In recent years, the need for short-cut railway lines in central Tokyo has increased to accommodate urban concentration in the city center. Short-cut railway lines are highly effective in improving railway service. However, the construction of short-cut lines in the city center requires huge project costs, and financial resources under current railway subsidy schemes are insufficient. This study focuses on the issues regarding the current railway subsidy schemes and proposes coordination with urban development projects as a complement to these schemes in order to promote urban railway development.

This paper focused on local government initiatives aimed at revitalizing local areas and conducted research and analysis into how to utilize local train stations as tourism resources. Tourism resources at local stations include natural tourism resources such as "beautiful scenery," human tourism resources such as "cultural assets and railway heritage," and facility tourism resources such as "restaurants and cafes on-site." In conclusion, it was suggested that there are various ways in which local train stations can be utilized as tourism resources through the efforts of local governments, rather than simply leaving it up to the railway operators.

In recent years, the U.S. aviation market has rebounded from the pandemic but now faces new challenges, including shifting demand structures and declining profitability. Low-cost carriers (LCCs), in particular, are under pressure from intensified price competition and rising labor costs. This study focuses on the sustainability of U.S. LCCs by analyzing factors behind their performance decline, strategic responses, and policy support. The findings reveal that LCCs are evolving from a “low-cost, low-fare model” to a “low-cost, customer-responsive model.” This shift offers valuable insights for other markets, including Japan, in expanding demand and attracting new customer segments.