Noise characteristics in avalanche-type pickup tubes have been investigated by measurements of noise spectra and by a simulation. It was found that the avalanche excess noise are extremely reduced by operational principle of the pickup tube, including the charge storage operation and the electron beam scanning.

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Improvement of sensitivity in avalanche-type image pickup tubes using of amorphous selenium (a-Se) photoconductive layer are examined. Sensitivities which are 1000 times higher than those of conventional tubes are attained by using thick a-Se layers (25.5μm) and by adopting a new electrode for high voltage operation.

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An improvement in signal-to-noise performance of the HARP tube camera is easily achieved by increasing the nominal operating signal current while maintaining the advantage in sensitivity, because the HARP tube allows the current to be increased with a rise in target gain due to avalanche multiplication. In this paper, the characteristics of the HARP target operating in the large signal current mode are described.

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This paper describes the disign and development of a 1-inch HARP tube for Hi-Vision. The tube has electrostatic deflection and electrostatic focusing (SS), allowing for compact tube construction and low power comsumption. the article also discussed a newly proposed high picture quality operating mode of the tube.

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The Super-HARP tube is about 100 times as sensitive as conventional camera tubes. A modification of an ordinary three-tube color camera has been made in the form of a high-performance camera with Super-HARP tubes. It has been confirmed that the modified camera is ultra-sensitive and produces excellent picture-quality.

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A new 1 inch HARP tube for Hi-Vision was developed by NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. We developed Hi-Vision camera with this tubes. It's very high sensitivity and obtaind high quality picture.

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A newly HDTV camera for studio use is developed. This camera which employs newly developed one-inch HARP tubes provides high quality color pictures. This camera is able to gain 32 times maximum sensitivity compared with conventional HDTV SATICON camera. This camera's AR(amplitude response) is more than 40% at 800TV lines. A camera control unit(CCU) is designed to operate fine adjustment.

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The X-Ray irradiation effect on crystallization of amorphous silicon was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. It was found that X-ray irradiation enhanced both solid-phase homogeneous nucleation and epitaxy free from dislocations. Characterization of the crystallization by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy shows that the quality of the thin film is much better than that by a conventional method.

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In this paper, a-Si buried p-i-n photodiodes were investigated. Darkcurrent was reduced using an a-SiC : H as blocking layer located on the electrode. The quantum efficiency of the fabricated photodiode was about 5,and inprovement of the sensitivity in short wavelength region was remarkable.

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A novel a-Si : H photodetector constructed of buried p^+-i-n^+ diode was presented. Gain of photocurrent of 10〜100 times can be obtained from this sensor under bias voltages of 10V〜20V. The multiplication of photocurrent is interpreted as resulting from avalanche which occurs inside the depleted buried p^+-i-n^+ region. The principal consideration how to design this photodetector was given.

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A GaAs MSM(Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) photodiode shows very high sensitivity over 120A/w for visible light, which means a photocurrent gain over 300. The mechanisms for photocurrent gain could be associated with photoconductive (ohmic) injection and tunnel injection (Pool-Frenkel type) for low electric field and high electric field, respectively.

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In this paper, Logarithmic photoreceptor using subthreshold operation of MOS-FET is investigated. The fabricated photoreceptor device outputs -2.9〜-2.5V corresponding to incident light power from 10^<-7>W/cm^2 to 10^<-4>W/cm^2.

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The interface-state dark current in a Buried Channel CCD was analyzed in terms of frequency and duty of CCD gate pulse. It is confirmed that the interface-states under the area of CCD gate and along the LOCOS channel stops are chiefly responsible for the dark current.

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We analyzed the transient behavior of horizontal registers of CCD imagers to calculate their charge transfer efficiency directly using a device simulator CADDETH. It is found that a low p-well concentration and a short distance between adjacent electrodes are necessary for fast, complete charge transfer in CCD registers.

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A 330k pixel CMD imager with a pixel dimension of 7.3μm(H)×7.6μm(V) was designed, fabricated and examined. The optical aperture ratio was 34%. The photoconversion characteristics showed good linearity. The blooming signal was less than 0.1% of the saturation at 1300 times the saturation exposure, and there was no image lag. Though the pixel size was reduced, the degradation of the characteristics was not found.

