This paper makes it clear the character of houses which atopic dermatitis patients living in, through analizing the multiple dwelling house plan has many mites and house dusts. The conclusions are follows:
1. There is a correlation between gravity of house dust and number of mite.
2. There are many mites in the room using footcloth on any floor.
3. There are capabilities of many mites living in the room with many mite living in another.
4. Kitchen has small number of mite, living room and bed room have large number of mite.
5. It is arduous to breeze from south to north in the room many mites living in.

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The aim of this article is to show the success factors and problems of resident's participation in housing and community management by approach to the rebuilding project of K-A Housing Estate in Senri New Town. The result of analysis shows that each residents, business partners and administrative agency must have enthusiastic partnerships and tenacious negotiation besides steady continuation.

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This paper discusses the effect of distortionary taxes on the long-run movement of Japan's land prices. Empirical results show that non-neutral treatment between land and financial assets in the inheritance and capital gains taxes is a major culprit of high residential land prices in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.

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This paper deals with recent trends of working couples' dwelling and life style (mainly how to share housework) with infants. We investigated families with infants who were nursery school children. The main results are as follows.
1) Many of them had often changed their occupation and moved to get next house. So their life are not much stable on these sides.
2) We classfied into 11 groups (A-J Type) by analyzing sharing housework.
3) These 11 types are from housework by the wives to equal sharing housework.
4) The wives who shared housework with their husbands most equally were satisfied with the results.

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This paper studies on a way of dwelling of Dual-income families with infants. Most of infants' everyday life is done in a living dinning room and the rooms connected with them (call them connected rooms). A connected room is used first as a living room, second as a bed room, and also as a store room or a children's room. Therefore the living dinning room and the connected rooms with adequate area should be made before rooms separated from the living dinning room.

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Town centres traditionally can play a multitude of roles as the hearts of communities, however, the challenges to the vitality and viability of town centres in Japan focus on revitalizing retail activities. The purpose of this study is to contemplate residential spaces to revitalizing town centre in British regional cities, and attempts to clarify how planning controls and town centre managements can work to this. The study first reviews the role of TCM and relationship between planning and TCM, followed by the analysis of central government and ATCM policies to the town centre residential spaces. An examination of the development plans and TCM action plans in eight regional cities, shows two types of development; mixed use development and conversions including‘Living over the Shop’ and change of the use. From the process of materializing residential spaces, town centre managers can possible to identify and promote development opportunities because they work with property owners closely. Therefore, the development of genuine and effective partnership between key town centre stakeholders, the fund for development and effective planning policies was identified to materializing residential spaces.

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District plan for urbanized area has a character of tool for incremental urban improvement. By the application of the townscape formation type district plan and the FAR incentive type of district plan, there exist two types of building forms: buildings deregulated from normal building regulation and buildings based on the normal building regulation. This study evaluates the effects and problems of the application of two types of district plans based on the case study at Chuo-City in Tokyo. It clarifies: 1) the deregulation has an effect to promote renewal of buildings, 2) regardless of the deregulation there is no substantial difference on sunshine condition.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the realities in the bonus of floor-area ratio by The Urban Housing Comprehensive Design System (HCDS) and The General Comprehensive Design System (GCDS), and to clarify by what factor the bonus of floorarea ratio is influenced. As resultants of the analysis, cases by HCDS have received the bonus of floor-area ratio about twice higher than cases by GCDS. From such a fact, it has been understood that the acquisition of a house floor by the bonus of floor-area ratio is a main purpose in HCDS, and a main purpose in GCDS is to make the form in the office building reasonable by easing conditions of regulation. And from analysis of variance, analysis of quantified scaling, it was found that the rate of effective open space and the zoning influenced the bonus of floor-area ratio most in HCDS, and that the easing conditions of regulation and the rate of effective open space influenced most in GCDS.

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Problems of defective houses have become a serious issue with social concerns. This report focuses on consultation cases by Architect Consultation Office of JIA and analyses them. The results are the following. The number of consultation cases of disputes with consumers increases recently. Most of the cases are the problems of defective houses, followed by contract problems and design problems. Concerning the locations of defects, members are the most, building frames are the next, and foundations the third. The most cause of defects is poor consturaction. Bad constraction and scamped construction work can be recognized as serious problems. According to the cases, it is suggested that the role of supervising may not be conducted properly in most construction process. The supervising isuue is the most important one which has to be solved in the future.

