Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 111
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.111

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Changes of microflora in turfs soil (Part 2) Effect of the soil conditioner on growth of zoysia grass and control of Rhizoctonia patch

Etsuzo ENTANI, Masayuki SENO, Kazuhiro ITO, Sumio AKITA, Yosiya KAWAMU ...

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 113-119
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.113

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The effects of a soil conditioner containing vinegar (acetic acid), chitosan hydrolyzates and extract of alfalfa leaves on the growth of zoysia grass and control of Rhizoctonia patch were studied.
Dry root weight of zoysia grass treated with the soil conditioner was 16-32% more than that of non-treated grass, and the treated grass emerged earlier than non-treated grass inspring. Additionally, in the soil treated with the soil conditioner, the number of effective microbes such as chitinase-producing bacteria including actinomycetes and fluorescent pseudomonads increased and the number ofRhizoctoniameasured by ELISA system decreased significantly as compared with non-treated soil. Consequently, occurrence of Rhizoctonia patch was restricted by application of the soil conditioner.
Five strains were isoleted from the pach. The isolates were identified asRhizoctonia solani [AG-2-2, IV] and could not be repressed by the soil conditioner when diluted for application. Thus, the effectivity for controlling theRhizoctoniapatch would seem to be indirectly promoted by increases of chitinase-producing bacteria including actinomycetes and fluores-cent pseudomonads, which were produced by the application of the soil conditioner.

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Biocontrol of Dollar Spot Disease by Using Commercial, Antagonistic Microbe Complexes (1) . Outdoor and Field Examination of the Effects

Hitoshi KUNOH, Emi INOUE, Hiromi NAKANO, Issei KOBAYASHI

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 121-128
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.121

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Curative, suppressive and protective effects of 3 commercial, antagonistic microbe complexes [Aurace G (abbrebiated as OG below), Active Soiler (AS) . and SS-born (SS) ] on dollar spot disease occurring on turfgrass were examined. These effects were tested using bentgrass grown in sand plots in the university farm and that grown in a nursery of a golf course. The former test is called the outdoor test, while the latter the field test. All the complexes were applied to test plots by spraying almost uniformly by hands. The outdoor test by artificial inoculation porved that all of test complexes had curative, suppressive and protective effects to dollar spot disease. The field test in which naturally-occurring spots were treated with test complexes revealed that their curative effects varied depending on the months of treatment. OG showed relatively fast but short-span curative effects, while AS and SS showed relatively slow but long-span effects. Both outdoor and field tests revealed that all of test complexes had protective effects but that such effects tended to decrease gradually as population density of the pathogen increased in test plots. The outdoor inoculation test gave relatively clearcut results of all effects, while the field test did those of greater variances. Such a difference suggests that the field test using naturally-occurring symptoms may be more reliable than in vitro and artificial inoculation tests to evaluate effects of microbe complexes utilized for biocontrol.

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Biocontrol of Dollar Spot Disease by Using Commercial, Antagonistic Microbe Complexes (2), Growth of the Pathogen on Complex-amended Media

Hitoshi KUNOH, Emi INOUE, Issei KOBAYASHI

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 129-135
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.129

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Growth of mycelia of Sclerotinia homoecarpa was examined on media amended with 3 commercial, antagonistic microbe complexes [Aurace G (abbreviated as OG below), Active Soiler (AS), and SS born (SS) ] or in filtrates of these complexes. The mycelial growth was remarkably suppressed in the OG-ammended medium or OG-filtrate. However, such a suppressive effect was not found when the filtrate was autoclaved. These results suggest that OG probably includes heat-labile antibiotics produced by microbes in OG or some other suppressive factors. The AS- or SS-amended media and their filtrates delayed the growth of mycelia, the suppressive effects being not so prominent as those of OG. AS caused abnormal growth of mycelia. These results suggest that both AS and SS also include antibiotics or other suppressive factors. Growth of mycelia was recovered when they were transferred from all of the complex-amended media or filtrates to non-amended PDA medium, suggesting that the suppressive effects of these complexes might depend on fungistatic actions.

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Reproductive inhibition activity of the insect growth regulator, tefurubenzuron against the hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden (Coleoptera: Curcurionidae)

Tadahiko INOUE, Masayoshi HATSUKADE, Katuaki KATOH, Yoshihiro YAMAGUCH ...