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We have developed a CCD image sensor which reproduces normal and mirror images. A new structure of horizontal CCD enables the image sensor to need only single-output circuit. It promises a low-consumption and simplified camera system.

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A 1/3-inch format 682(H)×492(V) element interline-transfer CCD image sensor has been developed. A higher saturation signal, 1.5 times compared to a conventional 1/3-inch format 512(H)×492(V) CCD, and a high S/N ratio have been realized.

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A 2/3" 1.3 Million pixel FIT-CCD image sensor with the HDTV format has been developed for the first time. A wide dyamic range of 70dB and High sensitivity of 24nA/lx are realized. The fixed pattern noise (FPN) is suppressed by optimizing of Single HCCD structure.

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A 1" format 1.5M pixels IT-CCD image sensor has been developed for an HDTV camera system. To achieve high performances we have adoped a novel impurity profile of buried P^+-layer and an onchip micro lens array. We have obtained high fidelity pictures with a horizontal resolution of 820 TV lines.

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Chrominance moire reduction using Correlative Coefficient Multiplying (CCM) method in single-chip color video camera was evaluated with still-picture simulation. A picture data I/O system was developed to produce a still-picture data from an output signal of single-chip color imager. It is found that the CCM method is very effective to reduce the chrominance moire.

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A new CCD TV camera has been developed, which employs three Pre-Processing CCD image sensors featuring charge summation of four pixels and spatially and temporally offset subsampling. The proposed method results in high sensitivity and wide dynamic range while suppressing the decrease in resolution.

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Up to the present, electronic still cameras have used 400k-pixel CCD image sensors. The authors have studied and simulated the color filter arrangements for the future system which has more than 400k pixels. As a result, a G striped R/B checkered arrangement has been proven suitable for the electronic still camera system.

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To meet the demands for realizing more compact HDTV CCD camera, we developed a 2/3" CCD camera for the first time. This camera employs 3 CCDs with 1.3 million pixels. Although the pixel number of a CCD is insufficient, we have improved the resolution of the camera, applying the dual green pickup method to the camera.

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We have developed a new TTL Auto White Balance Circuit. This Circuit is useful for achieving a small size, light weight and low cost camcorder. The Time Constant Control Method newly developed is described. In this Method, Time Constant is controlled by zoom lens position, focus lens position, etc.

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This paper describes random noise of CMD image sensor in a new FPN suppression driving method which we have already reported. As the results of experiments, there is no difference about the spectrum of the random noise produced by CMD image sensor between a conventional driving method and this new method, and the random noise after FPN suppression has mainly been caused by Sample/Hold circuits.

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A video camera with an arbitary aspect ratio was developed by using PAL imager and newly-developed digital signal processing VLSIs. And it became possible to produce not only wide-screen pictures but also intentional fat and slim 3 : 4 pictures.

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An imager scanning LSI for an electronic zoom camera was developed. An overflow problem in HCCD was solved by a newly-developed HCCD scanning method. And imager scanning area became selectable.

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A new CCD timing IC integrated with synchronizing signal generator has been developed. Fixed pattern noise is remarkably suppressed by new counter circuits.

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The infrared (IR) range finder for slowly moving object has been successfully applied to auto focus(AF) system of a 35-mm single lens reflex (SLR) camera. Some clear pictures of a slowly moving object have been taken.

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We have investigated an efficient method of scanning in identifying an object. In this, the taken data in one scanning determine the nextscannings conditions. We hope to develop this mecanism until completelysimilar to the functions of human eye.

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This paper proposes a new method for acquiring high resolution pictures by processing stereo images. This method integrates low resolution images into a high resolution image. This method can acquir 1.4 times resolution image, compared to the usual equivalent shot noise sensitivity imaging device.

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In order to get high quality display panel, the PCEL simulation is carried out. It is found that to obtaine wide memory margine of the device the PC layer mast have higher photoconductivity coupling with abrupt luminescenes increment of the EL layer.