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Many of the condominium apartments near to rebuilding stage can be rebuilt only under the existed floor area, because they were built exceeding current FAR regulation. They are called “existing non-conformed condominiums.” In the case of Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, “Reconstruction from Earthquake Disaster-type” of “Design with Comprehensive Consideration System” was temporarily and exceptionally introduced, to encourage their reconstruction.
This paper is an interim report on the evaluation research of this system. Using index data of the buildings provided by the local authorities, characteristics of the rebuilding under this system, are studied, and we reached to the following results. 1) Most of the condominiums were rebuilt near to the previous floor area. 2) The significance of the large coefficient of extra FAR is in relieving the difficulties to create Open Space for Public, within the comparatively small and complicated building sites, to secure extra floor area. 3) The forms of the buildings have change to tall and slender ones.

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The gap of the population between night and daytime, the latter exceeds the former greatly, takes place in the inner area wards of Tokyo Metropolis.
In this paper, we verify that the phenomenon has an effect on balance between the benefit from the public services and the taxes. As a result of the verification, we prove that the gap of the population causes a bad effect, interval between the benefit and the burden. Therefore the policies for securing housing in the inner area wards which ease the gap of the population by means of drawing place of the residence near it of employment is desirable from a respect of finance.

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In Germany, gentrification of rented houses in midtown caused dismissal of former tenants. Many cities tried to restrict partitioned ownership by refusing completeness of the residences because of the current building codes. This countermeasure was affirmed by administration court. Nevertheless, developers tried to sell houses without partitioning ownership. Furthennore, the supreme court didn't admit the refusal of completeness. At last, some new laws were enacted, which shows the key function of the legislative organ.

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The purpose of the this papar is to clarify policy and practice by rocal government for wooden densely builtup area improvemnt in Tokyo area. This is because definite plans by rocal government are indispensable as national-wide policy system for the improvemnt is reinforced after Hanshin-Awaji big earthquake, such as Densely Bullup area Area Improvement Act and Tokyo Urban Development Plan.
The findings are as follows:
1. Improvemnt for densely built-up area is put in practice by many rocal government with high priority in the liveing environment policy system. 2. Various individual polices, especially subsidy for earthquake resistant construction, are prepared after the earthquake by many rocal government. 3. No rocal governments make positive use of removal recommendation of Densely Bullup-area Area Improvement Act.

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This paper deals with method of improvement of residential area where land use conversion is in effect in neighborhood, and attempts to clarify the method of connection with each other. The analysis begins with the current situation of the areas where land use conversion and improvement of residential area are carried out at the same time in adjoining land, and pick out four types of method. We focus on the areas where the system named “Comprehensive Maintenance Project” have been applied, and investigate development of public spaces by local authorities in the typical four cases, expressly aim at the quantities and cost share of between developer and authorities.
From the analysis of the practices, we confirmed the difficulties of improvement in residential area neighboring land use conversion, local authorities have to place the residential area neighboring large scale land use conversion, and establish standard of the share of cost depend on each purposes.

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The District Plan with Different FAR by Use, Improving Street Views, gives FAR bonus and increases property value of land. This paper proposes a method of hedonic approach to evaluate the benefit of FAR bonus by the District Plan. In the case study on Kandaizumi-cho, the increase of property value by FAR bonus is evaluated as 8.3%.

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How to deal with small plots has been one of the most serious problems for the implementator of the land readjustment project. This article explains the various means used for this purpose such as mitigation of plot reduction, attached plot and the seizure of plots. On the discussion of legal issues involved in the issue, this article proposes the expansion of means.

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This study aims to clarify the effects of large-scale development projects on the surroundings of the Urbanization Control Area in Saitama and Ibaraki prefectures. The main finding of the study is that large-scale development projects tend to cause disordered small individual developments, roadside retail developments along trunk streets, and changes in traffic systems that may lead to traffic disorder. To improve the large-scale development projects, it is necessary to conduct the following: a) follow-up surveys both on the project and on the surrounding areas, b) improvement of the infrastructure of the Urbanization Control Areas and c) implementation of detailed zoning plans to control individual developments in these areas.

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This paper aims to identify the changes of land-use in the districts with a significant structure called “shell-substance”.“Shell-substance” is a structure commonly found in densely inhabited Japanese cities with the rows of high buildings along main streets that surround the block (=shell) and a clump of small housings surrounded by the rows (=substance). A block in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, facing to Shinjuku Street, is chosen as a case study area. All sites and units of housings and buildings in the years of '81, '86, '91, and '96 are surveyed and are arranged as a database.
By analysing changing patterns in sites and units, it is identified that office buildings along trunk roads that may become parts of the “shell” are getting higher and larger in contrast with the small buildings of the “substance”. Secondly, there are a large number of site-unifications at the “shell”. Condominiums developments are mostly found inside the “substance” and their impacts on neighboring buildings is not negligible.

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