In the historic villages of Shirakawa-mura, most of the gassho-style houses are on individual lots separated by cultivated plots of land, refecting traditional land use. They are aligned parallel to the Sho River, giving a very harmonious and impressive landscape. It has been explained that the protection against the strong-wind along the Sho River and the necessity to maintain weak-wind throughout the gassho-style roofs for the improvement of silkworm and cocoon caused this characteristic village form. However, these points have never been shown in engineering analysis nor in quantitative survey. In this study, the weak-wind environment through the gassho-style houses in some area of the village at the end of the Meiji period is indicated in comparison with the current one using CFD analysis.

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This is the second n紅tof the study entitled “Study on the Living and Residential Environments in an Apartment Building District in Central Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.” In this part, based on the results of research to date, the author focused on the state of community formation in urban apartment districts and verified the interrelationship between lifestyle and community activities and the residents' attitudes toward their lifestyles and community, while at the same time determining the status and trends of community formation in apartment districts. The basic knowledge concerning lifestyles and living environments in“communal living” communities that was obtained through this study included the following: 1) the households that had a stronger degree of neighborly ties tended to have stronger relationships with neighboring residents including residents within the same apartment building, and they also tended to hold fixed residence in higher regard and to have a greater degree of participation in group activities, special event activities and the like and to have a more favorable opinion of these activities; and 2) awareness of fixed residence of apartment dwellers (awareness of changing its home) is related to situation of community in urban apartment districts.

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The March 2011 earthquake caused severe damage. Currently, systems to accept disaster victims who cannot return to their previous residences are being established in the Kansai region. This study aims to ascertain the situation concerning housing support for evacuation to far-off areas in Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe, and then to obtain knowledge about regular housing-provision structures that can provide housing support in emergencies. The results are as follows:-Public rental housing that made use of private rented housing and evacuation from disaster-affected prefectures played a vital role in providing emergency housing. -The municipalities that experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake responded quickly to accept evacuees. These municipalities investigated support systems that focused on problems that would arise when evacuees have to move out. Each of the municipalities used effectively their regular housing-provision systems and existing housing stock. -The survey revealed households in which women in the child-rearing generation evacuated from Fukushima with their young children, leaving their families in the disaster-affected area. These evacuees felt insecure with regard to their current living conditions, such as the strain of leading a double life due to the division of households and the change in the child-rearing environment.

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This paper discusses the Machizukuri of homeless people through the case study of the homeless network in Thailand. The purpose of the study is (1) to examine the process of Machizukuri of the community network, focusing on activities of homeless network in Bangkok and Chengmai, (2) clarify the Characteristics of the facilities residents, such as Taling Chan shelter, Bangkok Noi shelter, Mo Chit common lodging house, and Cheng Mai homeless center, (3) to show the efficiency of the community network in Machizukuri of homeless. This paper points out that (1) the process of Machizukuri of the homeless network practiced in the four-phase, (2) the reason for participation of community network activities in the residents of the facilities can see theme and cooperation, (3) other related organizations an important role in Machizukuri of homeless people, (4) the efficiency of the community network was suggested by Machizukuri of homeless. In conclusion, it suggests the efficiency of Machizukuri of homeless people to other developing

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This study considered approaches to realize supportive environment for aging in place based on the findings on the independent livings of the elders in a suburban community with high aging rate and decreasing population. Interviews were conducted on 13 elder residents to explore how they actually sustained independent livings to find out human and social resources and spatial information of necessary supports. Also, interviews were performed with a welfare business operator to run a small-scale multi-functional business unit and a group living for the aged who had difficulties to live on their own, which cleared how the operator supported the elders and acted in the community as a community-based property to enhance community welfare. The results were summarized as recommended approaches.

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This paper clarified the roles of microcredit (small nonsecured loan for poor) on restoration of livelihoods of the tsunami victims and considered the key factors of efficient system and implementation through case study of a“successful” resettlement area in the southern part of Sri Lanka after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004. The key findings based on analysis of 46 members of microcredit are as follows. 1) There are two types of loan system, ”MI loan” and ”SG loan” which are complement each other. 2) Two systems keeps high repayment ratio (averagely 96.4%) after 2 years of its start. 3）”MI”loan is utilized to jobs such as fishery in the previous place and ”SG”loan is utilized to small activities such as home gardens in resettlement areas and to daily consumption. The existence of different systems in the microcredit is efficient for the restoration of the victims in resettlement areas. 4) The key factor of efficient systems is differentiation of ”individual”and ”group”. This diｆｆerentiation generates various sub systems which prepare to restoration of livelihoods and human relationships after the tsunami disaster and resettlement. 5) The key factor of implementation is linkage of loan systems and other activities, support to the women who have the role to stabilize the income of fishery households, utilization of space in resettlement areas for small activities and business which allow the victims to have time and space to join in microcredit.

