大分市で見いだされた動物寄生性オンコセルカの人体寄生症例の起因種, および媒介ブユ種を追究する目的で, 人体への感染が起きたと思われる地区周辺の牛舎においてブユの採集を行い, フィラリア幼虫の感染を調べた。採集されたブユ8種のうち, キアシツメトゲブユS. bidentatumが優先種で, ヒメアシマダラブユS. amkawaeが次に多かった。フィラリアの自然感染は, 調べた5牛舎のうち3牛舎で採集されたブユに認められた。フィラリアの種を確かめるため, 1牛舎で採集したブユを6-9日間飼育した後, 第3期幼虫を回収し, 形態学的な検討を行った。その結果, 牛のオンコセルカとして知られているO. gutturosaおよびO. lienalisと思われる幼虫が, それぞれキアシツメトゲブユおよびヒメアシマダラブユより見いだされた。さらに, 未記録種と思われる第3の幼虫が, 上記2ブユ種とアオキツメトゲブユS. aokiisに感染していることが分かった。既に報告した, 人囮法によって採集したブユのフィラリア感染の結果と合わせて, 0.gutturosaと思われる種と未記録種の2種のオンコセルカが, キアシツメトゲブユによって人へ感染する可能性が示唆された。

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Sleeping sickness epidemics have been noted to occur with some degree of periodicity and the question as to why this is so has been asked for quite a long time. These epidemics have been partially controlled in the past using the conventional methods of bush clearing, mass diagnostic surveys and treatment. Political, social and economic upheavals have been found to be very important factors in the recurrence of these epidemics. In addition, a number of facts and hypotheses have been advanced as possible causes of epidemic outbreaks of sleeping sickness.
This paper presents a brief account of factual epidemic outbreaks of sleeping sickness in south eastern Uganda (Busoga) and then proceeds to discuss, in general terms, a number of hypotheses that have been incriminated to date, as possible causes that might lead to an epidemic outbreak of the disease.

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We had the opportunity to examine the carcass of a female thicktailed bush baby (Galago crassicaudatus) bred in Tama-Zoo, Tokyo. This carcass was one young galago of 4 head (2 males and 2 females) which were caught at the east part of Africa and died at one month after the importation to Japan at November 1987.
As the results of necropsy, 25 encapsulated nymphs of pentastomes were found in or on the parenchyma of the abdominal-wall, diaphragm, mesenteries, liver, lung and spleen, recognized as conspicuous annular worms and coiled within a transparent thin-walled cyst. These measured 4-6 mm in diameter. No other gross lesions were found. The cause of the Galago' s general illness was not ascertained, nor was the source of the pentastomes.
The cylindrical nymphs were identified as Armillifer armillatus based on the characteristic pronounced annulations of the integument and by the number of these annulations (16 to 20).
At microscopical examination of sections of encysted nymphs in liver and diaphragm, the nymph was enclosed in a fibrous cyst wall and there were a encysted nymph showing prominent acidophilic glands and intestinal tract; the chitinous cuticle was smooth without spins, 6.4 μm thick; subcuticlar glands and muscle fibres were apparent beneath the cuticle. Neither degenerative nor granulomatous inflammatory reactions noted in the adjacent tissue.
Nymphal pentastomes are capable of developing in a wide of intermediate hosts.Armillifer armillatus nymphs have been reported from various terrestrial animals, including insectivora, carnivora (lion, dog, leopard, mongoose), rodentia (rat, squirrel), ungulata (antelope), primates (monkey, macaques, galagos, guenons, mangabey, baboons, chimpanzee, man) (Sambon, 1922; Flynn, 1973). Although this parasite occurs naturally only in tropical Africa, when these worms were imported to Japan with these animals, this parasite will be possible to occures the problem as a zoonotic parasites.

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1987年1月, フィリピン・ネグロス島, バコロド市における住民検診時, 下痢を訴えた34名の糞便を直腸スワブにて採取し, 起因菌を検索し, 2例 (5.9%) にVibrio furnissiiが分離同定された。また一方1987年6月, 大阪市において, 法事の際の折詰弁当, 特に赤貝, サザエ, マグロ刺身, 海老の天ぷら, 鯖寿司などの魚介類を食べた同胞3児が下痢を訴え, それぞれの糞便を検索したところ, 同様にVibrio furnissiiを検出し, これら3例は本菌による食中毒症例と診断された。主要症状は下痢, 腹痛, 悪心嘔吐, 発熱の4主徴が必発した。潜伏期間は10-14時間, また下痢持続時間は12-30時間であった℃3症例のうち1例はVibrio pamkaemolyticusとの混合感染例であり, 当然のことながら脱水症などを合併して重篤となった。これら3症例のVibrio furnis-sii感染による食中毒症例は本邦最初の報告例と思われる。
またVibrio furnissiiはVibrio parakaemolyticusやVibrio fluvialisと同様, 病原性を有する株が, 主として魚介類を介して感染するとされており, 食中毒起因菌として今後も充分注目されるべきであろう。

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A 79 years old woman with past history living in an endemic area of Schistosoma japonicum developed gastric adenocarcinoma. She lived in Yamanashi, Masuno until 19 years old, then left the place and never returned back there. The patient was subjected to a total gastrectomy with splenectomy. By histological examination, Schistosoma japonicum eggs were detected in a considerable number of lymphnodes along the lesser curvature. The eggs were also found in the splenic lymphnodes. Fibrosis with the egg deposition in the Glisson's sheath of biopsied specimen of the liver was partly observed but not very extensive. By stool examination no egg was demonstrated and the serological tests by COP and CF were negative, which supported the view that the patient did not carry alive parasite. Although any definite evidence was not raised in the present case, an etiological role of the Schistosoma japonicum eggs in the development of stomach cancer was suggested even 50 years after the infection. This kind of cases should be further studied for the clarification of carcinogenic stimulus by dead Schistosoma japonicum eggs.

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我々は, 先に発表したプロモデオキシウリジンの取り込みを測定する方法で, 熱帯熱マラリアの薬剤感受性試験を, 北スマトラ州東海岸のマラリア流行地にて行った。種々の薬剤濃度下で, 普通の滅菌済み試験管を用い, 患者の血液を16時間室温, 室内で培養した08例の患者から分離した熱帯熱マラリア原虫では, 0.5×10^-6Mのクロロキンの濃度で, ブロモデオキシウリジンの取り込みが21-83%抑制された。この方法は, 特殊な培養器具を必要とせず, 分光光度計があれば実施できる簡便な薬剤感受性試験であり, マラリア流行地で広範な調査が可能であることを示した。

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