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Volume 4 (1987)
- Issue 3 Pages 163-
- Issue 2 Pages 71-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 4, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Fatty acid composition in bacterial membraneYuzaburo ISHIDA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 163-170
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe liquid-crystalline state (fluidity) in the bacterial membrane lipid is essential for the protem in lipid bilayer to mediate the various functions. The transition ternperature in gel to liquid-crystalline phase is mainly dependent on the chain length and geornetry of the fatty acyl chains. That is, the melting points of the saturated fatty bcids decrease as the length of the hydrocarbon chain decreases the monounsaturated fatty acids are the lowest-melting. Fatty acids cornposition of the membrane lipids changes repidly in response to alterations in the environmental temperature, and also there is an appreciable difference in the fatty acids cornposition between psychrophile, mesophile and thermophile.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Yuko TSUYA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 171-180
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCeramic is an excellent material in respect to its tribological characteristics to support well a lubricative surface layer, because it is hard and chemically stable. Therefore, the natural surface layers on the ceramic, such as adsorbed species, and physically or chemically affected subsurface material layers, effectively lubricate a sliding ceramic surface, in comparison with a metal surface. As examples of lubrication by effects mentioned above, influences of atmosphere, sliding condition, microstructure of materials, temperature, environmental liquid and mating material on friction and wear of ceramics are described in this paper. Tribological consideration is important when ceramics are used not only as wear resistant parts, but also in general application, because the surface damage of cermics caused by sliding contact at handling reduces strength of them.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Utilized as a Cool Storage Material -I. Experimental StudyMasaru OOWA, Shigetake KAWASAKI, Takeji AKIYA, Masaru NAKAIWA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 181-186
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments on the formation of R 11 hydrate in water and aqueous solutions of ethanol(3.6% and 10%), n-propanol(0.9%) and n-butanol(1.9%) were carried out. The solution(600 g) and R 11 liquid(60-70g) in the reactor are mixed with constant aqitator speed of 400rpm during the experiments, and the following results were obtained : (1) R 11 hydrate is crystallized to form suspension and it is found that super cooling degree of the solution is a driving force for the formation of the hydrate. (2) The formation of the hydrate in water is fairly slow, and the percent conversion of R 11 is about 11% after 2 hours. (3) In the aqueous alchohol solutions, the formation of the hydrate is remarkably promoted with decreasing the surface tension of the solution. (4) As an example, when 1.9% n-butanol solution is used, the percent conversion of R 11 after 2hours is about 91%, which is sufficient for paractical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Mituo TAKAHASHI, Chiaki YOKOYAMA, Sinji TAKAHASHI1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 187-198
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas viscosity of non-azeotoropic mixtures of R 22 and R 152a was measured with an oscillating disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at 273.15-303.15 K and pressures up to 0.7 MPa. An empirical equation was obtained for the viscosity as a function of composition, temperature and pressure. Atmospheric viscosity is found to be predicted fairly well by the Sutherland-Thiesen equation, the coefficients of which were appoximated by Brokaw's method.View full abstractDownload PDF (692K) -
Shin-ichiro NAGAKUBO, Akio SAITO1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 199-208
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA numerical method for the melting process of a solid within a rectangular cross section, surrounded by a vertical heat transfer surface and horizontal fins, was proposed and confirmed by experiments. In the numerical method,the direct contact melting between the solid bottom and the horizontal fin surface was considered besides the melting over the solid due to a natural convection flow in the liquid phase. Transient melting processes were shown, where the solid phase melted rotating counter-clockwise due to the melting rate distribution by the temperature distribution over the fin. The numerical results agreed quite well with experimental results using N-octadecane.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Osmotic Pressure Dehydration in Low Temperature and Dehydrofreezing of FishTsuneo KOZIMA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 209-214