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In this paper, management of common spaces so called “courtyards ”in an old residential area of Patan city is clarified through the analysis of management actors and their relationships. A block of three interconnected Buddhist monastery courtyards is selected for the survey. From this study, following results are figured out.I) For the management of courtyards, there exist three types of management actors namely; Buddhist monastery related, Resident related and Government related. 2) Management actors perform numerous everyday and occasional ( on emergency time or festival time) management activities. 3) The relationships between management actors are clarified through the analysis of their activities such as Decision-making, Implementation and Expense Bearing.

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The aim of this study is to make clear the management situation of the aged comdominiums in Kyoto city.Many comdominiums set up permanent directors and the specialized committee. I )The administration method of the management association consists of the following two cases; The first is that a management association works with the conservators for the durable management. The second is that a specific member of the management association contributes to lead the durable management.2)Lack of funds of regeneration of the condominiums and conflict between a management association and a management company often result in the change of management method

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This study aims at proposing the method for the urban infrastructure institution building to promote disaster education city planning in the basis of social capital development coupled with raising of residents' incentives among local communities. Herein, we have proposed the following two assumptions: (1) the urban infrastructure development should be based on residents' incentives to take secure refuge from expected tsunami disaster; (2) the social capital development duly enhanced through above-mentioned city planning process should contribute to reinforcing of tsunami disaster prevention potential in the areas. And verification is made through the case study on the above-mentioned city-planning process for the coastal zones of Yaizu-city.As a result, it could be concluded that social capital development plays a key role for arrangement of appropriate disaster-reduction city planning in the future.

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This study aims to understand the single-parent households' housing situation in Copenhagen Denmark. Danish social assistance for households who have children is world famous, hence taking even better care in supporting single-parent households. However in metropolitan area, Copenhagen, although chronic housing shortage has continue since 1990s it is very severe for single parent households to secure stable housing. Forælder Fonden single parent households encourage support group, provides transitional housing for single parent who have sirious housing problems. Forælder Fonden also manages sheared housing for student-single parent households.

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This study aims to examine the possibility of shared housing for single mother household which expected to meet their housing needs. The methodology of the study is interview for non-profit organization and private co 叩orations who plan and operate the shared housing for single mother household. Authors point out that shared housing meets single mothers households' housing needs in terms of collaboration on child care and housework by residents and also ease the sense of isolation among single mother households. The challenge is the importance of third party which manage and support shared housing living, however, the planning and management of shared housing by private sector is tough work including finding homeowners who sympathize with shared housing for rent, finding single mothers, renovation of housing and operational support etc.

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Recently, a new business style called Ekinaka which has many stores in the wicket has been growing dramatically. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts to the surrounding commercial area of the station by the development of “ Ekinaka ”with the case of Akabane Station-“ecute Akabane” ， and to clarify the main causes of them. The main results are as follows; 1) 20% of all users of “ecute Akabane” ceased to use some of the stores located in the surrounding commercial area of Akabane Station and this phenomena tends to occur at the stores which deal with ready made foods. 2) The principal factors of 1) are below two. The first factor is the similarity of the contents of commodities between “ecute Akabane” and the stores located in the surrounding commercial area of Akabane Station. The second is the predominance of the location of “Ekinaka”- its location in the wicket.

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Recently, a new type of urban redevelopment projects called “Minotake Saikaihatsu” － sustainable urban redevelopment projects 一has appeared. This study aims to find out the reason of appearance of “Minotake Saikaihatsu” by focusing on the historical context and the methods of pr 吋ects, and to clarify its actual state. Main findings are as follows: After the bubble economic burst, an interpretation of high level usage has changed from high floor area ratio to effective land use. In the consequence of changing the view of projects profit, considering market risk in the future has become more important. Because of this, projects have recently adopted a variety of methods, although projects used to depend only on selling a large amount of reserved floors.

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Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11th, 2011, gave widespread damage along the coast of the Tohoku regions. Many people who lost their houses, has been living in Temporary Housing today.In Temporary Housing, it becomes a problem social withdrawal and solitary death. In order for there to be nothing right, it is important to be formed a comunity.So we investigated bullentin boards in temporary housing complex whole of the town ( 48 housing complex) from September 7th, 2011 and January 7th-9th, 2012. And we analyze between management of bullentin boards and Old place where people living in Temporary Housing.

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Nowadays neighboring shopping districts in residential area distant from railway stations are in hard condition because of the motorization and the changing of the lifestyle. However, in the aged society these neighboring shopping districts may play impotant roles such as the place for not only shopping but also gathering and communicating. The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of these neighboring shopping districts and the problems with the sustainability of them. The results are as follows; 1) Most of these neighboring shopping districts are in decline and do not have enough shops of perishable foods. 2) Whether declining or not, some people come to enjoy the shopping and communication with the shopkeeper. 3)The existence of a leader affects on the effectiveness of the projects in these neighboring shopping districts.

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The new housing program leases private rental housing units for those affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in Sendai and Tagajyo Cities. By analyzing this new program, I will discuss the following policy agenda for rental assistance programs : (l)the effect on the market; (2) administrative costs; (3) administration authorities; (4)problems with discrimination in the market; (5)housing security and public finance; (6) housing and residential choices; (7)assistance for dispersed residents; and (8)program evaluation.

