Transport Policy Studies' Review
Online ISSN : 2433-7366
Print ISSN : 1344-3348
Volume 4, Issue 4
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
Paper
  • Yukihiro KIDOKORO
    2002 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 002-010
    Published: January 31, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We develop the benefit-estimation method, explicitly taking networks into account. Our theoretical model shows that the benefits from a decrease in cost or an increase in capacity at link ij equal the changes in consumer surplus and revenues from congestion tax at link ij plus the changes in net congestion externalities at all the links but link ij. This result demonstrates that the usual benefit-estimation method is valid even if we take networks into account and that we do not have to consider additional benefits. Applying the results, we pin down the problems in current benefit-estimation methods in Japan.

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  • - Comparative Study of Expressway and Shinkansen -
    Hajime INAMURA, Mongkut PIANTANAKULCHAI, Yasushi TAKEYAMA
    2002 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 011-022
    Published: January 31, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Life cycle inventory analysis of transportation system has lately attracted a considerable attention. Huge amount of materials and energy are required for large scale transportation system not only on its operation phase but also on its construction process, maintenance works and demolition process. This study develops the model based on Input-Output framework for life cycle assessment. Life cycle carbon emission of transportation systems is estimated in the context of inter-city expressway and Shinkansen in Tohoku region of Japan. It was found that the Shinkansen system emits more than half of life-cycle carbon dioxide in the initial stage, and only 23 percent of emission derive from its train operation. The Shinkansen system emits much larger amount of carbon dioxide than the Expressway system in the construction phase, however, the life-cycle emission for sixty years is almost half of the road system.

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  • - A Measurement of Economies of Scale by Companies and by Routes -
    Norio IGUCHI, Yuichi TAKASHIMA
    2002 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 023-032
    Published: January 31, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    In recent years, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) has reviewed the framework of regulatory policies for the railway industry, so that the efficient management of railway companies may become consistent with the protection of benefits for passengers. In 1998, the Council for Transport Policy in MOT responded to deliberation No. 16; The guideline for the arrangement of conditions concerning abolition of the regulation of market entry in the transport industries. In this response,the Council argued that the characteristic of natural monopoly has been disappearing in the transport industries because of both the maturity of the market and the intensive competition among the various transport modes, and concluded that it becomes less necessary to regulate the market entry.

    However, it is doubtful that the characteristic of natural monopoly are uniformly disappearing by companies or by routes. The railway companies should be respectively regulated according to the market characteristics formed around those companies or routes.

    In this paper, we measure the economies of scale of the railway industry by companies and by routes. As a result of measurement, we evaluate the market characteristics surrounding each company quantitatively, and classify companies and routes based on their characteristics, and discuss implications for transport policy.

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