Land use in Sumatra’s Riau Province, Indonesia, has undergone rapid change in the last few decades, with the introduction of large-scale industrial development that relies heavily on available natural resources. As a result, the possibilities for local communities to provide for themselves through agriculture and forest product gathering have greatly diminished. Against the backdrop of the recent establishment of the Tesso Nilo national park and the continuing forest degradation and forest loss in Riau Province, this study takes a look at local community agricultural practices in the area surrounding the national park. It analyses the current agricultural practices of indigenous and migrant communities (Village A and Village B respectively), the (long-term) livelihood security that these agricultural practices provide, and the relationship between current agricultural practices and natural resource degradation in and around the Tesso Nilo national park. Households in Village B derived most of their income (75%) from smallholder oil palm plantations set up through the Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES) program. Households in Village A derived only a small part of their income (13%) from agricultural practices related to shifting cultivation. Among the reasons identified for the ineffectiveness of the shifting cultivation practice of households in Village A are: the large-scale conversion of forest areas into plantations, logging concessions and national parks leaving no lands that can be legally accessed for shifting cultivation, continuing degradation of the forests, and an increasing population, all making available lands of adequate quality scarce. A substantial part of income for households in Village A consequently came from illegal logging (62%). In comparing analysis of the indigenous community of Village A to that of the migrant community of Village B, it can be concluded that only the establishment of sedentary forms of agriculture can provide local communities with sufficient income while simultaneously protecting remaining natural resources. However, lacking the means themselves, indigenous communities need to be given sufficient access to lands to establish new sustainable sedentary agricultural practices, as well as adequate technical and financial support in establishing them.

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We collected 600 samples for screening of white rot fungi from various natural sources, including fruiting bodies, rotten woods and piles of trap lumber from West Java, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Jambi, and North Sumatra in Indonesia. We obtained from 600 samples a total of 258 isolates showing positive reaction of guaiacol oxidation by laccase based on the observation of red colored zone around and beneath mycelial colony on Acacia mangium wood powder and agar medium containing guaiacol. Tentative identification of 45 isolates from morphologic characteristics of fruiting bodies showed that the isolates belonged to the families Ganodermataceae, Corticiaceae, Polyporaceae, and Coprinaceae.

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Much of the structural, floristic and dynamic variation in the hyperdiverse dipterocarp forest on the 52 ha long term ecological research plot at Lambir, Sarawak, is associated with soil differences, as indicated by topography, labile topsoil nutrients, and humus. This review expands the edaphic characterisation of the plot by collation of published and unpublished data on soil morphology, physical properties and non-labile nutrients. Topographically the plot consists of two dipslopes at different elevations with a steep and unstable intervening scarp. Sandstone underlies the main upper dipslope and shale the lower, and the scarp has mixed clastic sedimentary lithology. Most of the dipslope soils are moderately developed Red Yellow Podzolics (Acrisols/Udults). They are of medium depth, with thin topsoils and reddish yellow blocky subsoils that become redder, finer textured, firmer and blockier with depth. Textures vary with lithology, and range from loamy sand over sandy loam on sandstone to silty clay over clay on shale. The scarp has shallower, stonier and less horizonated Skeletal soils (Cambisols/Inceptisols). All of the soils are very acid, and have low contents of all labile nutrients. Contents of non-labile forms of P are low and those of Ca extremely low, but K and Mg are moderate. All nutrients are significantly lower in sandstone soils than on shale. The differences are more pronounced for non-labile than labile forms and in subsoils than topsoils. Ratios of mineral nutrient are stoichiometrically typical for Red Yellow Podzolics on clastic sediments, and differ from morphologically similar soils on other parent materials. The ecologically significant reserves of K and Mg are attributed to small but sustained replenishments by mica weathering.

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