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Volume 185 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 227-
- Issue 3 Pages 161-
- Issue 2 Pages 79-
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Volume 185, Issue 1
May
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Regular Contributions
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Katsuhisa Ikeda, Takeshi Oshima, Akira Shimomura, Tomonori Takasaka1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined as intermittent complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing mental and physical effects. Localization of obstructions in the upper airways in OSAS patients provides indispensable information for the selection of surgical procedures. We measured the pressure within the upper airways during sleep in 6 patients with OSAS in order to select the surgical procedure. Five patients were found to have the airway collapse in the velopharynx, and in three of them underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) with tonsillectomy was performed. The remaining one patient, having an obstruction in both the velopharynx and hypopharynx, underwent laser-assisted midline glossectomy as well as UPPP. The 4 patients receiving the operation showed improvements in the sleep apnea index and the lowest oxygen saturation postoperatively. These findings suggest that pressure measurement may be a reliable tool for localizing obstructions in OSAS patients and may be used for determined the surgical option.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Kouhei Fukushima, Iwao Sasaki, Takayuki Masuda, Hiroshi Nagura, Hiroo ...1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe organization of the lymphatic system in the rat ileum was investigated by the three-dimensional reconstruction using serial sections after dilatation of lymphatics. This method has an advantage to exclude possible artifacts in the conventional corrosion cast method. The villus possessed several lacteals and connected to each other by sinus. Two or three perpendicularly oriented lymphatics descended and led into the submucosal lymphatic network. In mucosa and submucosa, no valvular structure was detected. This study confirmed the voluminous lacteals and fine network structure of lymphatics in submucosa without valves, suggesting great potential to keep lymph and to drain soluble factors and cellular components.View full abstractDownload PDF (1586K) -
Akio Hoshi, Hiromi Watanabe, Momoko Chiba, Yutaka Inaba1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 15-24
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe determined the bone density and mechanical properties of bone specimens from 5 groups of aged mice which had been subjected to voluntary exercise at different ages. ICR 10-week-old female mice were divided into control (C), and exercise-trained during age periods of 10-70 weeks (EE), 10-30 weeks (GPE), 30-50 weeks (MPE) and 50-70 weeks (APE). It was found that in the exercise-trained groups body weight gain was suppressed during the exercise-training period, and that de-training accelerated weight gain. Bone density was significantly higher in all the exercise-trained groups than in the C group and cortical thickness index (CTI) was higher in the exercise-trained groups, except for the APE group. Maximum breaking force, ultimate stress and elasticity in the exercise-trained groups were higher than in the C group except for the APE group, whereas deformation in the APE group had a tendency to be higher than in the other groups. Blood C-terminal parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and calcium concentrations were similar among every group, but phosphorus concentrations tended to be higher in the exercise-trained groups than in the C group. These observations suggest that exercise-training at every age suppresses age-associated bone loss, and that the effect of exercise during youth is greater than that during old age. The results of this study suggest that the effect of exercise on bone at an older age is different from that at other ages.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Tokutaro Sato, Masao Oouchi, Hiroari Nagakubo, Tooru Chiba, Susumu Oga ...1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 25-29
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) is a common intermediate metabolite of cholesterol synthesis and ketone formation in the liver. In order to study the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (pravastatin) on ketone formation, changes in the plasma levels of ketone bodies by treatment with pravastatin were studied in 18 non-insulin dependent diabetics with hypercholesterolemia. Body mass index, diabetic control, and plasma free fatty acid levels were not changed during the study, and the plasma levels of cholesterol decreased significantly from 250±25 to 211±34 mg/100 ml after 6 months of pravastatin treatment. The plasma levels of acetoacetic acid also significantly decreased from 37.7±22.6 to 28.4±13.4 μmol/l, and those of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and total ketone bodies also tended to decrease after pravastatin treatment. These results suggest that pravastatin decreases ketone formation in hepatic mitochondria besides cholesterol synthesis in hepatic microsome.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Toshihiko Hamada, Fumitake Gejyo, Yoshifumi Koshino, Tetsuhito Murata, ...1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that congenital heart abnormalities are common in children with Down's syndrome. However there are few studies on cardiac abnormalities in adults with Down's syndrome. Therefore, we estimated cardiac abnormalities by means of echocardiography in 30 institutionalized Japanese adults with Down's syndrome, but without cardiac symptoms. