.3% in the managers. In the managers, the total intake of calories was excessive for the amount of exercise expended; food intake was relatively low in complex carbohy-drates and high in animal fats. The clerks were characterized by a high sugar intake. The low prevalence of glucose intolerance in the laborers was ascribed to the greater amount of exercise. Assigned work hours, however, probably affected the prevalence of diabetes in the laborers, which was 2.1% in subjects who worked all three shifts, but 0.9% in subjects working only day shifts. Thirty laborers from all 3 shifts consented to give urine specimens during their working time (8hr), after the same amount of food and exercise in all of them. Urinary excretionn of HGH and VMA during the midnight shift was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that during the day shift although urinary 170HCS was significantly low (p<0.01) at midnight. There were no significant changes in urinary CPR excretion between day and night shifts. These data indicate the importance of environmental factors, such as exercise, nutrition and stress, in glucose intolerance.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
YUKIO SHIGETA, RYUICHI KIKKAWA, NOBUYUKI KOBAYASHI, JUBEI KATABAMI1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 257-260
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong the 47 prefectures of Japan, the prefecture of Shiga stands out due to its remarkably high death rate from diabetes, especially in female diabetics. In an attempt to clarify the causes, a diabetes detection study was carried out in the inhabitants aged 40 or over of five communities. The prevalence rate of diabetes was 1.7% ; male 2.5% and female 1.3%. However, the study could include only 14% of the inhabitants (3253 out of 23, 249 inhabitants). In a community named Aito, where the diabetic death rate was the highest among communities of the prefecture and the study covered 95% of the 1849 inhabitants, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.0% in males and 1.2% in females (2.2% in total). Obesity, hypertension and ischemic change in electrocardiogram were more frequent in female diabetics than in male diabetics in this community. These results suggest that the high death rate from diabetes in the female population is not caused by a high prevalence rate of diabetes and female diabetics may be affected by several risk factors which influence their prognosis more often than that of male diabetics.View full abstractDownload PDF (211K) -
KAZUMI NOTSU, YASUO GOTO, TAKEHIKO SAKURAMI, SHINYA NOTE, NOBORU NABEY ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 261-263
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a survey of one Japanese population, we detetected pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA), antithyroid antibodies (ATA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The prevalence of ICA was 6 out of 1125 cases, or 0.5%. ATA and ANA were detected in 8.9% and 1%, respectively. There were no cases of either type I or type II diabetes in subjects with ICA. But there was one case who had ATA and another with ANA. Serum samples from this population had been obtained once a year from 1979 and one case with neither ATA nor ANA was found positive for ICA in 1980. Identical tests for ICA were performed on 80 childhood diabetics as were carried out on type I diabetics. Pancreatic isles cell surface antibodies (ICsA), ATA and ANA were studied simultaneonsly. The prevalence of ICA in 80 cases was 36.3% and that of ICsA was 13.8%. 4 cases had both ICA and ICsA. The prevalence of ATA was 11.2% and that of ANA was 16.3%.View full abstractDownload PDF (173K) -
TAKAMICHI SHINJYO, YUKIMASA HIRATA, HIROSHI MARUYAMA, SHUNTARO ISHIBA, ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 265-269
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIslet Cell-Cyto-plasmic Antibodies (ICA) in serum samples obtained from 616 Japanese diabetics were examined. The patients included 296 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and 320 with noninsulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). The number of ICA-positive cases found in 96 subjects in whom the duration of IDDM was under one year was found to be 50% (48/96), though in subjects with a duration over one year, it was only 14.5% (29/200). The prevalence of ICA-positive cases in the NIDDM group was 2.2% (7/320), and none of the nondiabetics had ICA in their serum. Moreover, none of 45 first-degree relatives of 19 patients with IDDM of whom 5 were positive and others were negative for ICA had ICA. Concerning the relationship between HLA-type and ICA in IDDM, there was a tendency for the prevalence of BW54, DR4 and MT3 of HLA to be higher in the ICA-negative group than in the ICA-positive group or the non-diabetic group. In 28 patients with IDDM, both ICA and ICSA were checked. Of 21 patients positive for ICA, only 3had ICSA, although 3 out of 7 patients with negative ICA were positive for ICSA. Therefore no correlation was found between ICA and ICSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
