Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society
Online ISSN : 1881-588X
Print ISSN : 0021-437X
ISSN-L : 0021-437X
Volume 32, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • Masahiro Tsutsui, Tomio Onuma, Akitoshi Boku, Shigeru Ochiai, Atsuko Y ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of apple fiber (AF) on plasma apoproteins in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Fourteen diabetics (2 males and 12 females) ingested 15 g of AF per day for 16 weeks.
    Apoprotein AI was significantly (p<0.01) increased from 119±6mg/dl (mean±SE) to 141±5mg/dl, and apoprotein B was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 151±9mg/dl to 131±8mg/dl after administration of AF. The apoprotein atherogenic index, estimated as the ratio of apoprotein B to AI, was significantly (p<0.01) reduced from 1.29±0.08 to 0.95±0.07, There was a positive correlation between plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and plasma apoprotdn B levels before (r=0.765, p<0.01) and after (r=0.718, p<0.01) administration of AF. There was also a positive correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol leves and plasma apoprotein AI levels before (r=0.822, p<0.001) and after (r=0.760, p<0.01) administration of AF, and there was a positive correlation between changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein AI (r=0.575, p<0.05).
    These findings indicate that changes in plasma apoproteins after administration of AF can be considered antiatherogenic, and AF may represent a useful adjuvant in the dietary management of diabetes.
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  • A Cross-sectional Study
    Yoshio Goto, Ryuzo Abe, Shoichi Nakagawa, Kinori Kosaka, Nobuo Sakamot ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 9-19
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A cross-sectional study of three major complications of diabetes mellitus, i.e., diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy, was performed on 10, 569 patients, at 235 institutions throughout Japan The incidence of simple retinopathy was found to be significantly higher in females than males, whereas there were no sex difference in neuropathy or postitive proteinuria. The incidence of the three major complications was found to increase significantly in proportion to age at the time of the survey, whereas the incidence of simple and proliferative retinopathy was higher in patients who had developed diabetes at younger ages. All 3 diabetic complications occured more frequently in patients undergoing insulin therapy and in poorly controlled patients than in patients on diet therapy or under good control.
    We also studied the regional incidence of these complications of diabetes. Retinopathy was found to be more frequent in the Tohoku and Kyushu districts, nephropathy in Hokkaido, and neuropathy in the Tohoku, Chubu, Kinki and Kyoshu districts. All three major complications were found to occur more frequently in regions on the Japan Sea side than on the Pacific Ocean side of Japan
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  • N. Ueda, Y. Yamasaki, K. Nao, M. Sekiya, R. Kawamori, M. Shichiri, T. ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 21-25
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The authors have developed a needle-type glucose sensor covered with a thromboresistant biomaterial (alginate-polylysine-alginate) membrane for self monitoring of blood glucose. In vitro examination of sensor characteristics showed that sensor output was linear with respect to glucose concentration in the 0-400 mg/dl range. Sensor output reached its peak within 2 min after being dipped into a droplet (50μl) of anticoagulant-free whole blood. The glucose concentrations calculated from the 8 sensor output (Y) were quite compatible with plasma glucose concentrations (X) in the same blood (r=0.974±0.029, Y=AX+B, A=1.01±0.10, B=1.69±6.51). After 15 consecutive determinations of whole blood glucose levels, the glucose sensor continued to output readings equivalent to 95±19% of the plasma glucose concentration (n=8).
    These data indicate that the needle-type glucose sensor covered with a thromboresistant membrane is useful in the self-monitoring of blood glucose levels.
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  • Yohnosuke Shimomura, Masaki Takahashi, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Noriyuki Sato ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was undertapen to investigate the feeding behavior of the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat by employing special apparatus at Gunma University. Experiment 1: Studies in chronic diabetes
    1) Ambulation was decreased in the dark, but not in the light in diabetic rats.
    2) Diabetic rats drank an average of 278 ml in 24 hours, 6 times more than the control group.
    3) food intake in diabetic rats was more than twice that the control rats.
    Experiment 2: Studies on the acute effect of STZ.
    1) Three days after STZ administration, a significant decrease in ambulation was observed in the diabetic rats.
    2) Within 3 hours after STZ administration, an initial increase in drinking was observed. We have demonstrated that there are a variety of abnormal behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic rats including ambulation, drinking and food intake behavior. Further studies are needed to determine when these abnormalities are normalized by insulin administration.
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  • Relationship to Glycemic Control and FreeC-peptide Levels
    Kazuo Suzuki, Shin Honda, Nobuyuki Sato, Takashi Suzuki, Kiyoshi Fujik ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fasting circulating levels of the major intermediary metabolites, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, total ketone bodies, alanine, pyruvate and lactate were measured in 91 patients with NIDDM. The concentrations of FFA, glycerol and ketone bodies were significantly higher and the concentration of alanine was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in 36 nondiabetic controls. No significant correlation was found among fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the concentrations of intermediary metabolites except lactate. Abnormalities in ketone bodies, alanine and pyruvate were not corrected in patients with good glycemic control (FBG<120mg/dl), especially in those who were on insulin therapy. However, the levels of ketone bodies, alanine and pyruvate tended to be normal in patients with normal or above normal C-peptide levels, even when these patients were hyperglycimic. In 20 patients admitted to this hospital for glycemic control, the concentrations of ketone bodies, alanine, and pyruvate worsend after hospitalization for an average of 16 days, despite marked improvement in glycemic control.