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed an incidence of 26.7% in mitral valve prolapse and 20% increase of echo brightness in the mitral valve. Doppler echocardiography revealed an incidence of 16.7% in mitral valve regurgitation, and 13.3% in aortic valve regurgitation. Thus, even adults with Down's syndrome who are apparently free of cardiac symptoms may be at risk for valvular disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Koji Okihara, Hiroki Watanabe, Masahito Saitoh, Munekado Kojima1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical usefulness of the kinetic analysis of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with advanced prostatic cancer treated by castration has not yet been evaluated. The reduction of both prostatic volume and PSA was monitored in 37 patients with Stage C and Stage D prostatic cancer. The change of prostatic volume was measured frequently by transrectal ultrasonography (TRS) after castration, as was the change of PSA. A kinetic analysis of both prostatic volume and PSA was made by comparing the reduction time τ(PSA) (speed of the reduction of PSA) and τ prostatic volume (PV). There was a stastistically significant correlation between τ(PSA) and τ(PV) in patients with a τ(PV) of less than 30 days. However, no correlation was observed in patients with a τ(PV) of more than 30 days, because the τ(PSA) in this group fell into a relatively low range similar to the group with a τ(PV) of less than 30 days. It was assumed that the change of PSA after castration reflected mainly the response of the hormone dependent portion of the total cancer volume. However, all data of τ(PV) with a τ(PSA) less than 10 days were within 30 days. In conclusion, τ(PSA) might be promising as a prognostic factor after castration in patient with advanced prostatic cancer, although τ(PSA) was not a direct substitute for τ(PV).View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Azusa Taneda, Chiyohiko Shindoh, Yuzuru Ohuchi, Kunio Shirato1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 45-54
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of Interleukin (IL)-10 intravenous injection after endotoxin administration on diaphragm muscle were studied using Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two treatment groups: A saline+endotoxin group as control and an IL-10+endotoxin group. E. coli endotoxin (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 5 minutes after saline or IL-10 (1250 U, 0.25 mg) injection. The force-frequency curves, twitch kinetics and fatigability were measured at 0 and 4 hours after endotoxin injection. In the saline+endotoxin group, the force-frequency curves and half relaxation time were significantly decreased at 4 hours (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively) compared to those at 0 hour. In the IL-10+endotoxin group, the decrement in the force-frequency curves by endotoxin was prevented at 4 hours compared to that at 0 hour. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry showed positive staining in the saline+endotoxin at 4 hours, but there was no significant staining at 0 or 4 hours in the IL-10+endotoxin group. These data suggest that IL-10 prevents the deterioration of contraction induced by endotoxin by inhibiting nitric oxide production in the diaphragm muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1605K) -
Masato Funayama, Sohtaro Mimasaka, Katsunori Iwashiro, Ryohei Nozawa1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 55-65
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe assessed some Japanese bedding on the assumption of the effects of air trapping using an infant mannequin. The change of CO2 concentration in the airway of a mannequin head placed on bedding was continuously monitored using a CO2 analyzer during simulated breathing. To compare the level of CO2 dispersal among different items of bedding, CO2 half time (t1/2) values were used. The t1/2 values were calculated by measuring the time required for the expired percent CO2 to reach 1/2 the initial percent end-tidal PCO2. We also measured softness and resistance to airflow (R) of the same items. As for the bedding, 4 types of futon and several types of bottom sheets/towels were combined. The t1/2 value in supine position was 9.8 seconds. When the model was placed prone on futon, the t1/2 values increased to 14.1 seconds (hard mattress type) −17.2 seconds (soft cotton-like futon). With respect to present Japanese baby futon (hard mattress type), there may be a relatively low potential for rebreathing to occur, compared with soft futon. In every case, the t1/2 value was prolonged by the use of a towel spread on the futon. CO2 dispersal may depend not only on the softness of the futon, but also on the combination of bottom sheet/towel and mattress. There was no relationship between R values and t1/2 values. The potential of rebreathing increased in face down position among all bedding, and supine position was the best CO2 dispersal position.View full abstractDownload PDF (719K)
Case Reports
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Masayuki Imaeda, Satoshi Sumi, Hiromi Imaeda, Mariko Suchi, Kiyoshi Ki ...1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 67-70
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a family with hereditary orotic aciduria heterozygotes. A 3-year-old boy who had been diagnosed as having cerebral palsy and mental retardation presented himself with an increase in excretion of urinary orotic acid. Enzymatic studies revealed that the boy and his healthy mother were hereditary orotic aciduria heterozygote carriers. We can not prove that this pyrimidine disorder caused his neurological symptoms, but his pyrimidine nucleoside supply may have been insufficient in his neonatal period.View full abstractDownload PDF (220K) -
Takeshi Chiba, Masahito Hatori, Yoshiyuki Abe, Tokuhisa Sano, Shoichi ...1998 Volume 185 Issue 1 Pages 71-78
Published: 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a case of 43-year-old female with a periosteal ganglion arising in the right radius. Plain radiographs showed thick and sparse spicula with shallow and irregular cortical erosion, which suggested periosteal ganglion. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a well circumscribed homogeneous lesion with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. No apparent enhancement observed after gadolinium injection suggested that the lesion was cystic. At operation, gelatinous material was removed together with the spicula, the surface of the cortex and the overlying periosteum. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence after three years of surgical treatment. MR imaging was thought to be useful to confirm the diagnosis of periosteal ganglion.View full abstractDownload PDF (3261K)
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