TETSURO KOBAYASHI, SHINJI SAWANO, TADAO SUGIMOTO, TOKUJI ITOH, KINORI ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 271-274
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIslet-cell antibodies (ICA) were studied in 538 Japanese diabetics with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The overall prevalence of ICA was 17% (16/93), 4% (7/164), 2% (2/90) and 3% (5/191) in IDDM, NIDDM treated with insulin, NIDDM treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, and NIDDM treated by diet alone, respectively. ICA were detected in 58% (11/19) of patients with IDDM in the first year of the disease. The prevalence of ICA decreased drastically with prolongation of the disease. We could not find any ICA-positive IDDM in subjects with a clinical course of more than 10 years. The level of thyroid microsomal antibodies was not significantly higher in either type of diabetes when compared to nondiabetic controls. These results suggest that Japanese diabetics may have a weaker autoimmune predisposition than Caucasians.View full abstractDownload PDF (217K) -
MAKOTO NAKAZONO, MIKIHIKO KUDO, TSUNEHARU BABA, HIROAKI KIKUCHI, KAZUO ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 275-281
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the incidence of goiters and that of thyroid antibodies in 278 patients with diabetes mellitus, in whom six subjects with primary hypothyroidism were excluded, and measured their serum TSH concentrations. The incidence of goiters was 31.8%, and was higher in females than in males. The incidence of goiters in diabetics under the age of 40 was higher than that in subjects more than 40 years old, and the incidence of microsome antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies were found to be 18.5% and 1.8%, respectively, in these two groups. The percentage of micro-some antibodies was lower in diabetics between the ages of 40 and 60 than in diabetics under the age of 40 or over the age of 60. The incidence of goiters and micro-some antibodies was not related to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum TSH concentration and age in diabetics with serum TSH levels less than 5μU/ml. As a result, although the incidence of goiters in diabetics was found to decrease with age, the incidence of thyroid antibodies and serum TSH levels were found to increase. These findings suggest that it might be possible to observe atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis, sometimes resulting in subclinical hypothyroidism, in aged diabetics.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
KYOKO OKIMOTO, YOSHINOBU NAKAO, HIDEO MATSUMOTO, HUN KI MIN, EUNG JIN ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 283-287
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighty-eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and seventy-two unrelated normal controls in Korea were studied for Gm allotypes and HLA-antigens. Ten Gm phenotypes were found among the Korean population. The phenotype frequencies of Gm axg (1, 2, 21), Gm ag (1, 21), Gm agb0b3b5st (1, 21, 11, 13, 10, 15, 16) and Gm agfb0b1b3b4b5 (1, 21, 3, 11, 5, 13, 14, 10) were higher than the other Gm allotypes, but there was no significant difference between patients and controls. HLA-BW54 was found in 15% of patients who had any of those Gm allotypes (Gm axg, Gm ag, Gm agb0b3b5st, Gm ab0b3b5st). However there was no significant difference in frequency as compared with controls.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
K. OKAI, K. NANJO, A. KAWA, M. MIYANO, Y. NOMURA, S. KIMURA, K. MIYAMU ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 289-293
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVery little information is available related to possible differences in immunological characteristics of IDDM among Asian populations, though it has been reported that IDDM is associated with Bw54-DR4 and B17-DR3 in Japanese and Chinese, respectively. There is virtually no report related to comparative studies on Bf-DM association among Asian populations, while Bf-DM association is reported to be stronger than HLA-DM association in Caucasians. In the present paper, the results of our studies on anti-thyroid antibodies (ATA) of IDDM in Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos are presented. In Japanese, the incidence of ATA positive was higher in IDDM with a duration of less than one year (35.7%) than that in the patients with a duration of one year or more (12.5%). But, there was no such a duration dependent decrease in the incidences of ATA among Chinese or Filipino IDDM. The frequency of BfSS in Filipinos is lower than in Japanese or Chinese. However, no association was found between Bf phenotypes and IDDM in Asian populations. These results indicate that autoimmunity is transient in Japanese IDDM, but persistent in Chinese and Filipinos, and that it is too early to postulate in general that Bf-IDDM association in general populations is stronger than HLA-IDDM association.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Y. KANAZAWA, T. FURUSHO, H. NAKAJIMA, S. AMEMIYA, Y. AKANUMA, K. KOSAK ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 295-299
