Oukan (Journal of Transdisciplinary Federation of Science and Technology)
Online ISSN : 2189-6399
Print ISSN : 1881-7610
ISSN-L : 1881-7610
Volume 1, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
Index
Preface
Opinion
  • Hiroyuki YOSHIKAWA
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 59-66
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    People often talk of their views of nature. They scarcely touch, however, on their views of artifact. It is strange because we human beings are surrounded by innumerable artifacts and are extremely influenced by them in everyday lives. We can reasonably guess that people have their own views of artifact. Therefore, if people do not aware of the views of artifact consciously, it should be concluded that people believe they have already entire and precise knowledge about all artifacts and need not discuss any more special views about them. The view of nature is what people perceive and manage nature by. On the other hand, the view of artifact decides not only how to perceive and use artifacts but also what to make artifacts. The last is the most important for the made is influenced by the view of artifact and thus the artificial environment in the future will be decided by people’s view of artifact. Because it is an urgent task for human beings to construct and maintain the sustainable environment, it is crucial for us to understand the view of artifact at the present time.
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Reviews
  • Kazuo FURUTA, Taro KANNO
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 67-73
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This article discusses how human modeling can support social design that aims to solve various social issues by implementing social institutions: new frameworks or new functions of society. Human modeling, which was originally studied for describing and predicting individual performance, has now extended its scope to cover group and social performance by many people. Social design is crucial for our society facing serious problems, but the conventional way of social design, which heavily relies on empirical approaches, is powerless in complicated modern society. It is desirable therefore that more rational and predictive approaches for social design might have been established. Since human performance that affects effectiveness of social institutions is a key factor in social design, human modeling can be a hopeful tool for considering this factor.
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  • Hiroshi MORITA
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 74-79
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The concept of SN (signal-to-noise) ratio is used like common sense in the field of communication and signal processing. Recently, the term of SN ratio appears in the other fields; however, the conventional concept is too strong to understand the new concept related to the original concept. Is the SN ratio appeared in the various fields transdisciplinary concept? We discuss the similarity and the differences of SN ratio used in the fields of control, statistics and social sciences, and consider the ideal of SN ratio as a transdisciplinary technology.
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Original Papers
  • Koichiro DEGUCHI
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 80-87
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This paper describes a strategy of optimal action of sensing process. The decision of an action selection is made from an information theoretic point of view. Its goal is to reduce the number and effort of the sensing steps to reach the final identification of the object condition among those registered in the data base. We have chosen an information theoretic framework, motivated by the fact that sensored data is not noiseless or ideal, nor can the effect of a certain action be completely determined in advance. This is the common case for almost all sensing problems. We present the strategy for an example of the object recognition process from observations of its images. In the recognition, the entropy, which can be considered as the amount of the uncertainty of the object, must be most rapidly reduced. This process is formalized in terms of evaluation of the mutual entropy.
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  • Michiko OHKURA, Shunpei ONDA, Makoto UCHIDA, Yoshiki SHIMOMURA, Masano ...
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 88-95
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This document describes a part of the researches accomplished by the committee on assistance of symbiotic communication in TRAFST (Transdisciplinary Federation of Science and Technology). The purpose of this study is to obtain hypotheses on the active fields and strong relations between fields in science and technology in Japan. For this purpose, we extracted and visualized the structure of topics on scientific and technologic researches from the database of researches in Japan.
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  • Proposition of New Method Based on Combinational Use of Taguchi Method Concept and Nakazawa Method
    Toshihiro HAYASHI, Toshitake TATENO, Kazuo TATEBAYASHI, Tomoyuki TOBIT ...
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 96-105
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This paper deals with a design optimization process with some experiments that are often executed in design and development phase. In order to avoid repetition of experiments as possible, Taguchi method has been proposed from a view point of robustness. And, Nakazawa method has been proposed from a view point of optimal balance among multi-required specifications. However, these methods have not been used together in practical engineering fields although bothmethods commonly use the orthogonal array in the experimental design. There are rare studies of combinational use to make the most of characteristic points of the both methods. In this paper, the characteristic points of these methods are examined and arranged first. Then, an efficient combinational use of these methods is proposed. A simple case study shows that the proposed method is useful for practical design and development processes.
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  • Tetsuo SAWARAGI, Satoshi TSUKAMOTO, Yukio HORIGUCHI, Hiroaki NAKANISHI
    2007 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 106-114
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2016
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    A new method to analyze transformation processes of work procedures for on-site workers engaged in organizational activities, based on the concept of the four levels of contradictions, is proposed. Various contradictions, i.e., misfits between components of the activity system, might arise out of and propagate throughout their activities, then induce some sorts of changes in the procedures for the better or for the worse. The proposed method, focusing on the negative aspects of such procedure transformation, represents every phase of a changing activity in terms of a diagrammatic triangle of Engestr¨om’s activity theory, thereby visualizing the process of its changing with latent contradictions can contribute to the in-depth analysis of organizational accidents. Within organizations, a human plays variable roles as an agent that is an actor, an observer, a cognizer, and an interpreter, which produces a complex organizational behavior. In order to model this, we introduce the subject of C. S. Peirce’s semiosis, which is any form of activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, including the production of meanings. The criticality accident occurred at the nuclear fuel conversion facility of JCO (1999) is employed for an illustrative case to explain this method’s capabilities.
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