    These findings indicate that the glycemic control is not always correlated with improvement in the profound metabolic abnormalities of diabetes mellitus. The goal of diabetic therapy should be to normalize not only glucose but also substrate metabolism.
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  • Hideyuki Sasaki, Machi Yamada, Keigo Naka, Eiichi Satogami, Kishio Nan ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to evaluate central nervous system function in diabetics, auditory brainstem response (ABR) was examined in 66 diabetics and 72 age-matched healthy subjects.
    There was a significant sex difference in ABR latencies in diabetics and healthy subjects. ABR in diabetics, both male and female, showed a significant prolongation in latency V and interpeak latency I-V, III-V compared with healthy subjects. The rate of occurrence of wave II in diabetics was significantly lower than in healthy subjects. No significant correlations were noted between ABR latencies and click, low-tone and middle-tone hearing thresholds The prevalence of ABR latency abnormalities was lower than nerve conduction velocity (NCV), vibratory perception threshold (VPT) and ECG R-R interval coefficient of variation (CV R-R) abnormalities. There were significant correlations between ABR latencies and NCV, VPT, and CV R-R. A close relationship between ABR latencies and CV R-R, in particular, was suspected. ABR latencies in diabetics with diabetic complications were significantly longer than in those without them. However, diabetic complications affected ABR latencies less than NCV, VPT and CV R-R.
    In conclusion, there is a suggestion of brainstem auditory tract dysfunction in diabetics.
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  • Gen Yoshino, Tsutomu Kazumi, Toshio Kasama, Masahide Iwai, Kohji Matsu ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the effect of CS-514 (Pravastin, Sankyo Co., Tokyo), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on triglyceride turnover in male Wistar rats. We gave the rats drinking water containing 0.04% CS-514 for 14 days. The drug significantly reduced very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and cholesterol levels and also reduced plasma triglycerides in non-fasted rats, but did not reduce plasma cholesterol. Treated rats also had lower triglyceride secretion rates (TGSR) in the non-fasted state than control rats. When fasted overnight, no difference in TGSR was found between the two, nor did the drug reduce TGSR in hypertriglyceridemic rats given 10% sucrose in their drinking water. We conclude that CS-514, an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, suppresses VLDL-triglyceride secretion in non-fasted rats. However, this effect can be seen in neither fasted rats nor rats with sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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  • Yuki Yamashiro, Hiroshi Taniguchi, Yasuhisa Hara, Kenzo Ishmhara, Kazu ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 57-59
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It has been reported in the USA and Korea since 1975 that Vacor®, rodenticide, containing N-3-pyridylmethyl N'-p-nitrophenyl urea causes insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The pathomechanism of Vacor®-induced diabetes mellitus has yet to be clarified. The effect of Vacor®, therefore, was studied in terms of insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. Vacor® suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin release, but did not affect the insulin release induced by theophylline or 12-o-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate. It was suspected that the suppression of insulin release from pancreatic islets by Vacor® may contribute to the pathomechanism of Vacor®-induced diabetes mellitus and that this suppression might not be related to cAMP anc C-kinase.
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  • Joji Hari, Koichi Yokono, Wataru Ogawa, Taizo Sakamoto, Yoshito Kawase ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 61-63
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Stable transfectants in Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the protein encoded by human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor cDNA (CHO. IGFIR cells) were tested for the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on poly (glu-tyr) phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis. Using 32P-ATP, IGF-I stimulated the incorporation of 32P into poly (gly-tyr) in a dose-dependent manner. IGF-I also stimulated glycogen synthesis in this cell line, while much less stimulation was observed in parental CHO cells. These results indicate that the human IGF-I receptor on this cell line is functional and thus likely to be a useful tool in studying the role of IGF-I receptor.
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  • N. Iwama, M. Nomura, E. Imano, Y. Saito, T. Watarai, S. Hosiyama, H. M ...
    1989 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 65-67
    Published: January 30, 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Glucocorticoid is known to increase insulin receptor mRNA, but it is unclear whether or not this effect is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor.
    In this study, by using RU 38486, which has a strong affinity for glucocorticoid receptors without exerting any glucocorticoid-like action, we investigated how dexamethasone affects insulin receptor mRNA levels in IM-9 cells.
    The following results were obtained:
    1) After 24 hours of culture, dexamethasone (10-6M) significantly increased insulin receptor mRNA levels in IM-9 cells.
    2) In a dose-dependent manner (10-8-10-10M), RU 38486 markedly inhibited the effects of dexamethasone (10-6M) on insulin receptor mRNA levels.
    3) There were no significant changes in insulin receptor mRNA levels in IM-9 cells cultured with RU 38486 (10-8M) alone.
    These results suggest that dexametasone increases insulin receptor mRNA after binding to its receptor at least in cultured IM-9 cells.
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