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood groups ABO, MN, P1, Lewis and KIDD, were examined in 64 adult and 53 child diabetics. Patients were classified into 4 groups, NIDDM (n=30), Insulin<20U (n=13) and lnsulin≥20U (n=21) in adults and IDDM in children (n=53). ABO blood group was found to have some association with Insulin≥20U and IDDM. P1 (+) was significantly rarer in the Insulin≥20U group in adults, while this difference was not obsered in IDDM in children. MN, Lewis and KIDD blood groups did not show any association with diabetes mellitus in our study.View full abstractDownload PDF (246K) -
M. H. TAN, C. WORNELL, R. ELLIS1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 301-307
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROSHI SUZUKI, YOSHIO GOTO1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 309-312
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YASUO IIBUCHI, KEIKO HIGA, GORO MIMURA, JOHN HASKEY1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 313-318
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors selected 24 original papers which were regarded them as the epidemiological study and the statistical study from their titles, from the end of World War II to 1981. And these papers were selected from 3 medical journals of internal medicine, other medical journals and proceedings of 2 International Conferences (see Table 1), and also were the object of study, nemely, theoretical considerations. Besides we classified these 24 papers into 2 sorts; papers for an epidemiological study and a statistical study, and made a comparative study of details of these papers theoretically. As the result we were able to clarify what the anthers of 24 papers had considered about the natures of epidemiology and statistics as the science. It was clarified that two sciences, epidemiology and statistics, had been in the general trend without any recognition of the differences between twos. And as the conclusion we pointed out that the field of activity of statistics was broader than that of epidemiology, and the nature of statistics as the science might be changeable according to the object, moreover, statistical theory might be a branch of mathematics and so on.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
TORSTEN DECKERT1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 319-324
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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R. J. JARRETT1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 325-329
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASATOSHI FUKUDA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 331-335
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new classification for diabetic retinopathy was presented and modified from Scott's classification which was most commonly used in Japan. Diabetic retinopathy was divided into benign and malignant retinopathy, and the former was named type A and the latter type B. Type A included background retinopathy and the interrupted stage of proliferative retinopathy. Background retinopathy was divided into two groups (AI, and All). Interrupted proliferative retinopathy was also divided into three groups (AIII, IV, and V). Type B included preproliferative retinopathy, advanced proliferative retinopathy and the final stage of proliferative retinopathy. Preproliferative retinopathy was labeled Stage BI and advanced proliferative retinopathy was divided into two groups (BII and BIII). The final stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was divided into three stages (BIV, BV and VI). This new classificaton also presents the therapeutic method to be employed at each stage of diabetic retfinopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
H. KAJINUMA, Y. MIYAKE, N. KUZUYA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 337-342
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAssumed risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy were examined in 401 diabetic patients who had visited our clinic at regular intervals over 5 years. These subjects showed no funduscopic abnormalities at their first visit, whereas 114 out of 401 cases (28.4%) developed retinopathy within 5 years while 287 cases (71.6%) remained unaffected. 110 cases each were selected both from the affected and unaffected groups, matching in sex, age at onset and duration, and the frequencies of various risk factors were compared. In the affected and unaffected groups, the mean maximal body weight indexes were 125. 5±19.6% and 123.5±20.1%, respectively, but the number of subjects with excessive obesity (≥130%) was greater in the former than in the latter (p<0.05, X2-test). The number of patients with poor blood glucose control was greater in the former while that with good control was greater in the latter (p<0.05, X2-test). No differences were observed between the two groups for other parameters, including method of treatment. In conclusion, among the various risk factors examined, only obesity and poorer blood glucose control were significant contributors to the development of diabetic retinopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