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, new method of removing water from perishable food were developed using dehydration sheet with material having high osmotic pressure and absorbent polymer. Dehydration sheet consist of mixture of sugar dehydrolysate and absorbent polymer covered with sem-permeable membrane, and can remove water in liquid state by contact with perishable food. Dehydration rate of fish using with dehydration sheet varied depending on species, their shape, and ambient temperature etc. Fish were dehydrated with dehydration sheet at low temperature as 0 - 5 C and frozen in cold storage room. Dehydrofrozen fish were kept it's high quality and freshness after thawing, ATPase activity of fish muscle was kept at high level after dehydrofreezing in the case of cod and alaska pollack, and flesh color of farming salmon was kept after thawing.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Tomohiro NOMURA, Nobuya NISHIMURA, Tooru SHIBA, Tsutomu HYODO1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 215-222
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe control of humidity or air velocity as well as temperature is imperative for industrial process equipment such as air conditioners, dryers. At present, much about humidity sensors has been reported, and recently, ceramic sensors have been used with improved results. However, the effective operating temperature of these sensors for a direct measurement of the humidity is about 423 K at the highest. From the various ceramic sensors so far investigated, the authors selected composite ceramics ZrO2-MgO with porous structure and n-type semiconductor for humidity sensing at high temperature. This is because, when the working temperature of the ceramic sensor is between 673 and 973K, the sensor detects the presence of water vapor and gas velocity by the variations in the electronic condition caused by the reversible of the water vapor. From the test, the sensor that use a single sensing ceramic element can detect directly both the water vapor content in a mixed gas of air and superheated vapor in the temperature range 373-773 K and the air velocity(O.5-4m/s) in the range 373-573K.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
Takeo SAITOH, Tsuguaki YAMAURA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 223-234
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper reports the experimental performance for a prototype heat pump(1.8 kW) with an inverter. The effect of varying various parameters including heat source and evaporation temperatures, inverter frequency, flow rates of the condenser and evaporator, etc. on the space heating power and the total coefficient of performance(TCOP) was clarified in detail. Then, the simulation method was developed on the basis of the experimental results. As an application, a high-efficiency heat pump thermal energy storage/solar system was proposed and the simulative results were presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Yoshiyuki TANAKA, Masami NAKATA, Hironobu KUBOTA, Tadashi MAKITA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 235-242
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new apparatus has been designed and constructed in order to obtain reliable solubility data of refrigerants in refrigeration oils and was used to measure the solubilities of dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) into a naphthenic refrigeration oil and squalane C30H62, a model substance of lubricating oil with definite chemical structure and molecular weight, in the temperaturer range from 293 to 323 K under pressure up to 1.2 MPa. The uncertainty of the solubility data obtained is less than 1 %. The equilibrium pressure increases smoothly with increasing R12 composition up to saturated vapor pressure of R12 in both (R12 + naphthenic refrigeration oil) and (R12 + squalane) systems. The experimental data for (R 12 + naphthenic refrigeration oil) system were compared with literature vaJues. It was found the present results agreed quite well with literature values. For (R12 + squalane) system the activity coefficients of R 12 in liquid phase were calculated from the solubility data and the equation of state of R 12. The activity coefficients were correlated with the composition of liquid phase based on the Margules equation. The correlating equation obtained can reproduce the experimental data with a mean deviation of 2.3 %.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Freezing of Skipjack by systemYutaka OGAWA1987 Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 243-250
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study are to measure the internal pressure which causes gape and heave of frozen body during the CaCl2 or ethanol brine immersion/spray freezing and to forestalI these undue defects of frozen foodstuffs by the internal pressure. The experiments were carried out on freezing of round type skipjack. Both of the temperature and the internal pressure of skipjack were measured and recorded continuously by a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor during the freezing. The result was that frozen body could supported to resist against considerable pressure during the freezing of round type skipjack, and that gape/heave of frozen body was created by the internal pressure during the freezing when the body had been some injuary or could not be expanded during the freezing. The internal pressure or stress of frozen bodies was released by a thermal equalizing process during freezing. Thus the methods which are able to prevent gape or heave of frozen bodies during the ethanol brine immersion freezing were found out.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K)
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