The theater of Moliere has few feminine characters who assume an important role in the piece. Le Tartuffe, one of the most famous piece, has Elmire, wife of Orgon, Mariane, his daughter, Mme Pernelle, his mother, and Dorine, his servant. Elmire represent a sympathic house wife at a glance, but in the fifth scene of forth acte, she has a dynamic role revealing the imposture of Tartuffe in using the personal pronoun “on” representing not only the indefinite third person, but also the second person and the first person. We analyze her lines in this scene and reveal how she use different significations in these lines. The frequent use of “on” instead of “I”, “we”, “you”, and “they”, produce the distance between Elmire and Tartuffe, and it attribute comical effects to the stage. Elmire is a secondary character at first glance, but, in fact, she has a very important function in the piece.

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The “goal” of the English deictic verb “bring” is thought to be where the sender or the addressee is located. The present paper aims to clarify the extension of the “goal” of the English deictic verb “bring” in the framework of the Theory of Territory, dealing with metaphorical and metonymical expressions as well as free indirect speech.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maladaptive signs, school nonattendance tendency, and attendance situation. We conducted a questionnaire survey to examine maladaptive signs and school non-attendance tendency in high school 1st to 3rd graders. In the following year （March）, teachers carried out a questionnaire survey on these students’ school attendance situation. Maladaptive signs mediated the tendency toward school non-attendance and had a significant positive influence on the school non-attendance. These results suggested that maladaptive signs may be a prodromal symptom of school nonattendance and an early stage of school non-attendance. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers and school counselors carefully support students with high maladjustment signs scores to help prevent school refusal and withdrawal

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In this paper we reported a session case of focusing which showed an interesting development dramatically, and made some investigations. Focuser was a female. She was like a beginner about focusing. Focuser entered focusing from the bodily feeling. 　Focuser could just enter focusing smoothly from the feeling of the body（ felt sense）, and was able to facilitate the focusing process with her own power. The bodily parts and the expressions of felt sense shifted clearly. She put a good distance from the problem. As a result, focusing progressed very well. She was able to experience the liberation of body and mind, strength, and new awareness. The features of focusing process, focuser, and guide’s guiding were discussed.

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Due to changes in soil ion exchange abilities, pollution may have ecological effects on the bioavailability of cadmium （Cd） in soil. We investigated the effects of soil properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity （CEC）, total carbon （TC） content, and clay content on Cd bioavailability. CEC and TC did not significantly alter Cd bioavailability, but clay content markedly affected the bioavailable fraction of Cd, regardless of pollution levels. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the clay content of soil when assessing the ecological effects of contaminated soil for determination of Cd bioavailability.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the requirements of constitutional litigation and to explain the importance of grasping individual’s demands. Although the litigation is not the only way to realize the constitutional value, it is easy to define constitutional issues in litigation, and the decision gives a universal solution. However, it also implies that plaintiffs have to discuss a universal solution （not ad hoc）. Therefore, a proper method to grasp the client’s “demand” is needed, for the lawyer can successfully act on behalf of the client.

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[in Japanese]

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I have investigated “the significance of ‘living’ ” proposed by Yoshida shoin and his ideal death. The investigation shows that “the significance of ‘living’ ” of shoin means “the practice of ‘justice’ ”, which he learned from ancient Chinese historical books, especially from The Discourses of Mencius. 　While the “death” awaiting shoin has been thought to be “the death of calmness,” by putting “justice” into practice, the investigation clarified that he got to “the death of patriotic lamentation.” 　I have shown that shoin considered “the death of calmness” to be “the afflicting death” and “the death of patriotic lamentation” to be “the gratifying death,” and so on.

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