H. KING, P. ZIMMET, R. TAYLOR, B. BALKAU, L. R. RAPER, J. BORGER, W. H ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 343-353
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA recent epidemiological survey of the whole adult Micronesian poplulation of Nauru has confirmed that Nauruans, along with Pima Indians, suffer the highest rate of abnormal glucose tolerance yet recorded. To establish the morbid effects of hyperglycaemia in this population, all responders to the diabetes survey were concurrently examined for diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic subjects, the crude prevalence of retinopathy was 24%. Specific rates were determined at various levels of the following characteristics: age, 2 hour post-load plasma glucose, body mass index, duraton of diabetes and systolic blood pressure. Prevalence was found to rise with increasing 2 hour plasma glucose and duration, to fall with increasing body mass index and to have a quadratic relationship with age and systolic blood pressure. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine whether the selected characteristics were significant in increasing the risk of retinopathy. Body mass index and systolic blood pressure did not contribute significantly to this risk after controlling for age. Increasing 2 hour plasma glucose significantly increased the risk of retinopathy, and duration of disease was the strongest predictor variable. This study shows that the consequences of hyperglycaemia in this Micronesian population are comparable to those already documented in European and American Indian communities.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
SEIICHI SUMI, TAKAO SHIMIZU, IKUO MINED, KOUYASU SOH, KEIKO TAKAI, HIR ...1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 355-360
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have been following longitudinal changes of diabetic retinopathy by periodic funduscopy in patients at our out-patient clinic for diabetes mellitus. In this study, we reviewed the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the distribution of its severities. Funduscopic examinations for retinopathy were performed on 242 patients. They ranged in age from 13 to 84 years (52.9±0.9, mean±s. e.). Duration of diabetes ranged from I to 31 years (10.7±0.4). Forty patients were treated with diet alone, 112 with oral hypoglycemic agents and 90 with insulin administration. No retinopathy was found in 83 patients (34%), background retinopathy in 113 (47%), preproliferative retinopathy in 24 (10%) and proliferative retinopathy in 17 (7%). Five patients (2%) were blind. Twenty-seven patients (60%) of 45 with a less than 5-year duration of diabetes were apparently without retinopathy, while the incidence of proliferative retinopathy increased in proportion to the duration. Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher in the patients with proliferative retinopathy than in any other group. All of the blind patients had a long history of untreated diabetes. Whether diabetic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin influences the progression of retinopathy could not be demonstrated by a 2-year observation. Further analysis based on a longer duration is needed in this respect.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
TAI HEE LEE, SANG HO HAN1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 361-365
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROSHI OOHASHI, TOSHIHIKO MIHARA, YUKIMASA IRATA1983 Volume 141 Issue Suppl Pages 367-373
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn accordance with the new criteria for diabetes mellitus proposed by the WHO in 1980, patients treated at our clinic from 1976 to 1980 were examined for diabetes mellitus and its three major complications. 3809 patients (M 2176, F 1630) were divided into three groups: DM-A group (2912) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥140mg/100ml; DM-B group (334) with FPG<140 and.2 hr after load (2H)≥200; IGT group (563) with FPG<140 and 140≤2H<200. The prevalences of the three complications are presented in the order: DM-A; DM-B; IGT, 33%; 21%; 15% (proteinuria), 48%; 28%; 18% (retinopathy), 63%; 47%; 34% (neuropathy), 15%; 6%; 1% (triopathy). Among the diabetics groups (DM-A+DM-B), prevalence of retinopathy is examined by sex, known duration of diabetes and age at registration. Prevalence is 45% in male, and 47% in female; duration 0-2 yr 27%, 3-5 yr 37%, 6-8 yr 50%, 9-11 yr 59%, 12-14 yr 68%, 15 yr- 73%; age at registration 0-24 yr 23%, 25-44 yr 39%, 45-64 yr 50%, 65 yr- 47%. On crosstabulation of age and duration in 25-44 yr age group, the prevalence of retinopathy as a function of known duration is 22% (duration 0-2 yr), 29% (3-5 yr), 53% (6-8 yr), 62% (9-11 yr), 73% (12-14 yr), 90% (15 yr-) and the prevalence rises more steeply than elder ones. The same tendancy is observed in neuropathy and proteinuria. In conclusion, the prevalence of microangiopathy increases in the order; IGT, DM-B, DM-A and the retinopathy in IGT group is observed 18% of patients.classificationView full abstractDownload PDF (333K)