Significant barriers stand in the way of translation. I discuss three barriers by analyzing the English translation of Yasunari Kawabata's Yukiguni. Firstly, when a text full of I-mode (interactional mode of cognition) expressions, a feature of Japanese novels, is translated into a text characterized by D-mode (displaced mode of cognition) language, we face an almost insurmountable barrier. Translators should keep in mind that there are two modes when they translate. Secondly, it is important to recognize that translation is not just the translation of words but also the translation of texts. Since various themes are interwoven complicatedly in a text, translators should translate the text, taking them into account. The third barrier is related to personal pronouns. The Japanese personal pronouns express the identity of both addressers and addressees and constitute a complicated system, compared to English. Translating a text from a more complicated system into a less complicated system requires special techniques.

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In European history of philosophy before Nietzsche, the concept of person has beenthought as rational being. However,the concept of "persona" originally meant a social role. In other words person was originally concept from standpoint of society. It is that new possibility with the ethic are opened if it recognize human as a being ontologically conditioned by society. When Nietzsche denied modern philosophy, however, there was not the viewpoint to recognize a human being from the society. But Nietzsche's radical nihilism have possibility of new thought that recognize ontologically person in society.

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Immedlately after a baby is born,the role of parent is assigned. But are we able to become ideal parents after that moment? And are we able to continue to be ideal parents from that point onward? What are parents? What are families? Shakespeare depicts a man who could not continue to be an ideal parent in The Winter's Tale. The present writer wants to analyze the destruction and reunion of the family of Leontes, King of Sicilia, from the viewpoint of the relationships between parents and children in The Winter's Tale, by focusing on the inner mind of Leontes, and to elucidate the strong core of familles as a universal ideal.

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Flora of vascular plants growing in the campus of University of Human Environments and experimental forest were studied. 355 species of native or naturalize plants were recorded.

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Shakespeare's Macbeth is a play of the usurpation of kingly throne,with recurrent stage images of murders and witches' black magic. In the contemporary political context, however, it was 'royal' play which praises the newly enthroned King James I. It approves his idea of the divine right of kings, upraising the union of England and Scotland under his reign. It shares the themes of justice and peece with the pageant held for James some two years before, with several triumphal arches errected in the streets of London. And in the play a message is implied that peace and tolerance are seriously desired between the reformed religion and the old faith.

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"Shigisan Engi" (narrative picture scroll in 12th century) and movies of classical cutting have the same montage technique. It generate association of narrative ideas implicit in the connected plctures. This paper demonstrates that opinion by shot analysis of the climatic scenes in "Flying Granary" (the 1st scroll of "Sigisan Engi").Ch.1. Making the 1st scene's diagram of a restorationCh.2. How the painter made the narrative idea "wonder and fear" in the st sceneCh.3. Shifts of psychological sight frame from the 1st to the 2nd sceneCh.4. How the painter made the narrative idea "miracle" in the 5th sceneCh.5. How the painter made the narrative idea "spectacle" in the 6th scene

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