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 136-143
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.136

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The insecticidal activity and reproductive inhibition activity of tefurubenzuron, insect growth regulator, against larvae and adults of hunting billbug Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden were evaluated through laboratory tests.
Tefurubenzuron showed a high toxic activity against the 2nd instar larvae fed the Japanese lawngrass, Zoisia japonica, that was dipped in 50ppm solution for 1 minute.
All of 3 feeding tests on adults fed diet dipped in 50ppm of tefurubenzuron solution for 10minutes, showed high reproductive inhibition activities.
Spring and summer season experiments, used unpolished rice as the diet, showed remarkably low hatchability of eggs laid by treated adults compared with that by untreated adults. Moreover, the mortality of hatched larvae was extrearnly higher.
Autumn season experiment, used stem of the southern crabgrass, Digitalia cilialis, as the diet, also showed remarkably low hatchability of treated eggs.
In case of spring season experiment, the least period remarkably affected by the toxic diet applied 4 times for 2 weeks, was 35 days. And adult population of next generation resulted from eggs laid at the period was reduced to 16.2% of control.
Although embryonic development was observed in the poisoned eggs, the inside larvae could not break the egg shell. Few larvae emerged from the eggs were died shortly after hatching, because they could not search and eat the given diet.
We did not observe any effect on adult mortality at concentration used.

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Response of Fine-leaved Fescues (Festuca spp.) to Irrigation Water Containing various Concentrations of Sea Water

Khorshid RAZMJOO, Takayuki IMADA, Junko SUGIURA, Seiji KANEKO

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 144-153
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.144

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Fine-leaved fescve species which adapted to drought, shade and poor soil conditions are used as turfs for different purposes. However, salinity tolerance of the cultivars of such species has not been determined in order to be used in marginal areas. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to select cultivars of these species to various sea water concentrations. Plants were treated with seven diluted sea water concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%) with four weeks between changing the concentrations. ‘Dawson’ was the most tolerant followed by ‘Robin’ and ‘pennlawn’ among Chewing fescue cvltivars and ‘EIanor’, ‘Arctared’, and ‘NGF Theoder’ were the most tolerant among creeping red fescue cultivars. ‘Scaldis’, ‘Tournament’ and ‘Reliant’, on the other hand, were the most salt tolerant among hard fescue cultivars and ‘Marker’ and ‘Noro’ were the most tolerant within slender creeping red fescue cvltivars. Cultivars of slender creeping red fescue survived the longest followed by strong creeping red fescue, hard fescue, sheep fescue, and chewing fescue, respectively. Significant differences and wide variations observed among fine-leaved fescues indicate that screening for more salt tolerant cultivars is possible, but salinity tolerance of the cultivars of these species may be limited to 30% of sea water level . However, breeding more tolerant cultivars may be possible by using plants that survived under higher sea water concentrations.

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Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Shoot Tip of Zoysiagrass

Masahiko TAMAKI, Huibao LOU, Shunji KAKO

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 154-157
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.154

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Callus was induced from shoot tip of Z. matrella plants in media contained 2, 4-D and plantlet regeneration was tried in media supplemented with various combinations of α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) concentrations. From the callus, which was maintained every 30 day by subculturing in the medium with NAA and BA combinations, no plantlets were regenerated. But the callus, which was maintained unsub-cultured in the medium with 0.1mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA combination for 90 days, formed yellow callus on its surface. From this callus, many adventitious shoots, some with roofs, were formed.

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Drought-resistance in Thailand line of knotgrass (Paspalum distichum L.)

Hajime IKEDA

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 158-160
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.158

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Knotgrass (Paspalum distichum L.) is known as a native, grass in marsh and a less drough-resistance species. However, one line collected from a golf course in Thailand is seemed to be extreme drought-resistance than domestic lines in Japan.
In this respect, the author compared the Thailand line with two domestic lines in Japan. The results show that (1) the length and width of lamina and the stem diameter of the Thailand line were smaller, (2) the drought-resistance of the Thailand line was more than the domestic lines in Japan.
The Thailand line may be a usable line for lawn grass in the warm region of Japan.

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Varietal diversity of heat tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

Hajime IKEDA, Yixin SHEN

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 161-163
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.161

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For the purpose of obtaining the characteristics of heat tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), plant survival after germination, plant height and stem number under high temperature in summer of third year after germination were investigated using eight cultivars.
From the characteristic of cv. Adelph and Apex which seemed to be more tolerant than other cultivars, it was assumed that following three characteristics; 1) heat tolerance at germination, 2) less stem elongation under high temperature and 3) high stem density could be used for the selection of heat tolerant variety.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 164-170
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.164

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 171-176
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.171

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 177-180
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.177

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 181-184
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.181

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.185

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 190-193
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.190

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 194-204
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.194

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1997 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 205
Published: March 31, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.25.205

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