It has been shown that inadequately immunized humans dying of rabies succumb after an incubation period shorter than that of any unvaccinated human rabies cases. This report is concerned with the reproduction and analysis of this phenomenon called “early death” in experimental animals. A significant reduction of the incubation period was recognized in hamsters (P< 0.01), and rabbits (P< 0.05) immunized with potent anti-rabies vaccine after being challenged by rabies virus, while the reduction was not significant among animals that were treated with anti-rabies virus serum. The viral antigen in the central nervous system examined at the onset of disease by immunofluorescent staining rather decreased and inclusion bodies were less plentiful among animals that died earlier than in the controls, whereas no marked deposition of complement or immunoglobulin in nerve cells was proved in this study. The phenomenon could be reproduced in experimental animals vaccinated after exposure, although it could not be shown clearly that “early death” in experimental animals is mediated through anti-rabies antibodies.

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The stool examinations on 205 Japanese living in Nairobi, Kenya, and 65 Kenyans working in the Japanese homes as an indoor-or outdoor servant, maid or driver were carried out in March, 1981. The Japanese group was composed of 143 adults (79 males and 64 females) and 62 children under 15 years old (33 males and 29 females). Most of them had been staying in Nairobi for 6 months or more. The Kenyan group was composed of 61 adults (33 males and 28 females) and 4 children. The stool specimens were examined by formol-ether sedimentation method followed by iodine-staining.
Out of 205 specimens from the Japanese group, only one case of Entamoeba coli infection and one case of Metagonimus yokogawai infection were detected. The latter case was suspected that the infection had occurred by ingestion of undercooked Ayu, a fresh water fish Plecoglosus altivelis, during his stay in Japan. On the other hand, out of 65 Kenyan persons 41 (63.1%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasite species. The parasite species detected and their infection rates were 16.9 per cent for Entamoeba histolytica, 16.9 per cent for E. coli, 26.2 per cent for Endolimax nana, 1.5 per cent for Iodamoeba butschlii, 1.5 per cent for Giardia lamblia, 4.6 per cent for Chilomastix mesnili, 3.1 per cent for Ascaris lumbricoides, 23.1 per cent for hookworm, 10.8 per cent for Trichuris trichiura, 3.1 per cent for Strongyloides stercoralis, 4.6 per cent for Schistosoma mansoni and 3.1 per cent for Taenia sp., respectively.

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The survey and mass-teratment of helminthic infections with pyrantel pamoate was carried out on 140 school children in Ile-Ife, Western State of Nigeria. It was marked that 129 children were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides (As. lumbricoides), Trichuris trichiura (Tr. trichiura) or Necator americanus (Ne. americanus). Of the parasitepositive children, 82 could be allocated for the treatment with pyrantel pamoate. They were divided on the basis of having single, double or triple infections of the following intestinal nematodes; As. lumbricoides, Tr. trichiura and Ne. americanus.
The results demonstrate that pyrantel pamoate is effective in curing As. lumbricoides almost completely, but is less effective against Tr. trichiura and Ne. americanus

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Tungiasis of authors' own, suffered during the stay in Parima mountains in the Federal Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela from 19th October to 2nd November, 1982, was reported. Of the authors, three were infected with Tunga penetrans, developing one, four and five lesions on feet, respectively. In all the cases, gravid fleas were removed by curettage and the antibiotic ointment was applied on the wounds. Pain disappeared soon and lesions healed smoothly after treatment.

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From the observation on the larval and pupal behavior of Mansonia uniformis under laboratory conditions, it was proved that both larva and pupa obtained oxygen through the respiratory apparatus of the siphon of the larvae (larval respiratory gill, LRG), or of the trumpet of the pupae (pupal respiratory gill, PRG). This indicates the presence of respiratory “gills” in Mansonia spp. The mechanism of respiration is discussed and illustrated by black and white photographs.

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