An ejector can transform the expansion energy of the driving flow into the pressure build-up energy of the suction flow. Therefore, by utilizing the ejector instead of the expansion valve for the absorption and the compression cycle, the performance of the refrigerator can be greatly improved. Until now, many studies have been conducted with regard to the single-phase flow ejector. But, single or two component two-phase flow ejector which needs for the compression and absorption cycle has not been examined sufficiently. This paper constructs the simulation model of single and two component two-phase flow ejector and investigates the characteristics of that ejector by the simulation. Working fluids are ammonia, CO₂ and ammonia-water mixture. As a result, the optimum mixing section inlet pressure exists to maximize the performance of the ejector. And the ejector performance is analyzed in detail.

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An ejector can transform the expansion energy of the driving flow into the pressure build-up energy of the suction flow. Therefore, by utilizing the ejector instead of the expansion valve for the vapor compression cycle, the performance of the cycle can be greatly improved. Until now, the performance of the vapor compression cycle with the ejector has not been examined sufficiently. Therefore, this paper constructs the simulation model of the vapor compression cycle with the ejector and investigates the performance of that cycle by the simulation. Working fluids are ammonia and CO₂. As a result, in case of the ejector efficiency 90%, COP of the vapor compression cycle using ammonia with the ejector is 5% higher than that of the conventional cycle and COP using CO₂ with the ejector is 22% higher than that of the conventional cycle.

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An ejector can transform the expansion energy of the driving flow into the pressure build-up energy of the suction flow. Therefore, by utilizing the ejector instead of the expansion valve for the absorption cycle, the performance of the cycle can be greatly improved. Until now, the performance of the absorption cycle with the ejector has not been examined sufficiently. Therefore, this paper constructs the simulation model of the absorption cycle with the ejector and investigates the characteristics of that cycle by the simulation. As a result, COP of the absorption cycle with the ejector is about 3% higher than that of the conventional absorption cycle.

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The drag reduction of a water flow with new drag reducing surfactants (amine oxide type nonionic surfactants, mixtures of amine oxide type nonionic surfactants and betaine type amphoteric surfactants) which were selected as environmentally acceptable drag reducing additives was investigated experimentally.
Addition of amine oxide type nonionic surfactants to hot or cold water can reduce flow drag in a turbulent pipe flow. The present research investigated how various ionic components dissolved in water affected this drag reducing effect.
It was found that ionic impurities contained in the water affected the pipe flow drag reducing effect by amine oxide type nonionic surfactants. Moreover, it was clarified that the decrease in the pipe flow drag reducing effect was recovered by adding a mixture of amine oxide type nonionic surfactants and betaine type amphoteric surfactant to the water with ionic impurities.

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In the present study the simplified test model of the commercial reciprocating compressor for an automotive air-conditioner is designed to investigate the velocity distributions of the discharge flow from the suction valve using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique and to measure the displacement of the valve. The displacement of the conventional valve in the test model is observed using the high speed video camera and is also measured using a strain gauge. On the other hand the velocity distributions around the suction valve are measured using PIV and the relation between the velocity distributions and the movement of the valve is investigated. Furthermore the new valve with the shape improved from the conventional valve is designed and the results of the flow visualization and the measurement of the valve displacement for the new valve are compared with those of the conventional valve. We found that the vibration of the new valve can be suppressed compared with the conventional one from the experiment using both the present test model and the commercial reciprocating compressor. The reason of the vibration-reduction for the new valve is discussed from the results of the present flow analysis.

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Ventilation air is a concern for engineers since ventilated air controls indoor air contamination; additional ventilation, however, increases the energy consumption of buildings. The study investigates the energy efficiency performance of the desiccant dehumidification air conditioning system in the context of ventilation for a hot-humid climate such as summer in Japan. The investigation focuses on the variable ratio of ventilation air as required by the application of air conditioning system. The COP of the desiccant air conditioning system is determined. The evaluation is subsequently performed by comparing the desiccant based system with the conventional absorption cooling system and the vapor compression cooling system.
Based on 12 desiccant rotor simulations, it is found that the desiccant regeneration temperature required varies between 47°C to 85°C as ventilation ratio increases from 0. 0 to 100%, and up to 52. 5°C as the ventilation ratio achieves 14%. The heat required for regenerating desiccant accounts for 55% and higher of the system's total heat consumption; the system is expected to be energy efficient by using wasted heat from the absorption chiller for desiccant regeneration; and its energy efficiency expands as the ratio of ventilation air rises above 15% compared with the conventional absorption cooling system. The energy efficiency also benefits as the ratio rises beyond 70% against the conventional vapor compression cooling system.

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The study aims at clarifying the local heat and mass transfer in the desiccant rotor, and at obtaining the design aspects of high efficient desiccant rotor and operation method. In the paper, theoretical analysis is performed for rotary dehumidifier. Both surface diffusion and mass transfer coefficient are considered in the model. It is examined that the results of calculation agree well with the experimental data. The local temperature, humidity and the amount of adsorbed water vapor are calculated. It is clarified that temperature and humidity of air in the rotor change clockwise between each inlet air condition on the psychrometric chart. The outlet temperature and humidity distribution of the rotor is clarified in the system showing the optimum rotor speed. Furthermore, it is clarified that local desorption rate is higher than adsorption rate. It is attributed to the increase of mass transfer coefficient and surface diffusivity of the rotor during desorption process. And, it is clarified that the influence of surface diffusion on amount of adsorbed water vapor is much larger than that of mass transfer coefficient.

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The purpose of this research was to study the change of morphology of ice particle and its effect on permeability of ice/water mixtures as porous media. Various sizes of sliced ice were used and specific area before and after the storage was measured. It was found that the morphology of ice particle changed by storing them for 24 hours in water tank at 0&dge;C. The shape of ice particle seems to change into round and smooth, and specific area decreased. Kozeny's constant was calculated using Kozeny Charmann equation. It was found that the constant decreased and reached to a value for smooth sphere, independent on the porosity and the size of ice particle. Hence, it was concluded that transformation of sharp edges and rough surfaces on the particles into smoother surfaces cause the decrease in specific area and Kozeny's constant, and it leads to increase the permeability.

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