This paper describes an analysis of various characteristics for a length extensional mode quartz crystal resonator comprising plural vibration bars. An object of this paper is to clarify motional inductance L_1, frequency characteristics and frequency temperature behavior for the resonator. Another object is to provide a resonator with very short start-up time in an oscillator circuit. First, it is shown theoretically and experimentally that motional inductance L_1 is inversely proportional to number of vibration bars. Start-up time becomes very short in proportion to L_1. Finally, resonant frequency and frequency temperature behavior for a resonator comprising plural vibration bars are found to be approximately the same as that with one vibration bar.
RF ion plating is a dry coating process. We have investigated the relation between nitrogen gas flow rate and color of titanium nitride film by use of the RF ion plating method. We have also investigated the relation between pressure change during film deposition and color reproducibility of titanium nitride film by use of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. It was observed that color of titanium nitride changes from titanium color to gold and further to red brown gradually with the increase of nitrogen gas flow rate. Gas elements of deposited titanium nitride film was found to be nitrogen gas as reactive gas and hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas produced by oxyhydrogen out of equipment decreased with the lapse of evaporation time. It is considered that oxigen element reacted to titanium vapor. Color of titanium nitride film is brighter for less hydrogen element and darker for more hydrogen element under the same condition.