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We have made a 2.5"-diagonal ac thin film electroluminescent panel with three primary color phosphors. The 30 × 20 (×3) line color panel gives a white luminance of c. 5cd/m^2 at 200Hz. Insulator materials significantly influence panel stability and additional improvement is necessary to achieve long-life panels.

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A NEW PRINTING TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR MAKING FINE-LINE PATTERN OF μm-OREDER. DIFFERENT FROM THE CONVENTIONAL DYNAMIC INKING WITH VISCOUS INK, IT FEATURES THE "STATIC INKING" CONSISTED OF THE SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF THE INK ON THE PRINTING PLATE AND ITS TRANSFER TO THE WORK USING ADHESIVE LAYER. FINE PATTERN OF Cr OR Si WITH 3μm LINE AND SPACE COULD BE FORMED ON 4'×4' GLASS PLATE BY DRY ETCHING FOLLOWING "STATIC INKING".

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High resolution SD-PDPs with a cell pitch 0.1mm showed exellent results in terms of brightness and luminous efficiency which have the same advantages as those with a larger cell pitch.

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In AC Plasma Display Panels (AC-PDPs), the MgO films are stil deposited by evaporation. We fabricated AC-PDPs with MgO films by Screen Printing, and analyzed printed MgO samples by ESCA and X-ray Diffraction.

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Dynamic erasing characteristics of a surface-discharge(SD) type AC plasma display panel has been measured in comparison with that of the conventional double-substrate panel for various erase pulse widths. Broadening the erase pulse width, narrowing the sustain voltage margin of the SD panel gradually in contrast with the rapid extinction at 0.3μs width in conventional panels. For the three-electrode SD panel having two sustain discharge regions each turns alternately on in a display cell, single pulse erasing for one region is effective as well as two pulse erasing for each region.

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25-inch diagonal Plasma Display Panel which has color filter for each cell was fabricated. The color filters lower the reflectance of the panel to increase contrast ratio. Cell structure was improved for stable pulse memory operation. TV display system was developed, and a part of Hi-Vision picture was displayed.

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A large scale plasma display panel (PDP) has been developed only by using of thick film printing techniques. This PDP has 25 inch- diagonal and high contrast ratio. A new panel design was proposed for the large scale panels. Each process to be built up the large scale PDP were examined and completed as mean of the trial production level.

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In the color pulse-memory PDP the behavior of the metastable-state Xe_m^* is important, and it is analyzed from experimental and theoretical treatments. When Xe-concentration is small, Xe_m^* decays through the diffusion to the wall. But as the concentration increases, it produces Xe_2^* through the three-body collision process, resulting in the molecular VUV emission.

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Plasma display should have fast access characteristics for the reproduction of high-content information. New pulse memory drive scheme with twice as fast access speed as the conventional was experimented for the planer pulse memory panel. Sufficient voltage margins were obtained for write and sustain pulses. Further, a part of TV picture could be stably displayed with this drive scheme.

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Electric field distribution in the discharge cell of a dc plasma display panel (PDP) was analysed by boundary element method (BEM) to optimize the electrode design. The measured ignition voltage of the cell was found to be closely related to the calculated field strength on the cathode surface.

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A new high density dc PDP was driven with a pulse memory drive scheme using modified scanning sequence. Stable pulse memory operation was obtained for a panel with display cells of 0.3mm pitch.

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We examined the protection circuit by the lamp voltage detection, because hot cathode lamp at the life end will cause abnormal exothermic condition at the lamp end. As a result, we manage to make up the circuit so accurate that it can detect tangsten discharge condition

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An autostereoscopic system is described which permits the observation of a 3-D image by several persons simultaneously and is suited to mass production. The display uses large format lenses positioned in front of an image output screen. The parallax number determines the number of simultaneous images which can be used to produce a look around capability. The resolution of the method is limited by the parallax number.

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This paper reports the results of experiment for researching optimum cofiguration of each electrode in flat CRT.

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This paper reports the discussion about a computer simulated and experimented potential distriubtion, in relation to electrode's configuration in flat CRT.

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