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The purpose of this paper is to verify the energy certificate system minutely which improves the insulation performance of buildings and to study whether it is possible to familiarize the energy saving house in societies by taking advantage of this certification system. First, the EPBD is analyzed, which indicates the energy certificate system as the specific policy to reduce CO2 emission. Next, it is clarified by both the literature and sgyneivrrauesh that how EnEV provisions and cu 汀ent situation are in Germany where the energy certificate system has been led in EU nations. Finally, it is indicated that the energy conservation society through energy labeling might be also enabled in Japan by introducing the German-style energy certificate system. Moreover, if insulation repair works increase by the advices of insulation renovation, the economic ripple effects as well as spread of energy saving housing could be brought in regional societies in Japan.

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This study attempts to consider about the parking spaces in temporary housing, based on the analysis of the 48 temporary housing projects built after the great east Japan earthquake. This first paper focuses on the equipment, the utilization rate and the alteration of the parking spaces in the projects to grasp the general tendency. The results show that parking spaces locate outside the projects' sites account for a large percentage in the projects on graded land, and also the additional parking spaces are mostly set up outside the sites. However, this type of parking spaces have relatively lower utilization rate comparing to the other types, which locate inside the sites. The results also show that the housing projects exceeding certain scale tend to lead the increase of irregular parking. These suggest that there is a proper scale and a planning method for the parking space for temporary housing.

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East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, gave widespread damage along the coast of the Tohoku regions. Many people who lost their houses, has been living in Temporary Housing today. Planning of parking spaces is one of the most important factor that significant impact residents' life in unique environment as the Temporary Housing. To find various elements of parking acts of residents, we collected the actual conditions data of parking spaces in Temporary Housing areas from September 7, 2011 and January 7 ～9, 2012. Then, Analyzed factors causing parking acts outside the designated parking areas, impact of pavement on parking acts and effectiveness of designated parking spaces. Many factors of this behavior show the results of possibility that parking acts outside designated area could patternized to nuetral parking system. And the various elements of parking acts data, should be used for the next step of research about parking system in Temporary Housing projects.

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The selling and buying system in California can be divided into two processes. The first process is the process to make an agreement to purchase and the second is to verify the agreement and execute the contract. Throughout these processes, various professionals such as real estate agent, inspector,appraiser, the title insurance company, escrow company serve to both the seller 's side and buyer 's side. Almost of all the information is investigated and given by the real estate company in Japan, but the divisions of professional roles are established in CA. The accumulation of Information in both private and public sectors contribute to speed up the survey. The information disclosure about living environment like TDS is the legal duty not ylno fo the seller but also on the seller ’ s agent. The division of professional roles and the accumulation of information may support the real estate company to survey and disclose more useful information and fasten the transaction.

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This study aims to analyze about the evaluation of home builders what factors contribute to the improvement of thermal insulation performance of new detached houses. The analysis focuses on five factors; the financial incentives to home buyers, the standard of energy efficiency to home builders, the building performance labeling, market needs, and technical factors of insulation. I conduct an empirical analysis based on questionnaire survey of 180 home builders. The result shows that large-scale company provides relatively more houses with better insulation property. Most of home builders recognize the influences of financial incentives and next is market needs. The result also implies that the “ Eco-point ”， which is a financial incentive widely used, contribute to promote the adoption of better insulated windows, and to stimulate particularly small contractors to use insulating materials.It is also implied that the comfort and reduction of energy bills are equally recognized as benefits of insulation.

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The GHQ28 was used to find the effects that residential environments have on women’s mental health during the period from the subjects’ pregnancy up to thirteen months after childbirth. The result show, the areas of convenience, relationship with housemates affected their mental health status. Also, the mental health of those property owners and single house families was poor and as the number of rooms increased, the mental health status deteriorated.

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Minimum lot area is one of the Group standards of the Building Standards Act. It has been established as a means to suppress the mini development by fragmentation of the land, and suppress the adverse impact (external diseconomy) on the living environment due to the building, such as sunlight and ventilation. In this paper, I focus on tightening of regulations of the minimum lot area. I analyzed by DID (Difference-In-Difference), to clarify the inhibitory-effect of external diseconomies due to household density as a policy objective. And then I analyzed by hedonic approach about the impact on land prices and detached housing market. As a result, I made it clear, that the impact of external diseconomy by household density can not be confirmed. Other hand, I made it clear, that land prices in regulatory region has fallen and market trading price of detached houses are distorted. It is thought that regulations interfere with the highest and best use of land.

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We present a case of total renovation of the dilapidated apartment building including only 8 dwelling units. The renovation was carried out to improve the quality of the apartment in design as well as functionality. As a result, the renovated apartment became more competitive in rental market, and increased profitability. Moreover, this renovation project attracted a lot of interest of design-conscious young people. An apartment building including a small number of dwelling units is thought to be difficult to save for a long time because of a disadvantage in cost-effectiveness. Renovation of apartment building with no particular distinction seems not to contribute to improving occupancy rate and to increasing profitability. We suggest that design and originality as well as functionality in renovation should be important for long-term use of old apartment buildings and that strategic renovation could also contribute to community revitalization.

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